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PubMed2002

The spiritual art of working with dreams.

As a holistic nurse, the author uses the concepts and processes of exploring clients' dreams to provoke in them an understanding of life's issues, including illness and injury. Dreams hold information about spiritual realities, self-development, mythological archetypal themes, and the health of mind and body. Dream research and contemporary techniques for remembering and analyzing dreams guide the author in the work necessary to help her clients achieve health and wholeness through a deeper understanding of themselves through dreams.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

A historical inquiry into the appropriateness of the term "panic disorder".

Panic disorder was introduced in the standard psychiatric nosology with the publication of the DSM-III in 1980. The myriad of earlier medical and psychiatric names describing anxiety attacks and related conditions were all abandoned, being housed under the term "panic attack and panic disorder". In this paper, the rationale and the appropriateness of this term are critically examined from a historical perspective. First, a brief historical account of anxiety that comes in the episodic form, and the medical and psychiatric terminology that emerged during the last two centuries regarding this condition, are presented. Next, the origins of the concept of panic as a collective or individual fear reaction are traced from a mythological and historical standpoint, up to its current, almost accidental, introduction into the official psychiatric diagnostic systems. Since the word "panic" has its roots in the Greek god Pan and the unpleasant states inflicted by him, this god is described, as well as St Gilles - also known as St Aegidios, the Athenian - the healing saint for those suffering from panic, honor and phobias. Finally, the current diagnostic features of panic disorder are systematically compared with the corresponding troubles inflicted on people by the mythical god Pan. It is concluded that the introduced term "panic" appropriately and successfully replaced the old ones.

History, 21st Century↗
PubMed1996

Provider choice: essential to autonomy or advertising gimmick?

Free choice of provider is heralded as a right of autonomy, but the goals of autonomy are better served in today's health care environment when there is informed choice of the care delivery system. The principle of liberty is distinguished from respect for autonomy. Free choice of provider would be demanded only by liberty, except that allocation of health care resources does not meet criteria for the application of liberty. Patients attempting to choose the best practitioner do not have data to support the decision. If data were available, access to these superior practitioners would become an allocation problem. A mythology of the wise practitioner fosters the concept of provider choice as a personal judgement about clinical knowledge. The emerging trends of collaborative care, standardization of practice guidelines and diversity of delivery systems among reimbursers create a situation where a patient's autonomy to choose goals for treatment is respected through the choice of delivery system.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1989

The heel of achilles: calcaneal avulsion fracture from a gunshot wound.

Greek mythology relates that the legendary warrior Achilles was made invincible by his mother Thetis, who dipped him in the River Styx while holding him by his heel. Because his heel was never immersed, it remained his one area of vulnerability. After the fall of Troy, Achilles met his demise when he was shot in the heel by Paris, whose arrow was guided by the Greek god Apollo. This is the derivation of the term "Achilles tendon." Avulsion fractures of the tuberosity of the calcaneus are rare injuries. Schonbauer reviewed a series of 870,000 accident cases treated at the Vienna Trauma Hospital and found only four such cases in addition to 151 cases of subcutaneous Achilles tendon rupture. In Bohler's series of 182 calcaneal fractures, avulsion of the calcaneal tuberosity accounted for less than 1% of these injuries. Rowe reported four Achilles avulsion fractures in his series of 154 calcaneal fractures. Three basic mechanisms of injury have been described: (1) dorsiflexion violence against the maximally plantarflexed foot, typically occurring in a fall from a height; (2) powerful contraction of the triceps surae muscle with simultaneous extension of the knee such as when a person is about to sprint in a race; (3) a direct blunt blow to the hindfoot. We are describing a case of avulsion of the calcaneal tuberosity due to direct penetrating trauma from a gunshot wound, a mechanism not previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Sita's Trousseau: restorative justice, domestic violence, and South Asian culture.

