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PubMed2004

[Contemporary understanding of stress].

The article presents contemporary depiction of the issue of stress. High prevalence of stress in our life unsurprisingly results in the fact that it has become a subject of scientific research. The problem unites representatives of various human related sciences, mainly medicine, sociology and psychology. The contemporary understanding of stress focuses on formulating it as a complex relation between an individual and surrounding world. This approach indicates both situational and individual conditions of stress as well as mutual connections between the two areas.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a comprehensive cancer center rehabilitation program.

As more oncology care is provided in the outpatient setting, cancer centers and oncology healthcare professionals are presented with greater opportunities to substantially enhance the quality of care given to patients. A diagnosis of cancer is a life-changing event that has many implications for the patient, as well as his or her family members. The stress of dealing with a new cancer diagnosis and the ensuing medical treatment can be overwhelming. Treatment for cancer may involve complex protocols, leaving patents mentally and physically exhausted. A multidisciplinary approach to the primary treatment plan-surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy--is the standard of care. However, formalized rehabilitation programs for this patient population are unique. Many facilities rely on a centralized rehabilitation department within a medical center to meet the needs of oncology patients. Although this is the traditional approach, the growing complexity of cancer treatment provides an opportunity to enhance the rehabilitation process. The Gibbs Regional Cancer Center (GRCC), which is a part of Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, teamed up with the hospital rehabilitation department to create a venue specifically designed for oncology patients. Described within this article is the developmental process of the GRCC Rehabilitation Program.

Cancer Care Facilities↗
PubMed2004

["Heart attack in humans"--the health belief model in comparison with the health reality of patients with myocardial infarction].

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the direct cause of 40% of all deaths, independently of the high standard of medical treatment. The main aim of the study was to define the relationship between the declarative health model (declarations) and the real health activity of the sufferers (realization). The research was performed on 107 patients after acute MI, hospitalized in the Cardiology Department Medical University of Silesia. They were questioned in direct interviews. In addition, the modified form of Shalit's circle was applied. The results indicated the coexistence of two health models of patients. In declarations, there is a model of person with interior attribution of MI (90.65%) that has a feeling of ability to influence his/her health (e.g. through the lifestyle: 63.55%; an individual's character: 41.12%). In realization, there is a model of sick patient with exterior attribution of heart attack (e.g. political and economic crisis, innate predisposition). A similar tendency in the perception of health factors and planning of changes after MI was observed. For instance, 50.47% patients talked about "the increase caution" or "slowing down" as a new planned form of activity. Moreover, of 92% patients who have the social support only 33.64% consider that as an important factor for health. The results suggest a divergence between declarations and real health activity. The launched health model of beliefs seems to be too costly and not attractive enough. Taking into consideration the complete risk factors in MI and making the proposed health belief system more accessible seem to be essential for creating an adequate prevention program.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Pathogenesis of bipolar disorders: genetic vulnerability and environmental factors].

It is now well-established that there is a genetic vulnerability for developing bipolar disorders. For instance, the rate of bipolar disorders in first degree relatives of bipolar probands (19%) is higher than in the general population (1%); monozygote twins have higher concordance rates for bipolar diseases (67%) than dizygote (19%); finally affective disorders are more frequent in biological parents than in adoptive parents in adopted bipolar patients. However, currently genes predisposing for the disease are not known, in part because bipolar disorders are very heterogeneous. New research strategies should be developed based on more homogeneous groups of patients defined by the presence of "candidate symptoms" or by the evidence of endophenotypes in healthy relatives. However, it is clear now that there is an interaction between the genetic vulnerability and environmental factors in the aetiology and course of the disorder. Environmental factors have been neglected for a long time because bipolar disorder was considered an endogenous disease. Thus, very recently, studies have shown that early trauma could contribute to the occurrence or the severity of the disease. During a lifetime, many environmental components (stressful life events, changes in daily schedules, drug abuse, some medications) could also trigger the onset of the pathology or the occurrence of new episodes. It is very important to recognize these factors in order to develop preventive strategies for limiting their impact.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac rehabilitation for women: one size does not fit all.

