Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lie Detection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

European multi-centre validation study of NucliSens Extractor in combination with HCV Amplicor 2.0 assay for HCV-NAT screening of plasma pools.

The NucliSens Extractor in combination with the 2.0 version of the Roche Cobas HCV Amplicor test has been validated by five European blood screening laboratories in a multi-centre study. For testing the performance characteristics of this HCV-NAT method, the European Pharmacopoeia validation guidelines were followed. The CLB VQC reference reagents were used for testing robustness and sensitivity. After a technical improvement in the extraction stations, the NucliSens Extractor appeared to be contamination-free as was proved by testing negative controls alternating with samples containing a high HCV-RNA concentration. The Pelicheck HCV-RNA genotype 1 dilution panel was tested 74 times in the five laboratories and an overall 95% detection limit of 80 genome equivalents (geq)/ml was found. In one laboratory the Pelicheck panel was tested in 25 runs and here a 95% detection limit of 32 geq/ml was achieved. In this laboratory the Pelispy HCV-RNA run control samples of 140 geq/ml were consistently picked up in all extractor stations. In addition the laboratories have tested a WHO HCV-RNA genotype 1 standard dilution series 39 times and a Pelicheck HCV-RNA genotype 3 reference panel in 32 test runs. The limiting dilution analysis enabled us to compare the detection efficiency of the NucliSens-Amplicor method for the genoype 1 and genotype 3 isolates and to calibrate the reference reagents against each other. The combined Nuclisens-Amplicor method was found to detect the genotype 3 isolate in the Pelicheck HCV-RNA panels with 2-3 fold lower efficiency than the genotype 1 standard (assuming that the historical calibration of the genotype 3 against the genotype 1 standard is correct). In this study of a single method 1 IU of the WHO HCV-RNA standard was found to be equivalent to 5.1 geq of the VQC HCV-RNA standard (95% confidence intervals 3.1-9.1 geq). To avoid confusion with the use of the CLB VQC reagents we accept the NIBSC collaborative study in which calibration by a variety of methods showed that the Pelispy 380 geq/ml run control is equivalent to 100 IU/ml of the WHO standard. This multi-centre validation study demonstrates that the 95% detection limit of the NucliSens HCV Amplicor method lies far below the detection limits required by the international regulatory bodies.

Europe↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of MRI, CT and angiography in cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebral angiography were performed in 30 patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Clinical data and radiographic findings are presented. The diagnostic values of CT and MRI are compared. 25 of 30 AVMs were seen on CT-scans, 27 on MR-images, 26 by angiography. Typical CT-findings were irregularly hyperdense areas with spotlike contrast enhancement. 4 out of 5 AVMs not depicted by CT were diagnosed for tumor, in one case the malformation was hidden by a hematoma. MRI mostly showed the AVM as round or oval lesions with spongelike structure of low signal intensity in T1-weighted sequences or as single enlarged vessels. The 26 AVM revealed by angiography presented typically enlarged vessels; in 2 cases angiography was without any pathological findings, 2 cases showed signs of a space occupying lesion. The results confirm that MRI is superior to CT in detecting and recognizing AVM. Its strength lies in the possibility to detect abnormal vessels even in presence of fresh or older hematoma, and in the precise information on size and location of the AVM. In our series, MRI and CT-scans together showed 28 of 30 AVMs, the remaining 2 cases were not seen with angiography either but only proven histologically. Although today MR-angiography is able to provide three dimensional images of blood vessels, it cannot yet replace angiography in the exact study of the vessels which is required for surgical planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Scintigraphy with radioiodinated meta-iodobenzylguanidine in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma].