This article focuses on the particular cultural factors that affect South Asian women who are abused and immigrant South Asian women who are abused, in particular, in the restorative justice process. By exploring cultural practices and the icon of Sita, the mythological heroine of the Ramayana, this article demonstrates how the South Asian ideals of womanhood and wifehood help to create a mind-set whereby South Asian women are reluctant to advocate for themselves and are reluctant to leave. Such a condition is contrary to the conditions and abilities assumed by the restorative justice movement for dispute resolution, inside or outside of domestic violence. It is concluded that restorative justice options are ill-suited to application among immigrant South Asian communities for domestic violence cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Immortal ethics.

This article draws on ideas published in my "Intimations of Immortality" essay in Science (Vol. 288, No. 5463, p. 59, April 7, 2000) and my "Intimations of Immortality-The Ethics and Justice of Life Extending Therapies" in editor Michael Freeman's Current Legal Problems (Oxford University Press 2002: 65-97). This article outlines the ethical issues involved in life-extending therapies. The arguments against life extension are examined and found wanting. The consequences of life extension are explored and found challenging but not sufficiently daunting to warrant regulation or control. In short, there is no doubt that immortality would be a mixed blessing, but we should be slow to reject cures for terrible diseases that may be an inextricable part of life-extending procedures even if the price we have to pay for those cures is increasing life expectancy and even creating immortals. Better surely to accompany the scientific race to achieve immortality with commensurate work in ethics and social policy to ensure that we know how to cope with the transition to parallel populations of mortals and immortals as envisaged in mythology.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Alcohol and sexual behaviour.

Alcohol, the oldest drug known to the human race, is widely perceived to affect sexual behaviour. The general public, scientific, medical and judicial establishments share and express interest in the potential effects of alcohol on the sexual behaviour of individuals. The understanding of the current state of medical knowledge, regarding the effect of alcohol on sexual behaviour, is of particular interest for the development of sexually transmitted diseases control strategies, and may be called upon for investigating alleged assault and rape. The perceived effects are influenced by historical, mythological, cultural, religious, physiological, pharmacological, expectancy, personal and legislative factors. The potential effects are investigated through surveys, global/situational association studies and placebo-controlled experiments. This article provides a review of literature and a summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the correlation between alcohol and sexual behaviour.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding children with autism: exploding the myths.

The incidence of autism is increasing in both the USA and in Britain. There is still controversy over what causes autism and even greater controversy over selecting a preferred method of intervention and support (as there is no treatment for autism). Although there is now a general consensus that individuals may have a genetic predisposition to develop autism, it is also acknowledged that this may be off set by a range of environmental and/or biological factors. The understanding of the causation of autism is now considered in much the same way as we understand cerebral palsy, in that there can be a range of different reasons for causation and prevalence. This article, the first of two parts, will explore how an awareness and understanding of autism can enable nurses working with children with autism to provide more child-centred nursing care based on fact as opposed to stereotype and mythology surrounding autism. The second part will concentrate on adults with autism.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1989

Lesbian mothers and the motherhood hierarchy.

Societal values determine the appropriateness of motherhood. These values are reflected by a society that believes the married heterosexual woman to be the most appropriate to parent. It is these appropriate mothers who form the apex of a three-tiered hierarchy that consists of women who are defined as (a) most appropriate, (b) marginally appropriate, or (c) least appropriate. This paper explores lesbian motherhood within the social context of American society. The "motherhood hierarchy" is presented as a conceptual framework for viewing lesbian mothers, and evidence from the literature supporting the existence of this hierarchy is integrated throughout the discussion. Special attention is paid to the inappropriate mother, and focus is placed on the antilesbian mythology that supports it.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Fierce love and Fierce response: intervening in the cultural politics of race, sexuality, and AIDS.

