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PubMedDate not supplied

The Ontario Northern Outreach Program in physical therapy.

The Northern Outreach Program (NOP) in Ontario, Canada was initiated in 1980 by the Health Sciences Faculties at The University of Western Ontario and the Ontario Ministry of Health. Objectives of the NOP are to contribute to development of health services and health manpower in Northern Ontario and to develop supportive research programs. NOP Coordinators are appointed to their respective faculties from each of the following disciplines: Communicative Disorders, Library Science, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, and Physical Therapy (PT). PT coordinators identify needs and opportunities for development of PT service and manpower in the North, collaborating with District Health Councils and health professionals. Programs are developed considering the areas of service, manpower, education, and research. Programs include workshops, consultations, student clinical placements, and access to library resources. An external evaluation of the NOP was carried out and ongoing evaluation of the PT program is based on feedback from program participants. The NOP has been effective in supporting development of PT services in Northern Ontario, decreasing professional isolation and also serves as a model for other programs. Alternatives for recruitment and retention of manpower and research opportunities must continue to be developed to ensure optimal delivery of health care to underserviced areas.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

Preservation of the biomedical literature: an overview.

The National Library of Medicine began to preserve its collection many years ago. This article presents a brief review of NLM's early conservation and microfilming programs, and describes the current activities of the library's new Preservation Section. Also mentioned are the complementary efforts of NLM staff who are involved in research into electronic imaging and the campaign to increase the use of alkaline paper in medical and scientific publishing. Goals of the National Preservation Plan for the Biomedical Literature are summarized and a report on progress in implementing the plan is provided. Results of the preservation needs assessment described in the accompanying article by Kirkpatrick are briefly analyzed. Recent efforts of the Commission on Preservation and Access, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Research Libraries Group, and several international associations are described in terms of their potential benefit to preservation of the biomedical literature. The need to monitor new preservation technologies and preserve materials in audiovisual and electronic formats is emphasized. It is argued that with enough coordination, cooperation, and willingness among health sciences libraries to share the costs, the goal of preserving all of the important biomedical literature can be accomplished.

Books↗
PubMed1993

Ethics and the role of the medical librarian: health care information and the new consumer.

Because medical libraries increasingly serve nonprofessionals, medical librarians may need to reconsider their role. In addition, as clients alter their expectations about librarians and begin to think of them as participants in health care delivery, librarians face new ethical challenges. This paper compares the values and goals of the library and medical professions in the provision of health care information. In examining the factors that health care professionals consider when deciding what information to share with patients, the author challenges medical librarians to reconsider their duties toward their nonprofessional clients, whether patients, patients' families, or other laypersons, and to clarify the goals of the health science library profession regarding the provision of information.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

NLM extramural program: frequently asked questions.

New and aspiring investigators often ask the same questions of experts as proposals are formulated, written, and submitted to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) for peer review. The NLM's Division of Extramural Programs (EP) provides support to medical libraries, academic medical centers, individuals, and industry through numerous types of grants and contracts. A complex set of processes and procedures is in place and is familiar to established and funded researchers, but to few others. A collection of frequently asked questions (FAQ) and their answers on these issues has been prepared by the Biomedical Library Review Committee (BLRC), a standing advisory group to the NLM that meets three times a year to review and score proposals. The BLRC and two experts on National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants and contracts compiled their advice in an electronic FAQ that has been edited and abridged as an introduction to NLM EP for investigators from medical library science, informatics, and biotechnology. The BLRC expects that if new investigators are able to avoid common mistakes and misconceptions, their proposals will improve in quality and they will be able to spend their time more effectively in proposal preparation.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1995

Benchmarking reference services: an introduction.

Benchmarking is based on the common sense idea that someone else, either inside or outside of libraries, has found a better way of doing certain things and that your own library's performance can be improved by finding out how others do things and adopting the best practices you find. Benchmarking is one of the tools used for achieving continuous improvement in Total Quality Management (TQM) programs. Although benchmarking can be done on an informal basis, TQM puts considerable emphasis on formal data collection and performance measurement. Used to its full potential, benchmarking can provide a common measuring stick to evaluate process performance. This article introduces the general concept of benchmarking, linking it whenever possible to reference services in health sciences libraries. Data collection instruments that have potential application in benchmarking studies are discussed and the need to develop common measurement tools to facilitate benchmarking is emphasized.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1988

Tying it all together: The Integrated Academic Information Management System being implemented at Maryland.

With the National Library of Medicine serving as the catalyst, the University of Maryland at Baltimore, Campus for the Professions, entered into a major initiative to integrate information management systems in support of the campus missions of education, research, and clinical care. Strategic planning initiated the integration process and continues in an iterative mode. In support of integration, changes were made in the campus organizational structure and in its technological infrastructure. Implementation involves transforming the Information Resources Management Division into an information utility on a phased and incremental basis. Collaboration with the Health Sciences Library is key to this transformation, as are numerous outreach activities.