AIM: To investigate women's perceptions of the contribution of cardiac rehabilitation to their recovery from a myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardiac rehabilitation programs have been based on research with almost exclusively male participants. It was unclear if cardiac rehabilitation programs meet the needs of women. METHOD: Ten women who had experienced one or more myocardial infarctions were interviewed. Data from these interviews were analysed using Glaserian grounded theory. FINDINGS: The core category that emerged from the data was 'regaining everydayness'. Participants worked to regain their 'everydayness' through a basic social process of 'reframing'. Reframing involved coming to terms with what they had experienced and fitting it into their lives. Other categories related to symptom recognition and recovery. CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation programs contributed to overall recovery from a myocardial infarction in different ways for each participant. Although programs provided information for participants, they failed to provide the type of support needed to effectively aid reframing and recovery. Programs did not meet the needs of all participants and it was apparent that one size does not fit all.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Medicare Part B income-related monthly adjustment amount. Final rules.

We are adding to our regulations a new subpart, Medicare Part B Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount, to contain the rules we will follow for Medicare Part B income-related monthly adjustment amount determinations. The monthly adjustment amount represents the amount of decrease in the Medicare Part B premium subsidy, i.e. the amount of the Federal Government's contribution to the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund. This new subpart implements section 811 of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (the Medicare Modernization Act or MMA) and contains the rules for determining when, based on income, a monthly adjustment amount will be added to a Medicare Part B beneficiary's standard monthly premium. These final rules describe: What the new subpart is about; what information we will use to determine whether you will pay an income-related monthly adjustment amount and the amount of the adjustment when applicable; when we will consider a major life-changing event that results in a significant reduction in your modified adjusted gross income; and how you can appeal our determination about your income-related monthly adjustment amount.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in life style confronted by patients with chronic health conditions].

The purpose of this study was to identify the life style changes in patient with chronic illness. The sample consisted of 45 patients with chronic diseases. The findings showed that the patients had to face changes in their life Style such as: First, new tasks including compliance with terapeutic regimens seeking information about their diseases and managing their disconforts. Second, --losses referring to their social relationship, finances, locomotion and work capacity, and leisure activities losses. Third, treats --including treat to their personal self, their life and hope.

Brazil↗
PubMed1989

Impact of military life stress on the quality of life of military wives.

Ten domains of life satisfaction were developed for military wives based on a factor analysis of 44 items derived from various studies of quality of life. Factor scores were computed for each domain, and multiple regressions were performed with the domains of satisfaction as the independent variables. Two dependent variables were used--namely--a measure of general well-being and overall satisfaction with life. The most important component of both general well-being and life satisfaction was a factor dealing with marriage, health, and family life. Factors related to domains of satisfaction with military life also explained significant amounts of variance in both dependent variables.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1989

After the myocardial infarction. A medical and psychological study with special emphasis on perceived illness.

Each year, more than 10,000 persons are admitted to Norwegian hospitals for a myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to examine the medical, psychological, and social consequences of a MI, with special emphasis on the role of cognitive factors for the readjustment and coping process. Three hundred and eighty-three MI-patients below 67 years of age were followed by means of self- administered questionnaires during hospitalization and 1-2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 3-5 years after the MI. In addition, a quasi- experimental evaluation of an in-hospital educational program was carried out. A high participation rate, relatively high reliability coefficients for methods developed for this study, and good correspondence with proxy information indicate satisfactory quality of data. Special attention was given to patients' cardiac health knowledge and expectations; two central aspects of perceived illness. Knowledge was represented by three scales covering basic understanding, lifestyle related aspects, and common misconceptions about coronary heart disease. Expectations were represented by four scales, pertaining to the subjective estimates of, respectively, reduced physical ability, autonomy, emotional control, and work capacity. Knowledge and expectations were only moderately correlated. Level of cardiac knowledge among the MI patients was primarily determined by socioeconomic status and amount of standardized information received during hospitalization. More negative expectations were strongly associated with hopelessness and a worse self-rated pre-MI health status. Self-assessed health was clearly reduced after the MI compared with pre-MI levels. About two-thirds of the patients were limited in their physical activities by chest pain or breathlessness. Over the 3-5 years follow-up period, about half of the surviving patients were readmitted to hospital; in more than two-thirds of the cases for heart-related reasons. Almost one third had a major recurrence, either death (17%) or a non-fatal reinfarction (14%). However, long-term use of physician consultations did not exceed that of the general population. Within 6 months, 73% of previously employed patients had returned to work with a mean sick-leave period of 15 weeks. Of previous smokers, 41% had resumed smoking 6 months after the MI whereas 49% smoked at the 3-5 years follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