Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lymphatic Abnormalities”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Lymphoscintigraphy in patients with lymphedema. A new approach using intradermal injections of technetium-99m human serum albumin.

Forty cases were examined by a new lymphoscintigraphic approach using intradermal injections of Tc-99m human serum albumin (HSA). Thirty-three patients had lymphedema due to the metastases of a malignant tumor and/or the dissection of lymph nodes. The others were control patients without lymphedema. With the assistance of a computer, sequential images and time-activity curves of tracer activity in the lymph nodes and the soft tissue were obtained at 30 minutes after injection. An image of the axillary or inguinal lymph nodes was identified 2-6 minutes after injection in control cases. Four main abnormal findings, the delayed appearance of radioactivity and interruption of the lymphatic system, the collateral pathways, and the retrograde lymphatic flow were observed clearly, as was the nonvisualization of the lymph nodes. These abnormalities were observed in a high percentage of patients with moderate lymphedema, as compared with a low percentage of patients with slight lymphedema. The collateral pathways could not be observed in patients with severe lymphedema. Imaging with Tc-99m HSA was considered to be more useful than other techniques, including radiocolloid lymphoscintigraphy, for examining patients with lymphedema.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous manifestations and massive genital involvement in Hennekam syndrome.

We describe a 16-year-old boy with intestinal lymphangiectasia, lymphedema of the limbs and genitalia, mild mental retardation, and facial anomalies (Hennekam syndrome) and cutaneous lesions. Severe edema in the genital area created a gigantic mass that included the scrotum and penis. Numerous grouped red-violaceous pseudo-vesicular lesions and plaques, as well as verrucous brown papules, were present on the penis and scrotum. The prepuce was hypertrophic, with severe phimosis. Histologic analysis revealed dilated lymphatic vessels lined by a discontinuous layer of flat endothelial cells in the papillary dermis and extending down to the reticular dermis. Dilated blood vessels were also present but no cellular abnormalities were identified. A diagnosis of superficial cutaneous lymphatic malformations was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed cutaneous histologic investigation in a patient with Hennekam syndrome. We assume that the onset of cutaneous lesions in our patient was likely triggered by a generalized worsening of his lymphedema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Do retroperitoneal vascular abnormalities influence the operability of metastasizing testicular tumors?].

The lymphatic drainage of the testis is closely related topographically to the large retroperitoneal vessels. In retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RLA), the surgeon therefore takes the vessel topography as his point of orientation. Typical vascular findings, deviated from the norm, of altogether 285 lymphadenectomies (Jan. 1966-Dec. 1980) are described. The vascular variations do not influence the radicality of the operation. Knowledge of these variations help to prevent vascular lesions. On the other hand, infiltrations of larger vessels entail an extension of the operation. Involvement of the renal vessels (walling in, infiltration) may necessitate nephrectomy. Infiltrations of the wall of the aorta, vena cava or the pelvic vessels are resected and sutured according to the rules of vascular surgery. Involvement of infrarenal and unilateral renal vessels may not be allowed to impede radical extirpation of the tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Chromosomal abnormalities associated with neck nodal metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Neck lymphatic metastasis represents the single most important clinical prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but underlying genetic mechanisms remain ill defined. In this study 23 samples of primary tumor (PT) and 9 of neck lymph node metastasis (NLNM) obtained from NPC patients were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) coupled with tissue microdissection and degenerate oligonucleotide primer-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR). A similar pattern of chromosomal abnormalities was seen in PT and NLNM, the common aberrations were gains on 5p, 12p, 12q and 18p and deletions on 1p, 3p, 9q, 14q, 17p and 16q. However, NLNMs, but not PTs, also exhibited frequent losses on 9p, 16p, 17q, 20q, 21p, 21q and 22q and gains on 8q and 8p. The most frequent unique aberration in NLNMs was loss on 16p, observed in 100% (9/9) NLNMs tested, as well as loss of 20q, observed in 77.8% of tumors tested. For the first time, we report that a gain on 8p and a loss at 20q is common to NLNMs. The analysis furthermore suggests that specific alterations, e.g. losses of 9p, 16p, 7q, 20q, 21p, 21q, 22q and gains on 8q and 8p are associated with NLNM of NPC, and that these alterations may be involved in the onset and/or progression of a metastatic phenotype.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1986

Kaposi's sarcoma. Origin and significance of lymphaticovenous connections.

