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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Use of body-mind-spirit dimensions for the development of a wellness behavior and characteristic inventory for college students.

The purpose of this study was to use a body-mind-spirit model to measure wellness behaviors and characteristics and develop the Body-Mind-Spirit Wellness Behavior and Characteristic Inventory (BMS-WBCI) for college students. The first study of this two-part project included item generation and factor analysis using 1,000 college students with average loadings of .64, .51, and .58 for the Spirit, Mind, and Body factors, respectively. Using a minimum 4.0 Eigenvalue criterion, the factors accounted for 30% of item variance. The second study phase included validity testing using TestWell (college version), a meal screener, and construct physical activity question with 141 students. The BMS-WBCI dimensions had high, positive correlations with all appropriate TestWell subscales. The Body dimension significantly correlated with the By-Meal Screener and physical activity question. Factor split-half reliabilities ranged from .73 to .84 and alpha coefficients ranged from .75 to .92. Implications and utilization of the BMSWBCI for college students are discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Mindfulness and behavioral parent training: commentary.

We review the description of mindfulness-based parent training (MBPT) and the argument that mindfulness practice offers a way to bring behavioral parent training (BPT) in line with current empirical knowledge. The strength of the proposed MBPT model is the attention it draws to process issues in BPT. We suggest, however, that it may not be necessary to posit automatized transactional procedures in the parent-child interaction to justify the need for better delineation of therapist-parent communication in treatment. Empirically established behavioral processes may be used within BPT to accomplish parent-training goals similar to those proposed for mindfulness training. Yet, Dumas (2005) offers refreshing ideas for enhancing the therapeutic alliance and success with the parents of disruptive children.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The ubiquitin ligase Drosophila Mind bomb promotes Notch signaling by regulating the localization and activity of Serrate and Delta.

The receptor Notch and its ligands of the Delta/Serrate/LAG2 (DSL) family are the central components in the Notch pathway, a fundamental cell signaling system that regulates pattern formation during animal development. Delta is directly ubiquitinated by Drosophila and Xenopus Neuralized, and by zebrafish Mind bomb, two unrelated RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases with common abilities to promote Delta endocytosis and signaling activity. Although orthologs of both Neuralized and Mind bomb are found in most metazoan organisms, their relative contributions to Notch signaling in any single organism have not yet been assessed. We show here that a Drosophila ortholog of Mind bomb (D-mib) is a positive component of Notch signaling that is required for multiple Neuralized-independent, Notch-dependent developmental processes. Furthermore, we show that D-mib associates physically and functionally with both Serrate and Delta. We find that D-mib uses its ubiquitin ligase activity to promote DSL ligand activity, an activity that is correlated with its ability to induce the endocytosis and degradation of both Delta and Serrate (see also Le Borgne et al., 2005). We further demonstrate that D-mib can functionally replace Neuralized in multiple cell fate decisions that absolutely require endogenous Neuralized, a testament to the highly similar activities of these two unrelated ubiquitin ligases in regulating Notch signaling. We conclude that ubiquitination of Delta and Serrate by Neuralized and D-mib is an obligate feature of DSL ligand activation throughout Drosophila development.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The mind-brain relation and neuroscientific foundations: III. Brain and psychopathology, the split brain, and dreaming.

In addition to the findings of neuroscientific research on brain function, reviewed in the previous articles (Meissner, 2006a, 2006b), contemporary findings relevant to the mind-brain relation derive also from the study of the underlying patterns of brain dysfunction related to various forms of psychopathology. Other information derives from study of split-brain conditions and from research on dream processes and their relation to brain mechanisms. Review of these research findings casts further light on aspects of the mind-brain relation and further substantiates a unified theory of mind-brain integration.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

Psychoanalysis and the mind-body relation: Psychosomatic perspectives.

Psychosomatic medicine has been historically an important focus for psychoanalytic theorizing. The mind-body relation has special relevance for understanding psychosomatic conditions because psychological and psychodynamic factors are so intimately intertwined with physiological parameters that they cannot for all practical purposes be disentangled. Dualistic impressions of mind and body have given way to more integrated perspectives in which psychic and bodily processes are conceived of as operating within the same conceptual framework. Implications of a more integrated view of the mind-body relation are discussed in relation to emotions and psychosomatic symptoms, development of psychosomatic vulnerabilities, somatization, and alexithymia.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2000

Split-brain basics: relevance for the concept of one's other mind.