19 patients with histologically verified neuroblastoma (n = 18) or suspected of suffering from neuroblastoma (n = 1) were investigated 35 times using 123I- or 131I-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the accuracy of MIBG imaging in comparison to other diagnostic procedures. X-ray or sonographical procedures depicted 40 neuroblastoma manifestations (primary tumours and metastatic deposits), 36 of these (90%) were found by MIBG scintigraphy. Out of 63 primary neuroblastomas and metastatic deposits, depicted by MIBG scintigraphy, 40 (63%) were detected by corresponding sonographic or x-ray procedures. The 23 neuroblastoma lesions solely depicted by MIBG scans were mainly (87%) situated in the skeletal system. In 12 patients biopsy of the bone marrow confirmed the scintigraphic findings (9 times true positive, 3 times true negative). Three times bone marrow infiltration was not recognized by MIBG scintigraphy. False positive results were not observed. 13 patients were examined before and after chemotherapy; scintigraphic results corresponded to therapy results. Because of the pronounced physiological MIBG uptake by liver tissue, detection of intrahepatic or perihepatic tumour involvement may be difficult. MIBG imaging seems not to be suitable for detecting minimal bone marrow infiltration by neuroblastoma. It is a safe and noninvasive procedure for locating a wide range of neuroblastoma lesions. Its main diagnostic advantage in comparison to x-ray procedures lies in the detection of bone marrow infiltration.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1986

Meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in neuroblastoma--a comparison with conventional X-ray and ultrasound.

To evaluate the accuracy of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging in comparison with bone X-ray and ultrasound, 15 patients with histologically verified neuroblastoma were investigated using 123- or 131MIBG scintigraphy. 123MIBG and 131MIBG are used as the abbreviations for 123-iodine-labeled-MIBG and 131-iodine-labeled-MIBG, respectively. Either 7.4 MBq 131MIBG (n = 4) or 111-185 MBq 123MIBG (n = 11) was applied, and scans were performed 24 and 48 h PI. Anatomical orientation was provided in selected cases by single-photon emission CT or scintigraphy of other organs. X-ray procedures or ultrasound depicted 27 neuroblastoma manifestations (primary tumors and metastatic deposits); 24 of these (89%) were identified by MIBG scintigraphy. Of 42 primary neuroblastomas and metastatic deposits, 27 (64%) were detected by corresponding bone X-ray or ultrasound. The 15 neuroblastoma lesions depicted solely by MIBG scans were mainly (80%) situated in the skeletal system. Because of the pronounced physiological MIBG uptake by liver tissue, detection of intrahepatic or perihepatic tumor involvement is difficult. MIBG scintigraphy is a safe and noninvasive means of locating a wide range of neuroblastoma lesions. Its main diagnostic advantage in comparison with bone X-ray lies in the detection of bone marrow infiltration.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed2002

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer--is lymphoscintigraphy really necessary?

The role of lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer remains debatable. This study assesses the value of lymphoscintigraphy in axillary sentinel node biopsy in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer. Sixty-two patients underwent sentinel node biopsy using a combination of technetium-labelled nanocolloid, lympho-scintigraphy and patent blue dye. Lymphoscintigraphy was successful in 84% of patients. Axillary sentinel nodes were identified intraoperatively in all these patients. Internal mammary nodes were identified on lymphoscintigraphy in 19%. Despite lymphoscintigraphy being unsuccessful in 10 patients, axillary sentinel nodes were found intraoperatively in eight of these patients. Lymphoscintigraphy did not increase the detection rate of axillary sentinel nodes and a negative scan did not preclude identification of an axillary sentinel node intraoperatively. This study questions the contribution of lymphoscintigraphy in axillary sentinel node biopsy, however its value may lie in the detection of extra-axillary nodes.

Axilla↗
PubMed2006

A critical review of patent foramen ovale detection using saline contrast echocardiography: when bubbles lie.

Saline and indocyanine green dye were the first agents noted to produce a contrast effect when injected peripherally during M-mode echocardiographic imaging, although it was subsequently found that almost any type of injected solution would have this effect. These first-generation contrast agents were limited to opacification of right heart structures, and they prompted subsequent development of agents that traverse pulmonary circulation. Although opacification limited to right heart structures is considered a limitation of these first-generation agents, this is an advantage when attempting to identify the presence of right-to-left shunt. First-generation air contrast is considered the gold standard for identification of patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, PFO investigators have used varying criteria to define abnormal contrast studies. There are also multiple mechanisms by which saline contrast studies may produce both false-positive and false-negative results for presence of PFO. There is mounting experimental evidence that PFO is associated with cerebral ischemia and migraine headache, with a resulting evolution of devices for percutaneous closure of these shunts. Echocardiographic physicians must be aware of potential pitfalls of the air contrast technique to avoid exposing patients to unnecessary risk of closure devices, and missing the potential benefit of shunt closure in appropriately selected patients.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1999

The Bg/II polymorphism of the human prolactin gene lies within intron C and can be detected by PCR/RFLP.