Review of histopathological material in nine autopsies and 35 skin biopsy specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma in male homosexuals suggested that aberrant lymphaticovenous connections occur in the earliest stage of the Kaposi lesion. Venular glomeruloid structures in the dermis and their analogous radial venolymphatic channels in medium-sized and larger veins signified coupling of the lymphatic and venous systems, a characteristic previously noted in angiographic studies and considered to be unique in Kaposi's sarcoma. Lymphatic channels penetrated veins selectively rather than arteries, particularly in deep fat, liver, gastrointestinal submucosa and the hilum of lymph nodes. The initiation of the Kaposi lesion thus may be an abnormal recapitulation of the coupling of venous and lymphatic systems which occurs during embryonic growth. A chronological staging scheme is used which proposes lymphaticovenous union as the initial morphological differentiating event. The precise origin of the characteristic spindle cells in the developing lesion remains unclear, although convergent differentiation of lymphatic and blood vascular endothelium may be considered. Alteration of the microcirculation, particularly that distal to the capillary bed, may explain several of the histopathological and haemodynamic features of Kaposi's sarcoma, including lesional thrombosis and infarction, tissue haemorrhage, vascular dilatation, cavernous pseudoangiomas and acute right-sided heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Chyloptysis in adults: presentation, recognition, and differential diagnosis.

Chyloptysis is a rare finding, and the accompanying respiratory symptoms are usually nonspecific. The recognition of the chylous nature of the sputum is requisite for proper diagnosis, especially if chyloptysis is not accompanied by chylous pleural effusion. The key to the differential diagnosis of chyloptysis is to consider illnesses that can induce reflux of chyle into the bronchial tree. There are two mechanisms postulated: the first requires the presence of an abnormal communication between the bronchial tree and the lymphatic channels, and the second requires a bronchopleural fistula in the context of a chylous pleural effusion. Chyloptysis in adults should prompt assessment for evidence of lymphatic obstruction from trauma, radiation, and malignancy, and to exclude diseases with known association with chyloptysis, ie, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, yellow nail syndrome, or thoracic lymphangiectasis. A lymphangiogram is recommended to define the abnormality. In the case of lymphangiectasis, patients respond to either dietary modification and/or ligation of the thoracic duct.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nuchal edema and venous-lymphatic phenotype disturbance in human fetuses and mouse embryos with aneuploidy.

OBJECTIVE: Nuchal edema (NE) is a clinical indicator for aneuploidy, cardiovascular anomalies, and several genetic syndromes. Its etiology, however, is unknown. In the nuchal area, the endothelium of the jugular lymphatic sacs (JLS) develops by budding from the blood vascular endothelium of the cardinal veins. Abnormal distension of the jugular sacs is associated with NE. We hypothesize that a disturbed lymphatic endothelial differentiation and sac formation causes NE. We investigated endothelial differentiation of the jugular lymphatic system in human and mouse species with NE. METHODS: Aneuploid human fetuses (trisomy 21; trisomy 18) were compared with euploid controls (gestational age 12 to 18 weeks). Trisomy 16 mouse embryos were compared with wild type controls (embryonic day 10 to 18). Trisomy 16 mice are considered an animal model for human trisomy 21. Endothelial differentiation was investigated by immunohistochemistry using lymphatic markers (prox-1, podoplanin, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor [LYVE]-1) and en blood vessel markers (neuropilin [NP]-1 and ligand vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) was included as a smooth muscle cell marker. RESULTS: We report a disturbed venous-lymphatic phenotype in aneuploid human fetuses and mouse embryos with enlarged jugular sacs and NE. Our results show absent or diminished expression of the lymphatic markers Prox-1 and podoplanin in the enlarged jugular sac, while LYVE-1 expression was normal. Additionally, the enlarged JLS showed blood vessel characteristics, including increased NP-1 and VEGF-A expression. The lumen contained blood cells and smooth muscle cells lined the wall. CONCLUSION: A loss of lymphatic identity seems to be the underlying cause for clinical NE. Also, abnormal endothelial differentiation provides a link to the cardiovascular anomalies associated with NE.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2001

Pulmonary vascular imaging.