Computers↗
PubMed1998

International cooperation and the European Association for Health Information and Libraries.

This paper describes cooperation between European libraries: what EAHIL hopes to achieve, and how it may be done. Since its founding in 1987, EAHIL has been working for professional development and to improve cooperation and exchange of experience amongst its members. In 1995 a working programme entitled 'EAHIL--Aims towards year 2000' was approved, and it consolidates some of the most important aims of EAHIL. In this paper, only three of the six aims are referred to: conferences and workshops arranged by EAHIL, the development of an efficient network system in order to increase communication and information among members, and the establishment of agreements for cooperation with medical and health science libraries in Eastern and Central Europe in particular.

Communication↗
PubMed1994

Building the library/information center of the future.

Changes in the mission, roles, and infrastructure of academic health sciences libraries pose an enormous challenge to those designing and planning new library buildings. The library will be judged by its ability to respond to changing information dissemination patterns, changing missions, technologies not yet contemplated, and curricular trends, notably the rise of informatics and problem-based learning. Key questions are posed; the answers will shape library building now and in the future.

Architecture↗
PubMed1993

The conceptual validity of a taxonomy of nursing interventions.

The purpose of this paper is to report validity evidence for the nursing intervention taxonomy developed as part of the Nursing Intervention Lexicon and Taxonomy (NILT) Study. Using eclectic classification methods of library science, cognitive science, nursing science and computational linguistics, a taxonomy of nursing interventions consisting of seven categories was developed. These categories which incorporate care as a central concept are described and defined, and prototypical examples of each category are presented. Brinberg & McGrath's validity schema provides the framework within which evidence for validity as value, validity as correspondence and validity as generalizability were examined. Comparison of the NILT categories with previously published categorizations of nursing functions and interventions provides strong support for the validity of this classification. Additionally, comparison of the NILT categories with two internationally derived categorizations of nursing functions supports the robustness or generalizability of the NILT classification.

Job Description↗
PubMed2002

Mirage or reality?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2003

Patterns and costs of printed and online journal usage.

This study in an academic medical sciences library setting examines the correlation of usage of a matched set of print and online titles, the validity of e-journals usage statistics and the impact of online journals on print journal usage. The print and online usage was determined for 270 journals, both versions of which were available. Print usage was determined annually since 1997 using the reshelving and the error-copies method. Online usage statistics were delivered by five publishers and corrected for redundant multiple accesses. Print journal usage decreased by 22.3 and 30.2% respectively over each of 2 years after the introduction of online journals. Journals published both in print and online lost 30.4% of their print usage within 2 years. The total loss of usage of print-only titles in the same period was somewhat higher, at 45.8%. The average correlation between online and print usage is 0.60 and 0.67 respectively. For the examined titles, users accessed the online versions ten times as often as the print version. Two clearly distinguishable groupings emerged: while with Academic Press and Elsevier, e-journal usage exceeded print usage by a factor of 3 or 4, the e-journals of Blackwell, HighWire and Springer were used on average 14.6 times as frequently as the corresponding print journals. Each usage of a print article cost 2.79-50.82 Euro, each usage of an online article 0.31-15.10 Euro, depending on the publisher. On average, the usage of an online article was 5.4 times cheaper. Within 2-3 years the usage of online journals has outstripped that of print titles by a factor of ten, but the specific spectrum of usage remains much the same as when only print journals alone existed. Print titles not available online suffer a greater decline in usage compared with print/online journals. This confirms that what is read or purchased is determined primarily by ease of access and that there is a steady tendency to reduce the multiplicity of access modes to a manageable few. The availability of journals online seems to have created a new clientele, at least in the case of the German-language Springer journals. The connection between supplier and supply is much less clear with e-journals than it is with print titles. Therefore it is very important to stress and encourage the role of the library as the supplier of this sort of information in the university environment. Collection building issues are discussed in the light of the results.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evidence-based evaluation of EMS protocols.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which prehospital patient care protocols incorporate the findings of the peer-reviewed scientific EMS literature. METHODS: Using a computerized literature search, articles published from eight institutions known to be active in prehospital care research were identified and obtained from the local health sciences library. Animal or bench research, analysis of administrative practices, evaluation of educational or quality assurance techniques, collective reviews, and air medical articles were excluded. We compared the findings of each article with the guidelines contained in 12 sets of prehospital care protocols, ranking them as: 1) consistent; 2) partially consistent; 3) not discussed; or 4) not consistent. The rankings for the article-protocol comparisons for each EMS system were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Forty-nine papers were compared with 12 sets of protocols, resulting in 588 comparisons. More than half (53.1%, n = 312) of the comparisons were ranked as "consistent." Only 28 (4.8%) of the comparisons were found to be "not consistent." There was no significant difference in the rankings assigned to the comparisons for protocols from each individual system, nor in the rankings for protocols from the EMS system associated with the source of the article, from other systems with academic affiliations, and from systems without academic affiliations. CONCLUSION: Most EMS protocols are consistent with the published peer-reviewed research. There is no difference in the level of consistency when comparing protocols from EMS systems associated with the source of the articles, those associated with other academic institutions, and those without strong academic affiliations.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1981