Prolactin has been shown to be active as an immunomodulatory hormone and is therefore of potential importance in disease progression and development. Any polymorphism in the gene and regulatory sequences may prove useful for disease association studies. A Bg/II polymorphism has been previously detected within the prolactin gene region. We have mapped this polymorphism to intron C and detected the base mutation that causes it. We have also developed a PCR-RFLP method to genotype individuals.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Somatosensory evoked potentials in cervical spondylosis. Correlation of median, ulnar and posterior tibial nerve responses with clinical and radiological findings.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following median, ulnar and tibial nerve stimulation were recorded from sites over the shoulders, neck and scalp in 34 patients with cervical spondylosis. Twenty control subjects were matched for sex and age. Detailed clinical and radiological data were assembled, with particular attention to the sensory modalities impaired and the locus and severity of cord compression. The patients were divided clinically into 4 groups: combined myelopathy and radiculopathy (6 cases), myelopathy alone (15), radiculopathy (6) and neck pain (7). Four cases are described in detail. SEP abnormalities were strongly correlated with clinical myelopathy, but not with radiculopathy. Median and ulnar nerve responses were less often affected than tibial, even with myelopathy above C6 level. Tibial nerve SEP abnormalities were strongly correlated with posterior column signs on the same side of the body, but not with anterolateral column sensory signs. In myelopathy cases, the SEP examination appeared to be more sensitive to sensory pathway involvement than clinical sensory testing. SEP abnormalities were infrequent in cases of radiculopathy and neck pain, bearing no relation to the clinical locus of root lesions. Abnormal SEPs consistent with subclinical posterior column involvement, however, were recorded in 1 patient with radiculopathy and 2 with neck pain. Follow-up recordings made postoperatively in 7 myelopathy cases reflected the clinical course (improvement, deterioration or no change) in 4, but failed to reflect improvement in 3. The correlation of SEP findings with radiological data was generally poor. SEP abnormalities were detected in 6 out of 8 patients with clinical myelopathy but no radiological evidence of posterior cord compression, suggesting that impairment of the blood supply may be an important factor contributing to cord damage. An application for SEPs in the clinical management of cervical spondylosis may lie in the detection of posterior column involvement and the differential diagnosis from disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2024

Emergence of crucial evidence catalyzing the origin tracing of SARS-CoV-2.

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), its genetic and geographical origins remain unclear, resulting in suspicions about its natural origin. In one of our previous studies, we reported the presence of a furin cleavage site RRAR in the junction region between S1 and S2 subunits of the spike protein, which was discovered as the first crucial clue for the origin tracing of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we conducted an integrative analysis of new genome data from bat Sarbecovirus strains reported after the COVID-19 outbreak. The primary results included the identification of BANAL-20-52, Rp22DB159, and S18CXBatR24 as three close relatives of SARS-CoV-2 and the successful detection of seven out of nine key genomic features (designated as RC0-7 and ORF8) observed in wild types of SARS-CoV-2 in the three close relatives from Laos, Vietnam, and Yunnan province of China, respectively. The most significant contribution of the present study lies in the detection of RC1 in wild genotype in a bat Sarbecovirus population BANAL-20-52 belonging to. Encoding a segment of the NSP3 protein, RC1 was discovered as the second crucial clue for the origin tracing of SARS-CoV-2. Although RC0, encoding the junction furin cleavage site, remains undetected outside of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, Feuang of Laos is the sole place where eight of the nine wild-type features (RC1-7 and ORF8) have been detected.

SARS-CoV-2↗
PubMed1994

Molecular analysis of polymorphic loci to study chimerism after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Heteroduplex analysis in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: a new approach to detecting residual host cells.