Frontal and horizontal sections of the cerebrum make plain that with a few exceptions (pineal, pituitary) all structures are paired. Hemicerebrectomy has made clear that only one member of the hemispheric pair suffices to sustain the sentiments, emotions, memories, and intentions both conscious and unconscious that we call in the aggregate, mind. That the anatomical duality can sustain a duality of mentation is evident from not only the split-brain results in all species examined but also the results of appropriate testing of anatomically intact individuals. There is no physiological evidence for a plurality of mind beyond duality. Psychoanalytic views of mind can benefit from revision in the light of the split-brain studies. But such revisions seem slight compared with improvements needed in the views prevalent among most other psychologic and philosophic theorists.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Differences in visual sensitivity among mindfulness meditators and non-meditators.

Tachistoscopic presentation of light flashes was used to test for differences in visual sensitivity among 3 groups of practitioners of Buddhist mindfulness meditation and non-meditator-controls. Meditation practitioners were able to detect light flashes of shorter duration than the non-meditators. There were no differences among the meditator groups. There were no differences among the groups in ability to discriminate between closely spaced successive light flashes. The lower detection threshold for single light flashes for the meditators may reflect an enduring increase in sensitivity, perhaps the long-term effects of the practice of mindfulness meditation on certain perceptual habit patterns. The lack of significant differences in the discrimination of successive light flashes probably reflects the resistance of other perceptual habit patterns to modification. The results support the statements found in Buddhist texts on meditation concerning the changes in perception encountered during the practice of mindfulness.

Buddhism↗
PubMed2006

Developmental order driving the relationship between executive functions and theory of mind: a case study.

Several studies have suggested there is a developmental link between executive functions and theory of mind. However, the developmental order driving the relationship is not well understood. The main reason is that the development of executive function parallels the development of theory of mind in normally developing children. In this paper, a case (H.Y.) is reported. H.Y. had lived in a persistent vegetative state for 6 years after encephalitis at the age of 10. He showed a developmental order driving the relationship between executive functions and theory of mind. These findings are consistent with recent suggestions that development of executive function might be important as a predecessor of either the ability to understand false beliefs or the ability to express that understanding.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Continued pregnancy among abortion applications. A study of women having a change of mind.

OBJECTIVE: A certain proportion of women applying for legal abortion later change their minds. The present study was designed to ascertain whether such women differ from those who choose to terminate their pregnancy, with regard to age, civil status, other demographic characteristics, or reproductive history. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: All 1,446 abortion applicants attending the abortion clinic at University Hospital Malmö, in 1989. STUDY DESIGN: A comparison of the women who continued the pregnancy and those who underwent abortion, with regard to the above mentioned factors. METHODS: Semistructured interviews and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of this series of urban abortion applicants, almost one in ten underwent a change of mind. Women who chose to continue their pregnancy differed from those who held fast to their initial decision above all with regard to age and family situation. Less important was education, reproductive history, and stated reasons for abortion. CONCLUSIONS: To answer the question why some women continue an unwanted pregnancy after a closer consideration is not easy. The complexity of a woman's feeling in the matter seems to be moderated by the kind of support and stability she has in her life situation and also of the stability in relation to her partner. An equally important question is whether this change of mind is associated with a changed attitude to the expected baby (i.e., does an unwanted child become a wanted one?).

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed2004

Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students?

This pilot study of baccalaureate nursing students explored the effects of an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course on stress and empathy. The course was intended to provide students with tools to cope with personal and professional stress and to foster empathy through intrapersonal knowing. A convenience sample of 16 students participated in the course, used guided meditation audiotapes at home, and completed journal assignments. Stress and empathy were measured using paired sample t tests. Participation in the intervention significantly reduced students' anxiety (p > .05). Favorable trends were observed in a number of stress dimensions including attitude, time pressure, and total stress. Two dimensions of empathy--personal distress and fantasy--also demonstrated favorable downward trends. Regular home meditation was correlated with additional benefit. Participants reported using meditation in daily life and experiencing greater well-being and improved coping skills as a result of the program. Findings suggest that being mindful may also decrease tendencies to take on others' negative emotions. Coping with stress and fostering the affective domain are important facets of nursing education that may be facilitated by mindfulness training.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

[Young children's representational theory of mind in understanding masked facial expression].