In their performances of Fierce Love, the Pomo Afro Homos (Postmodern African American Homosexuals) enact some of the experiences of black gay men. Through performance, the trio intervenes in the prevailing mythologies around black and gay identities, but especially black gay identities, in the age of AIDS. This essay begins by examining two dominant productions in recent U.S. culture that display and proliferate anxieties about black gay bodies: John Guare's play Six Degrees of Separation and Magic Johnson's unsettling HIV disclosure. The Pomo Afro Homos address the phenomenon of containing black gay sexuality by insisting that the theatre and its inherent role in offering representations be seen as a viable site for contestation for black gay men.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

"That matter which ought not to be heard of": homophobic slurs in Renaissance cultural politics.

Starting with a poem for which the Reformed theologian Théodore de Bèze was attacked as a sodomite, this essay studies the nature of homophobic slurs leveled by Catholics against Protestants and by Protestants against Catholics in the period following the Reformation. More than just incidental attacks, slurs by such writers as Henri Estienne, John Bale, and John Jewel are found to be an integral part of a mythology that validated Protestantism in general and the English church in particular. But occasionally they are also used by Catholics as, for instance, by Jérôme Bolsec against Bèze and Gaspar Schoppe against King James I. Largely ignored by church historians, such slurs are shown to be part of an archaeology of homophobia.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2004

In the slammer: the myth of the prison in American gay pornographic video.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the significance of the prison scenario and its various permutations in the texts of American commercial pornographic video. The paper will identify the prison as a highly eroticised all male environment, an arena where the active/passive dichotomy of gay pornography is staged and re-staged. The significances of the prison are multiple. The prison draws on a gay mythology of homosexual desire that has its origins in sources as diverse as the literature of the Marquis de Sade and Jean Genet and the erotic illustrations of Tom of Finland and Etienne. Prison scenarios take many shapes in gay pornography such as the American penitentiary, the military brig, and the fantasised dungeon of the leatherman. I see these scenarios as performing an important function within gay porn by offering idealised spaces for the acts of pornography: voyeurism, narcissistic display and active/ passive role-play.

Erotica↗
PubMed2000

Myths of dental surgery in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.

BACKGROUND: Continuous anticoagulant therapy with warfarin is administered to prevent a variety of medical complications, including thromboembolisms and stroke. When patients receiving continuous anticoagulant therapy are scheduled for dental surgery, a decision must be made whether to continue or interrupt the anticoagulant therapy. METHODS: The author reviewed the literature, focusing on dental surgery in patients receiving continuous anticoagulant therapy and in patients whose anticoagulant therapy was withdrawn before they underwent dental procedures. RESULTS: Of more than 950 patients receiving continuous anticoagulant therapy (including many whose anticoagulation levels were well above currently recommended therapeutic levels) who underwent more than 2,400 surgical procedures, only 12 (< 1.3 percent) required more than local measures to control hemorrhage. Only three of these patients (< 0.31 percent) had anticoagulation levels within or below currently recommended therapeutic levels. Of 526 patients who experienced 575 interruptions of continuous anticoagulant therapy, five (0.95 percent) suffered serious embolic complications; four of these patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Serious embolic complications, including death, were three times more likely to occur in patients whose anticoagulant therapy was interrupted than were bleeding complications in patients whose anticoagulant therapy was continued (and whose anticoagulation levels were within or below therapeutic levels). Interrupting therapeutic levels of continuous anticoagulation for dental surgery is not based on scientific fact, but seems to be based on its own mythology. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Dentists should recommend that therapeutic levels of anticoagulation be continued for patients undergoing dental surgery. Practitioners should consult with the patient's physician if necessary to determine his or her level of anticoagulation before performing dental surgery.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2004

Hermaphroditus in Greco-Roman myth: lessons and hypotheses for intersex today.