Since both donor/recipient origin of hematopoietic cells and the proportion of residual host cells influence the outcome of BMT, we performed this study to design a rapid and efficient strategy for chimerism analysis. Using the polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed the informativity and sensitivity of two kinds of polymorphism in 35 HLA-identical sibling pairs: four variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) systems and the frameworks (FW) of the beta-globin gene. The latter polymorphisms were analyzed by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, a method that identifies heterozygosity by the presence of heteroduplexes. All the siblings were found to be informative for at least one polymorphic system. In addition, 34 of the 35 sibling pairs (97%) bore at least one VNTR or FW system which permitted the detection of the minor population (i.e., the first sibling's DNA contained an allele that was absent from the second sibling's DNA). The VNTR- and FW-based methods were highly sensitive, being able to reveal minor populations representing as little as 1% and 5% of total DNA, respectively. The value of the beta-globin gene FW analysis lies in the detection of additional heteroduplexes, which reflect genotypic differences between siblings' DNA. We describe the experimental conditions required to detect the minor DNA population in virtually all cases. As direct evidence of mixed chimerism can be obtained from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of any highly informative polymorphic system, this method can be applied to chimerism analysis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical localization of substance P receptors in the midline glia of the developing rat medulla oblongata with special reference to the formation of raphe nuclei.

Immunohistochemical localization of the substance P receptor (SPR) was examined in the developing rat medulla oblongata, with special reference to the development of substance P (SP)-immunoreactive neurons which form the medullary raphe nuclei. During development, SPR immunoreactivity was detected in cells lying lateral to the medullary midline from embryonic day 13 (E13) to postnatal day 5 (P5). The SPR-positive cell bodies were located close to the fourth ventricle, and bore long processes extending to the ventral pial surface. This SPR immunoreactivity co-localized with staining for monoclonal antibody 1D11, a specific marker of immature astrocytes. Substance P (SP)-immunoreactive neurons were first detected at E14 in the ventrolateral part of the medulla. By E16 their number had increased and they were arrayed in two rows closely parallel to the SPR-immunoreactive processes of non-neuronal cells. By P1, two separate SP-immunoreactive cell clusters could be recognized at the midline, representing dorsally the nascent raphe pallidus and ventrally the raphe obscurus. In addition, many SP-immunoreactive fibers traveled rostrocaudally in the medulla oblongata, juxtaposed to the midline sheets of SPR-immunoreactive long processes. SPR-immunoreactive processes at the midline were also immunoreactive for S-100, a glia-specific calcium-binding protein that is known to promote axonal growth of raphe neurons. These results suggest that SPR-expressing immature glial cells at the medullary midline are involved in the development of SP-immunoreactive raphe neurons, both in the formation of the medullary raphe nuclei and in axon guidance and growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Allele specific oligonucleotide analysis of the common deafness mutation 35delG in the connexin 26 (GJB2) gene.

Despite the large number of genes that are expected to be involved in non-syndromal, recessive deafness, only a few have been cloned. One of these genes is GJB2, which encodes connexin 26. A frameshift mutation in this gene has been reported to be common in several populations and a carrier frequency of about 1 in 30 people has been detected in Italy and Spain. Mutation 35delG is difficult to detect because it lies within a stretch of six guanines flanked by thymines, so the deletion of one G does not create or destroy a restriction site and mutagenesis primers are not useful for this mutation. We have generated an allele specific oligonucleotide method that uses 12-mer oligonucleotides and easily discriminates between the normal and 35delG alleles. The method should permit a rapid analysis of this mutation in congenital cases (recessive or sporadic), including diagnosis and carrier detection of 35delG in the population.

Alleles↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between lipofuscin granules and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the housefly, Musca domestica.