In this study, development of young children's understandings of masked facial expression was examined from the perspective of the development of "theory of mind". In Experiment 1, short stories in which one character masks facial expressions to make another character have false beliefs were presented to 3-, 4-, and 6-year-old. They were asked questions to assess their judgements on various mental states (desire, belief, and intention) of story characters. And, to assess children's "representational theory of mind", they performed a "Smaties Task". The results showed that recognition of masked facial expression was developed from 3 to 4 years. Scores on "Smaties Task" was also improved during the same period. An additional analysis showed that the major determinant of to determine the understanding of masked facial expression was not the age but the possession of "representational theory of mind". In Experiment 2 more sophisticated but similar type of procedures were presented to 3- and 4-year-old children. Results replicated the results in Experiment 1 and the understanding of the intention of characters was also found to develop from 3 to 4 years.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[The measurement of maternal mind-mindedness: its relation to mother-infant interaction in natural settings].

The purpose of this study was to construct an original video-based measurement of maternal mind-mindedness (MM). MM is mother's proclivity to treat her infant as an individual with mind (Meins, 1997). Participants were 38 mothers and their six-month-old infants. The results of assessment suggested that there were large individual differences not only in frequency of maternal mental attributions, but also in the specific contents that mothers read from the filmed infants' behaviors. Moreover, it was revealed that these individual differences in MM were related to mother-infant interaction styles in natural settings, especially maternal comments on infant's internal state and the followings of infant's attention. Finally, the usefulness of this measurement in examining the effect of MM on the child's development of mind understanding was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Derangement of the mind in the Paracelsus tract "Liber de lunaticis Theophrasti"].

In a treatise "Liber de lunaticis Theophrasti" Paracelsus describes his view of "lunatici". These are men, inflicted by a psychopathological process, that gradually destroys their minds. He develops his argumentation on the base of iatroastrological, new-neoplatonistical and Christian thoughts. In his view man is a microcosm in macrocosm and a trichotomically organized being. Man is influenced by three lights. These lights are representing three levels of vitalisation, knowledge and cognition. According to this, man consists of the body (corresponding to the level of visible material light), the soul (corresponding to the invisible astral-sidereal light of the firmamental macrocosm) and the spirit (corresponding to the light of Christ and the divine-Christian sphere of spiritual light). The origin of lunatic confusion of the mind is caused by the intrinsically motivated intention of man (representing the microcosm) to shift his spiritual focus from the protective sphere of spiritual light to the sphere of astral-sidereal macrocosmic emanations. The latter have a deteriorative influence on man's mind, due to the lack of guidance of man's consciousness by the spiritual light. Paracelsus describes the individual and sociological effects of lunatic confusion. These effects may range from personal confusion up to the aggregation of lunatics in ideologically coordinated groups of fanatics, displaying wrong teachings, dissensions and even warfare and homicide. Concerning the therapy of "lunatici" Paracelsus develops ideas, which show a resemblance towards integrative and holistic tendencies of our days discussed in the field of Psychoanalysis, Behavioral Medicine and "Holistic Health Medicine". In general the Paracelsian concept of lunatic deterioration can be regarded as an historic example that deals with an integrative approach towards the description of psychiatric disorders.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed1999

[Alzheimer's disease: cerebral illness or the illness of the mind?].