This article is a pictorial review of the major abnormalities of the pulmonary vessels in children. Vascular, including lymphatic malformations have been covered in previous issues of this journal and so will not be described in detail. Many pulmonary vascular abnormalities are associated with complex intracardiac disorders. This article, however, focuses on extra cardiac abnormalities, particularly those causing pulmonary parenchymal problems.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

Lymphatic subpopulations and their transition in myocardial tissue and peripheral blood of patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis.

To determine abnormal immune regulation in biopsy-proven active and healed myocarditis cases, lymphatic subpopulations in myocardial tissue and peripheral blood were studied. Among 53 cases examined, 19 were active myocarditis (M) and 34 were healing or healed (HM). Five cases of myocarditis were studied sequentially. The percentages of pan T-cells, B-cells, helper/inducer T-cells (Th/i), suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells (Ts/c), etc per total marker positive cells were calculated by use of monoclonal antibodies. In myocardial tissue, the percentage of Th/i was significantly lower in HM than M (p less than 0.01). The helper/suppressor ratio (OKT4/8) in peripheral blood was 2.43 +/- 0.43 (mean +/- SE) in M, 1.61 +/- 0.19 in HM and 1.34 +/- 0.12 in age-matched controls. In 5 progressive studied cases of M, there was a decrease of the helper/suppressor ratio at 1 to 6 months after the myocarditis. It was concluded that subsidence of the immune reaction in myocardium is related to the healing process of myocarditis and may suggest improved prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Periorbital lymphatic malformation: clinical course and management in 42 patients.

Lymphatic malformation in the orbital cavity and surrounding region often causes disfigurement and visual problems. To better clarify the evolution and treatment of this condition, the authors studied a retrospective cohort of 42 consecutive patients seen between 1971 and 2003 and analyzed anatomic features, complications, and management. The ratio of female to male patients was 1:1. Most periorbital lymphatic malformations were noted at birth (59 percent), presenting as either unilateral swelling (60 percent) or a periorbital mass (24 percent). Sixty-two percent of lesions were on the left side. The ipsilateral cheek, temple, and forehead also were involved in 57 percent of patients. Twenty-two percent of lesions were intraconal, 30 percent were extraconal, and 48 percent were in both spaces. Forty-five percent of children had an associated cerebral developmental venous anomaly. Periorbital lymphatic malformation caused major morbidity; 52 percent of patients had intralesional bleeding and 26 percent of patients had a history of infection. Other common complications included intermittent swelling (76 percent), blepharoptosis (52 percent), proptosis (45 percent), pain (21 percent), amblyopia (33 percent), chemosis (19 percent), astigmatism (17 percent), and strabismus (7 percent). Ultimately, 40 percent of children had diminished vision and 7 percent became blind in the affected eye. Management of periorbital lymphatic malformation involved an interdisciplinary team that included an interventional radiologist, a craniofacial surgeon, and an ophthalmologist. The two therapeutic strategies were sclerotherapy (40 percent) and resection (57 percent); most patients required several interventions. A coronal approach was used for subtotal excision of fronto-temporal-orbital lymphatic malformation in 13 patients, whereas a tarsal incision was used for lesions isolated to the eyelid (n = 14). Ocular proptosis was temporarily managed by tarsorrhaphy (n = 9), but expansion of the bony orbit was needed to correct persistent proptosis (n = 8). Orbital exenteration was necessary in two patients.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

[Chyluria caused by congenital retroperitoneal lymphangiectasis].

A Dutch woman with non-parasitic chyluria is described. Lymphangiography and abdominal CT demonstrated retroperitoneal lymphangiectasis, dilated and tortuous lymphatic ducts around the right pyelocaliceal system and contrast in the bladder. The thoracic duct was patient. There were no metabolic or immunological abnormalities. The aetiology was probably congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. The treatment was conservative.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Heterogenicity of Gorham-Stout syndrome: association with lymphatic and venous malformations].

INTRODUCTION: Gorham-Stout syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by osteolysis and microscopic proliferation of abnormal vessels. We report two cases of this syndrome associated with lymphatic and venous malformations. CASE REPORTS: The first case is a 5-year-old boy with disseminated lymphangiomatosis of poor prognosis, with significant pleural involvement and osteolytic lesions. The second case is a 5-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome with significant skeletal involvement of the lower extremities and secondary pathological fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Gorham-Stout syndrome may occasionally be associated with various lymphatic and venous malformations. Osteolysis and bone resorption may be induced by lymphatic bone involvement.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1965

An electron microscope study of lymphatic tissue in runt disease.

