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PubMed1991

The hospital library is crucial to quality healthcare.

In a 1988 report, an advisory committee of the Medical Library Association (MLA) wrote that "no one would argue against information as the foundation for efficient cost-effective business or against access to knowledge as a prerequisite for developing new knowledge." Yet the increasing number of threats to the hospital library--largely from within the industry--suggest that many hospitals do not value information in the same way their counterparts in other businesses do. In the first of two articles in this issue on hospital library and information services, the executive director of the MLA uses the MLA's experience and a variety of research findings to restate the case for the hospital library's vital role in quality care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of telephone reference service in health sciences libraries.

Six factual queries were unobtrusively telephoned to fifty-one U.S. academic health sciences and hospital libraries. The majority of the queries (63.4%) were answered accurately. Referrals to another library or information source were made for 25.2% of the queries. Eleven answers (3.6%) were inaccurate, and no answer was provided for 7.8% of the queries. There was a correlation between the number of accurate answers provided and the presence of at least one staff member with a master's degree in library and information science. The correlation between employing a librarian certified by the Medical Library Association (MLA) and providing accurate answers was significant. The majority of referrals were to specific sources. If these "helpful referrals" are counted with accurate answers as correct responses, they total 76.8% of the answers. In a follow-up survey, five libraries stated that they did not provide accurate answers because they did not own an appropriate source. Staff-related problems were given as reasons for other than accurate answers by two of the libraries, while eight indicated that library policy prevented them from providing answers to the public.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2006

Information literacy for speech-language pathologists: a key to evidence-based practice.

PURPOSE: In this tutorial, we review the tenets of information literacy (IL) that parallel and intersect with new American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) certification standards requiring clinicians to engage in evidence-based practice (EBP). METHOD: A review of the literature on EBP in medical and allied health areas was conducted through an online database search. The Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (American Library Association, 2004) are used as a framework for outlining IL practices that will aid in EBP. RESULTS: Current strategies are contrasted with more desirable strategies. Potential barriers to the utilization of information-literate procedures in locating sources of reliable clinical evidence are discussed together with potential solutions. CONCLUSION: Suggestions for more efficient information searches by clinicians, as well as a proposed discipline-wide agenda for increasing clinicians' IL skills during and after entry-level graduate training, are provided.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association↗
PubMed2004

Experience with the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing kit for identification of filamentous fungi encountered in the clinical laboratory.

Described herein is our experience with the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit rDNA sequencing kit for the identification of filamentous fungi encountered in the mycology laboratory at the Mayo Clinic. A total of 234 filamentous fungi recovered from clinical specimens were used in the evaluation. All were identified by using phenotypic characteristics as observed macroscopically and microscopically on any medium or a combination of media, which included Sabouraud's dextrose, inhibitory mold, cornmeal, Czapek-Dox, potato dextrose, and V8 juice agars; all isolates were sequenced using the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit rDNA sequencing kit. Of the of 234 isolates, 158 were correctly identified to the appropriate genus or genus and species by using nucleic acid sequencing. Sequences for 70 (29.9%) of the isolates (27 genera) were not included in the MicroSeq library. Of the 80 dematiaceous and 154 hyaline fungi sequenced, 65 and 51.2%, respectively, gave results concordant with those determined by phenotypic identification. Nucleic acid sequencing using the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit rDNA sequencing kit offers promise of being an accurate identification system; however, the associated library needs to include more of the clinically important genera and species.

DNA, Fungal↗
PubMed1986

Standards for reference services in health sciences libraries: the reference product.

Standards for reference services were prepared by a committee of the Oregon Health Sciences Libraries Association (OHSLA). The standards are qualitative and address the following: quality control, appropriateness, accuracy, documentation, timeliness, accessibility, confidentiality, and evaluation. The standards are components of minimally competent reference service as reflected in the reference product. A discussion of concerns and prescriptive measures accompanies the statement of each standard. While prepared specifically for health sciences libraries, the standards are applicable to all types of libraries and may be used as guidelines in evaluating the reference product, in upgrading library service, and in writing policies and procedures.

Information Services↗
PubMed1967

Medical library internship at NIH.

The internship program for medical librarians sponsored by the National Institutes of Health was begun in 1964 and was approved by the Medical Library Association. The program ensures a "planned and balanced development of...capabilities," and "an intensified, systematic, and broad working knowledge and understanding of all phases of librarianship." An outline of the program is provided.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1992

Research in health sciences library and information science: a quantitative analysis.