The use of considering Alzheimer's disease as a "primary degenerative dementia" prevails and the disease is thus considered of purely cerebral origin without taking into account the possible effects of the minds of subjects designated Alzheimer sufferers and/or the communicational and relational disorders which may develop between the patient and others. This perspective, which considers the totality of the dementia as a biological phenomenon while overlooking the fact that the human being is also a being of language appears like an act of iatrogenic censure. A consequence of the fear of death so present in our thanatophobic culture, it is related to negation of the elderly subject, too patently mortal, to be recognized and accepted as similar to us. This refusal to identify induces processes of intra-psychic and inter-individual abjection commanded by horror and repulsion. These processes act on all our minds and result in the development of Alzheimer-type dementia syndromes in certain subjects. In this sociopsychogenetic context, the syndromes appear secondary to disorders of identification. The elderly person, denied by those like him and by himself as the image and symbol of death, must live a veritable stage of the disappearing mirror. In contrast to what occurs at the time of the "Lacanian mirror stage" in the child, the elderly subject is pushed out of the symbolic field and towards dementia. Taking the metaphor "senile shipwreck", the author invites the reader to rethink dementia not as a simple cerebral deterioration but rather as a complex disease which is both a disease of the brain and a disease of the mind.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2002

Psychosocial genomics: gene expression, neurogenesis, and human experience in mind-body medicine.

This paper introduces the new scientific discipline of psychosocial genomics as an emerging area in the foundations of mind-body medicine. Psychosocial genomics brings together a variety of interdisciplinary fields ranging from studies of stress, psychosomatics, psychoimmunology, and psychoendocrinology to the deep psychobiology of creativity, optimal performance, dreaming, art, ritual, culture, and spiritual life. The focus of psychosocial genomics is on creating new models of how the levels of gene expression, neurogenesis, and healing are interrelated as a complex, adaptive system with the levels of human experiencing, behavior, and consciousness. Ongoing research in psychosocial genomics is presented to illustrate how this complex adaptive system operates in the theory and practice of alternative and complementary mind-body medicine and psychotherapy on all levels, from mind to gene.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Stress-induced alternative gene splicing in mind-body medicine.

Recent research documents how psychosocial stress can alter the expression of the acetylcholinesterase gene to generate at least 3 alternative proteins that are implicated in a wide variety of normal mind-body functions, as well as pathologies. These range from early embryological development, plasticity of the brain in adulthood, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and stress-associated dysfunctions of the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, to age-related neuropathologies. Such stress-induced alternative gene splicing is proposed here as a major mind-body pathway of psychosocial genomics-the modulation of gene expression by creative psychological, social, and cultural processes. We explore the types of research that are now needed to investigate how stress-induced alternative splicing of the acetylcholinesterase gene may play a pivotal role in the deep psychobiology of psychotherapy, meditation, spiritual rituals, and the experiencing of positive humanistic values that have been associated with mind-body medicine, such as compassion, beneficence, serenity, forgiveness, and gratitude.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2004

MEG analysis of "theory of mind" in emotional vignettes comprehension.

OBJECTIVE: Several studies suggested that an impaired "theory of mind" might play a key role in psychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. Medial frontal lobe lesions of the right frontal lobe were reported to impair this ability. The aim of our study was to locate areas of the brain associated with the process of "theory of mind" in normal subjects. METHODS: In order to index the activity of brain areas related to "theory of mind" reasoning in sixteen normal adults, we administered an emotional ("happy", "sad", "angry" and "neutral") vignettes comprehension task during magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings and analyzed these data by using SAM (synthetic aperture magnetometry), SPM99 and the permutation method. Subjects were presented with eight different videotaped social situations (each emotion has two vignettes) and were asked to indicate which emotion they represented. RESULTS: Statistically significant activation in the comparison of "happy"-"sad" and "angry"-"sad" was observed in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortices in the alpha frequency band. There were no significant differences in comparisons of each type of emotional vignette to the neutral vignettes, "happy"-"angry" comparison, and male-female comparisons. There was no significant difference in other frequency bands. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that bilateral medial prefrontal cortex are involved in the comprehension of emotional states of others.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The mind -- body problem].

In this paper I present, in the first place, two of the main problems in the philosophy of mind: 1) the problem of the criteria of the mental, and 2) the problem of the relationship between the mental and the physical. In the last part, I mention two problems highly discussed nowadays which, in my view, will produce the most important advance in the knowledge of our minds in the next decades: the problem of consciousness and its neural basis, and the problem of the origin and development of a theory of mind.

Brain↗