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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Motivation for the choice of complementary and mainstream medicine. Patients' behavior in a pluralistic medical system].

The reasons for choosing between various therapeutic possibilities depend in part on rational and in part on emotional factors. This project dealt with the systematic verification of some decision factors most of which were known already. The project was divided in a qualitative and a quantitative part. The qualitative segment was based on semistructured interviews with patients of general practitioners or of naturopaths. This procedure is often used in ethnological research. It identified and evaluated the main motives for the individual choices of therapies by the patients. The quantitative part of the study was carried out by a procedure often used in social sciences, namely by strictly structured telephone interviews of several thousand policyholders of the health insurance fund Helvetia. The aim of this part of the study was to verify the findings of the qualitative study and to investigate the possible significance of additional sociological factors for the choice between different therapies. The conclusions drawn from the abundance of data show that a widespread use of complementary medicine is a reality. Both parts of the project came to the same conclusions. The patients use complementary medicine in a very pragmatic way, be it alternately, be it in parallel but not necessarily in addition to mainstream medicine. The behavior of the patients is very complex, depends on many factors, and can neither be predicted nor easily influenced, not even by an additional free insurance for complementary medicine which was offered to one of the subgroups of the study (in conjunction with J. Sommer's project 'A Randomized Experiment Studying the Effect of Including Complementary Medicine in the Mandatory Benefit Package of Health Insurance Funds in Switzerland'). The interpretation of the telephone interviews concerning the significance of some of the registered sociological factors turned out to be difficult. The project aimed primarily at illustrating the use of complementary medicine and at characterizing its users.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Interruptions of chest compressions during emergency medical systems resuscitation.

BACKGROUND: Survival after nontraumatic out-of-hospital (OOH) cardiac arrest in Tucson, Arizona, has been flat at 6% (121/2177) for the decade 1992 to 2001. We hypothesized that interruptions of chest compressions occur commonly and for substantial periods during treatment of OOH cardiac arrest and could be contributing to the lack of improvement in resuscitation outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-one adult OOH cardiac arrest patients treated by automated external defibrillator (AED)-equipped Tucson Fire Department first responders from November 2001 through November 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Reviews were performed according to the code arrest record and verified with the AED printout. Validation of the methodology for determining the performance of chest compressions was done post hoc. The median time from "9-1-1" call receipt to arrival at the patient's side was 6 minutes, 27 seconds (interquartile range [IQR, 25% to 75%], 5 minutes, 24 seconds, to 7 minutes, 34 seconds). An additional 54 seconds (IQR, 38 to 74 seconds) was noted between arrival and the first defibrillation attempt. Initial defibrillation shocks never restored a perfusing rhythm (0/21). Chest compressions were performed only 43% of the time during the resuscitation effort. Although attempting to follow the 2000 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, chest compressions were delayed or interrupted repeatedly throughout the resuscitation effort. Survival to hospital discharge was 7%, not different from that of our historical control (4/61 versus 121/2177; P=0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent interruption of chest compressions results in no circulatory support during more than half of resuscitation efforts. Such interruptions could be a major contributing factor to the continued poor outcome seen with OOH cardiac arrest.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Association between salivary flow rate and the use of systemic medication among 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old inhabitants in Helsinki, Finland.

The aim of this study was to examine salivary flow rate and its association with the use of medication in a representative sample of 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old subjects, totaling 368. In this study, 23% (n = 80) of the subjects were unmedicated. From one to three daily medications were used by 47% (n = 168) and more than four medications by 30% (n = 104). The most commonly used medications were nitrates, digitalis or anti-arrhythmic drugs (47.7%), analgesics and antipyretics (32.6%), and diuretics (29.5%). The mean number used daily was significantly higher in 86-year-olds than in the two younger age groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences in this respect were found between genders. Among the unmedicated subjects, 76-year-olds had significantly higher stimulated salivary flow rates than did the 81-year-olds (p < 0.05). Unmedicated women showed significantly lower unstimulated (p < 0.01) and stimulated flow rates than did men (p < 0.05). Stimulated salivary flow rate was also significantly higher in the 76-year-old medicated subjects than in the medicated 86-year-old subjects (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in unstimulated salivary flow rates among the three age groups. Medicated women showed significantly lower unstimulated salivary flow rates than men (p < 0.001), although the difference in stimulated saliva flow was not significant. A statistically significant difference in unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates was found between unmedicated persons and those who took from four to six, or more than seven, prescribed medications daily.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Yawanáwa medical system and its specialists: healing, power, and shamanic initiation].

A wide variety of terms are used in Yawanáwa shamanism to name both healers and the relations between these specialists and techniques of healing and aggression, a characteristic that appears heterogeneous and complex. However, there is unity behind this appearance, because all the techniques are based on the same concepts of power and knowledge. To show how these ideas are conceived by the Yawanáwa, this article explores the process by which power and knowledge are acquired: shamanic initiation.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of the software environment and data base concept in the Medical System Hannover. Decisions, plans and the gap between ideal and reality.

A long range development- and research-project like the MSH undergoes many changes and conversions. The experience with the last ten years of software development and application in the MSH showed the following trends: The emphasis shifted from optimal usage of the hardware resources towards saving of manpower. Efforts have therefore been made to standardize and generalize software as far as possible. The question of integrated versus dedicated systems remains an important and interesting area of research. New developments in software and hardware make it necessary to rethink yesterday's solutions and to adopt the application-concepts to the changing environment. This is a reactive process, but it offers the chance to develop, implement and evaluate new ideas and concepts. New decisions might become necessary in the near future in our (hospital) environment depending on software developments.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized acupuncture medical system.

Long-term experience of acupuncture applications at 9 specialized centers, and analysis of over 30,000 cases have allowed development of original algorithms for prescribing acupuncture therapy on the principles of "energetic" balance of meridians, functional indicators and specific effects of acupoints, anatomical location, segmental sensory innervation of pathological foci, and optimal combination of the corporeal acupoints with the microacupuncture systems. This served as the basis for the creation of computer software to increase the efficiency of acupuncture treatment used by a wide range of practitioners.

Acupuncture Therapy↗