A randomized trial of librarian educational participation in clinical settings.

In order to evaluate the librarian's educational role in patient care settings, an information service was provided for health professionals, patients, and families by two part-time clinical librarians. Eight clinical areas were randomly selected from a pool of settings which met predetermined entry criteria. Four of these settings were randomly allocated to the experimental maneuver (that is, the clinical librarian service), and four were control settings. Results showed that the clinical librarians were accepted by health professionals and that services to all groups were viewed as successful. Significant differences in information-seeking patterns were found between study and control groups of health professionals. In particular, the study group was more likely to use the library for direct patient care and rated the librarian and library resources more highly as sources of information. This time-limited and education-oriented model would be useful for settings in which a full-time librarian program is not feasible.

Attitude↗
PubMed2003

AHEC in West Virginia: a case study. Area health education centers.

This case study describes the area health education centers (AHEC) program in West Virginia, spanning 30 years from a first-generation project at Charleston in 1972 (AHEC 1) to a newly funded statewide program (AHEC 2). The outcome is an evolving university-community partnership designed to meet changing work-force and community health needs in the heart of rural Appalachia. West Virginia University's (WVU's) application of the original Carnegie Commission AHEC recommendations (1970) resulted in the Charleston AHEC, now part of the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center of WVU. AHEC today trains more than 135 residents and interns, and one-third of the third-year and fourth-year WVU medical students. Charleston offers clinical and continuing education for nurses, dentists, pharmacists, and allied health professionals. A health sciences library, distance learning, and a network of primary care clinics help define Charleston's unique AHEC role. This AHEC hub continues to meet the classic Carnegie goals of recruiting and retaining health professionals, and providing access to care in the original service area and statewide. Based on the Charleston experience, four new federally funded AHECs are being developed to link rural primary care residencies with the state-funded West Virginia rural health education partnerships. These rural consortia AHECs are applying the concept of community competency, a performance-based methodology, to integrate learning while achieving the goals of Healthy People 2010.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1983

Establishing a psychiatric library.

The amount of information in the psychiatric field has increased to such an extent that a specialized library is an essential part of the mental health facility. Guidelines are presented for establishing a psychiatric library, including staffing, budgeting, physical layout, and selection and handling of books, reference materials, journals and annuals, microfilm and microfiche, and audiovisuals. The expertise of the librarian is the single most important factor in determining the quality of the collection and the services provided, the author believes. Because of escalating costs, developing a cooperative library network of small, specialized mental health collections may be the most productive course for the future.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Access to the internet in an acute care area: experiences of nurses.

The internet is expected to play a key role in delivering evidence-based practice (Department of Health (DoH), 1997, 1998a; Beyea, 2000). In the UK, poor access to the internet and a lack of knowledge and confidence have been identified as barriers to nurses accessing evidence via the internet. The study described here aimed to evaluate how open access to the internet in an acute ward area had an impact upon the evidence-based practice of nurse and allied health professionals. The study was funded by the Department of Health. It incorporated a survey of over 200 staff, semi-structured interviews and monitoring of internet use. The results indicate that the ward-based internet facilities were valued and used by nurses. However, time, support and training are required for nurse to realize the full potential of the internet. Future partnerships between health science libraries and the NHS are recommended to help staff to access and use the internet in order to answer clinically derived questions.

Access to Information↗
PubMed1988

BRS Colleague MEDLINE end user training follow-up survey.

The amount of recent literature describing end user training programs is substantial, yet there are few reports evaluating the effectiveness of such training. This article reports on a follow-up survey of the first seventy-five trainees of a four-hour BRS Colleague MEDLINE training program at the Health Sciences Library of East Carolina University. The 90.7 percent response rate to the questionnaire provided information about both those who performed searches and those who had not. It indicated how trainees felt about their training, their ability to perform searches or reason for not performing searches, and types of additional training the trainees desired. Survey results are discussed in terms of effectiveness of the training for the end user with infrequent search needs, possible modifications to improve the effectiveness of the training, and possible alternatives to BRS Colleague MEDLINE.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