The fractional volume occupied by lipofuscin granules in epithelial cells of the midgut or oenocytes of abdominal fat body of 3-day-old and 13-day-old male houseflies was determined in two groups of flies by electron microscopic morphometry. One group had developed from larvae reared on diets containing no added polyunsaturated fatty acids and the second from larvae reared on diets containing added linoleic acid. No polyunsaturated fatty acids could be detected in the lipids of the first group of flies using a method which would have detected their presence in amounts greater than 0.1% of the total esterified fatty acids. The second group contained at least two hundred times more than this minimal level. The volume of lipofuscin granules increased significantly (p less than 0.01) (about threefold for the fat body and twofold in midgut cells) between 3 days and 13 days of age but no statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups of flies at the same age. The results show that if lipofuscin formation depends on the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the housefly, then extremely small amounts of the acids are involved which lie below the detection limit of the methods employed. The age-associated small increase of extractable fluorescence seen previously in the linoleic acid group of flies is not associated with an increase in the lipofuscin granules.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

[Analysis of variance of bacterial counts in milk. 1. Characterization of total variance and the components of variance random sampling error, methodologic error and variation between parallel errors during storage].

In contrast to the prevailing automatized chemical analytical methods, classical microbiological techniques are linked with considerable material- and human-dependent sources of errors. These effects must be objectively considered for assessing the reliability and representativeness of a test result. As an example for error analysis, the deviation of bacterial counts and the influence of the time of testing, bacterial species involved (total bacterial count, coliform count) and the detection method used (pour-/spread-plate) were determined in a repeated testing of parallel samples of pasteurized (stored for 8 days at 10 degrees C) and raw (stored for 3 days at 6 degrees C) milk. Separate characterization of deviation components, namely, unavoidable random sampling error as well as methodical error and variation between parallel samples, was made possible by means of a test design where variance analysis was applied. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. Immediately after filling, the total count deviation in milk mainly followed the POISSON-distribution model and allowed a reliable hygiene evaluation of lots even with few samples. Subsequently, regardless of the examination procedure used, the setting up of parallel dilution series can be disregarded. 2. With increasing storage period, bacterial multiplication especially of psychrotrophs leads to unpredictable changes in the bacterial profile and density. With the increase in errors between samples, it is common to find packages which have acceptable microbiological quality but are already spoiled by the time of the expiry date labeled. As a consequence, a uniform acceptance or rejection of the batch is seldom possible. 3. Because the contamination level of coliforms in certified raw milk mostly lies near the detection limit, coliform counts with high relative deviation are expected to be found in milk directly after filling. Since no bacterial multiplication takes place during storage, then error between samples always predominates the total variation. 4. The present results cannot be simply applied to other selective enumerations of microorganisms. Yet, a non-homogenous distribution should always be expected at microbial counts close to the detection limit. Technical errors arising from clustering as well as eugonic growth can additionally hamper the counting of colonies of such microorganisms. Effects of these observations in the decision-making process will be dealt with in the second communication.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Simplified estimation of age-specific reference intervals for skewed data.

Age-specific reference intervals are commonly used in medical screening and clinical practice, where interest lies in the detection of extreme values. Many different statistical approaches have been published on this topic. The advantages of a parametric method are that they necessarily produce smooth centile curves, the entire density is estimated and an explicit formula is available for the centiles. The method proposed here is a simplified version of a recent approach proposed by Royston and Wright. Basic transformations of the data and multiple regression techniques are combined to model the mean, standard deviation and skewness. Using these simple tools, which are implemented in almost all statistical computer packages, age-specific reference intervals may be obtained. The scope of the method is illustrated by fitting models to several real data sets and assessing each model using goodness-of-fit techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Role of macrophages in the generation of T helper cells. IV. Nature of genetically related factor derived from macrophages incubated with soluble antigens.

Macrophages incubated with soluble antigens for 1-4 days release factors capable of inducing T helper cells. The nature and some of the properties of this genetically related macrophage factor (GRF) were investigated. By use of immunoadsorbents, GRF was shown to contain I region-coded products (Ia antigens) linked to a small antigenic fragment. The genes coding for the Ia antigens detectable in GRF lie in the I region of the H-2 complex. GRF does not react with anti-immunoglobulin, anti-C3 or anti-human beta2-microglobulin antisera, and its activity cannot be removed by antigen immunoadsorbents. GRF is heat-labile, sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and has a molecular weight of about 55 000 Daltons. The relationship of GRF to other factors known to contain I region-coded products and reported to be effective in cell cooperation is discussed.

Animals↗