The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes were studied in runt disease induced by a graft of intravenously injected homologous splenic cells into newborn rats and mice. Adult Long-Evans cells (70 x 10(6)) were injected into Sprague-Dawley rats. Adult DBA cells (7 x 10(6)) were injected into C57BL/6 mice. Runted rats were sacrificed at 14 to 28 days of age; mice at 10 to 20 days. The thymic cortex is depleted of small lymphocytes. Those remaining are severely damaged and phagocytized. Evidence of damage includes swelling of mitochondria, myelin figure formation, margination of chromatin, and sharp angulation in nuclear contour. Large numbers of macrophages are present. Epithelial-reticular cells which envelop small cortical blood vessels are often retracted, with the result that the most peripheral layer in the thymic-blood barrier suffers abnormally large gaps. Lymphocytes of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths of spleen and of the cortex of lymph nodes are reduced in number and damaged. Vast numbers of plasma cells and many lymphocytes are evident throughout lymph nodes, in the periarterial lymphatic sheaths, and in the marginal zone and red pulp of the spleen. Plasma cells are of different sizes, the larger having dilated sacs of endoplasmic reticulum. Lymphocytes are small to medium in size. They contain, in varying quantity, ribosomes and smooth membrane-bounded cytoplasmic vesicles approximately 350 to 500 A in diameter. Most plasma cells and lymphocytes are damaged and many of these are phagocytized. Many lymphocytes in lymph nodes, however, show no evidence of damage. Reticular cells and other fixed cells of the connective tissues seldom appear affected. Thus, the major cell types reacting in runt disease are lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes or macrophages. It appears, therefore, that both the delayed and immediate types of sensitivity play a part in this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Report of two sibs with Knobloch syndrome (encephalocoele and viteroretinal degeneration) and other anomalies.

We report on two sibs with high myopia, vitreoretinal degeneration (VRD), and occipital encephalocoele or scalp lesion. We review the literature on Knobloch syndrome, discuss possible causes, and suggest a possible involvement of mesoderm in the morphogenesis. One case presents with very early onset of severe eye disease, whereas the other is notable for the very mild scalp defect. In addition, both appear to have an unusual pulmonary lymphatic condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Lymphographic changes in young dogs after transplantation with adult worms of Dirofilaria immitis into the abdominal cavity.

Serial lymphographic studies were made in 4 dogs transplanted with adult worms of Dirofilaria immitis. Several changes of the lymphatic systems of the treated dogs such as dilatation, narrowing, tortuosity, backflow, collateral flow, leakage and lymphorrhea of lymphatics, as well as enlargement and filling defect of lymphnodes were observed at first 2 months after transplantation, comparing with the lymphograms before transplantation. Lymphographies were repeated further 4 and 7 months after transplantation. In our previous studies, the mechanism of chyluria due to human filariasis was not sufficiently explained beyond the speculation of the mechanical obstruction of lymphatic vessels by worm bodies. In the present studies, varied abnormal changes, especially back and collateral flow of the lymph vessels of popliteal and inguinal regions, could be produced in lymphatic systems in dogs by transplantation with adult worms of Dirofilaria immitis into peritoneal cavity. This fact suggests that a mechanism of filarial chyluria is due to systemic responses and changes of the lymphatics by substance of the body of filarial worms.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Lymphatics in leprosy: relationship to elastic fibres and observations following intra-lesional injections of colloidal carbon.

An investigation of skin lymphatics in leprosy has been undertaken. Examination of 62 skin biopsies from 31 patients with various classifications of leprosy has revealed dilated initial lymphatics within granulomas of lepromatous leprosy, but no significant abnormalities in non-lepromatous disease or in non-granulomatous skin. Colloidal carbon injected intra-lesionally failed to appear within granulomas, but could be seen in lymphatics in non-granulomatous dermis. Elastic fibres were also absent within granulomas. AFB were clearly identified within endothelial cells of initial lymphatics. We suggest lymphatic malfunction may be compartmental, existing only within the granulomas and not in the surrounding normal appearing dermis.

Carbon↗