This discussion reviews the Greco-Roman mythic origins of the eponymic Hermaphroditus. It reviews the two major tales, one Greek, the other from Ovid, regarding the origins of the sexual and gender predicament of Hermaphroditus. It explains the genealogy of Hermaphroditus in Greek mythology, and includes a discussion of Ovid's text on Hermaphroditus. A comparison of the two renditions offers the opportunity to reflect on who Hermaphroditus may have been, and to reflect on the implications of his nature. The discussion also attends to some of the ethical and emotional conflicts for the intersexed today. Finally, the discussion explores whether lessons from, and hypotheses regarding a mythic figure, such as Hermaphroditus, may provide guidance for intersexed individuals and their parents.

Disorders of Sex Development↗
PubMed2004

Artemisia Gentileschi and her world.

This article deals with one of the most notable artists of 17th century Italy: Artemisia Gentileschi. Gentileschi holds a unique place in art history, both as a woman artist and as the first female member of the Academy of Design in Florence. Brought up to be an artist by her father--the painter Orazio Gentileschi--she was allowed to work in his studio, use models, receive instruction and collaborate with well-known artists. Artemisia Gentileschi became a follower of the school of Caravaggio--the school's only Caravaggista. She began public life in a notorious way; her father had his colleague Tassi--her painting instructor--charged with raping her. The relationship between historical and art historical events in Gentileschi's lifetime and creative processes are explored. Special attention is given to those vicissitudes of Gentileschi's personal life that may be reflected through her work. Popular psychoanalytic conceptualizations about Gentileschi are discussed, as are mythological and biblical themes in her art.

Famous Persons↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Beliefs about nursing in the Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem: reflections on ideals, science, and art].

The inquiry of this study is the beliefs related to the nursing professional in the first decades of this activity in Brazil. The investigation presupposes that some of these beliefs are still current. The objective is to point out the beliefs expressed by Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brazilian Journal of Nursing) in 33 articles, during the period between 1932 (when the journal was created) and 1954. Five notions of the nursing professional were identified through the analyses of the symbology presented on the cover of the periodical--Egyptian mythology; ideal, science and art, inscribed in a triangle. The categories established for nurses were: self-forgetful, heroine, socially committed, mercenary and bad angel. Finally, the study proposes an interpretation to the ideas presented in the triangle.

Brazil↗
PubMed2025

Refinement of Poultry Standing in Japan Based on Recent Anthropo-ornithological Perspectives.

Poultry meat and eggs are important sources of high-quality animal protein worldwide. However, poultry in Japan has historically been regarded as a symbolic or spiritual entity more than as a food source, as its roles are deeply embedded in Japanese consciousness and society. Current evidence indicates that chickens first appeared in Japan during the Yayoi period, approximately 2,000 years ago, coinciding with a period of active human migration to the Japanese archipelago. Since then, poultry has played notable roles in Japanese art, literature, mythology, and folktales. Recent advancements in molecular clock analysis or the detection of genomic modifications, such as introgression, deletions, mutations, and viral infection from trace fossil/live samples necessitate the continual revision and refinement of existing theories about human and animal history across several academic disciplines. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to elucidate the distinct and multilayered relationship between humans and poultry in Japan, incorporating recent anthropological and ornithological perspectives.

Anthropology↗
PubMed2006

Development of quantitative structure-activity relationships and its application in rational drug design.

Over forty years have elapsed since Hansch and Fujita published their pioneering work of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Following the introduction of Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) by Cramer in 1998, other three-dimensional QSAR methods have been developed. Currently, combination of classical QSAR and other computational techniques at three-dimensional level is of greatest interest and generally used in the process of modern drug discovery and design. During the last several decades, a number of different mythologies incorporating a range of molecular descriptors and different statistical regression ways have been proposed and successfully applied in developing of new drugs, thus QSAR method has been proven to be indispensable in not only the reliable prediction of specific properties of new compounds, but also the help to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism of the receptor-ligand interactions. Here, we review the recent developments in QSAR and their applications in rational drug design, focusing on the reasonable selection of novel molecular descriptors and the construction of predictive QSAR models by the help of advanced computational techniques.

Acetolactate Synthase↗