A content analysis of research articles published between 1966 and 1990 in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association was undertaken. Four specific questions were addressed: What subjects are of interest to health sciences librarians? Who is conducting this research? How do health sciences librarians conduct their research? Do health sciences librarians obtain funding for their research activities? Bibliometric characteristics of the research articles are described and compared to characteristics of research in library and information science as a whole in terms of subject and methodology. General findings were that most research in health sciences librarianship is conducted by librarians affiliated with academic health sciences libraries (51.8%); most deals with an applied (45.7%) or a theoretical (29.2%) topic; survey (41.0%) or observational (20.7%) research methodologies are used; descriptive quantitative analytical techniques are used (83.5%); and over 25% of research is funded. The average number of authors was 1.85, average article length was 7.25 pages, and average number of citations per article was 9.23. These findings are consistent with those reported in the general library and information science literature for the most part, although specific differences do exist in methodological and analytical areas.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

What did they know? And when did they know it? Progress in helping clinicians reach decisions.

In the past three decades, knowledge professionals have made remarkable strides toward achieving clinicians' decision-support dream of immediately available short answers. Medical evidence, what is truly known about health care effects and ready to be applied in patient care, can now much more easily be identified. Today's information delivery tools enable clinicians to seek answers to many more of their questions and to find the answers when patient encounters and teachable moments are occurring. Excerpted from a state health sciences library association presentation, this paper highlights efforts to speed clinician adoption of health care discoveries into routine patient care.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed1995

Promoting an awareness of retractions: the Louisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport experience.

The current mission statement of the Medical Library Association states that it is "dedicated to improving health through professional excellence and leadership of its members in the ... provision of information services and educational programs ..." With this goal in mind, retractions offer medical librarians a professional challenge to become involved in the scientific process. Through results of a survey conducted among the consortium of South Central Academic Medical Libraries (SCAMeL), this paper reveals opinions on the importance of retraction awareness and who is responsible for disseminating this knowledge. The paper also reports what the Louisiana State University Medical Center at Shreveport Library and other SCAMeL member libraries are doing to promote awareness.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1991

Academic health sciences librarians' publication patterns.

This study examines the publication patterns of U.S. academic health sciences librarians. A survey was sent to a random sample of Medical Library Association (MLA) members who work in academic settings. Some survey results are consistent with other research while others vary from the findings of previous studies. Faculty status requiring publication may be an incentive to publish; however, a large percentage of librarians in this study published despite the lack of a requirement. Academic health sciences librarians without advanced degrees other than a master's in library science produced about three quarters of the publications, whereas their colleagues with advanced degrees published slightly more than 25% of the publications. Results concerning professional maturity, position, and geographic location reflect findings of earlier studies of academic librarians' publication patterns. Publication productivity generally increased with professional maturity, most authors held administrative or supervisory positions, and many lived in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States. The differences in rates of publication between males and females was not statistically significant after controlling for respondents' professional maturity and position. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Educational Status↗
PubMed2003

1927 reference in the new millennium: where is the Automat?

James Ballard, director at the Boston Medical Library, tracked questions he received at the reference desk in 1927 to recognize the trend of queries and to record the information for future use. He presented a paper on reference services that listed sixty of his reference questions at the Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Medical Library Association (MLA) in 1927. During a two-month period in 2001, the authors examined Ballard's questions by attempting to answer them with print sources from the 1920s and with the Internet. The searchers answered 85% of the questions with the Internet and 80% with 1920s reference sources. The authors compared Internet and 1920s print resources for practical use. When answering the questions with 1920s resources, the searchers rediscovered a time in health sciences libraries when there was no Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, no standardized subject headings, and no comprehensive listings of available books. Yet, the authors found many of the 1920s reference materials to be quite useful and often multifunctional. The authors recorded observations regarding the impact of automation on answering reference questions. Even though the Internet has changed the outward appearance of reference services, many things remain the same.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1975

MLA continuing education activities, 1964-1974: a decade of growth and development.

The medical Library Association's present program of continuing education began with the presentation of courses at the annual meeting in San Francisco in 1964. Since that time the range and scope of the Association's continuing education activities have grown rapidly. This paper examines the growth of those activities, assesses the present role of the Committee on Continuing Education, and considers some of the implications of the proposed certification code on the work of the Committee on Continuing Education.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1993

The health information environment: a view of organizational and professional needs and priorities.

Inspired by Platform for Change: The Educational Policy Statement of the Medical Library Association, this paper discusses the institutional changes, new delivery modes and services, learning and development, leadership, and strategies needed for health sciences librarians to prosper in the changing medical information environment. To fulfill their potential, librarians must articulate and act upon a vision that involves them more fully in the work of faculty, researchers, and medical practitioners.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of manuscripts in health sciences librarianship.

Manuscripts submitted for review and full-length papers and brief communications published in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association from 1976 through 1978 have been analyzed in order to identify some of the most common problems in the preparation of a paper. The findings point to a need for instructing librarians in (1) understanding the nature of "explanation" in a scientific or historical paper; (2) designing a research project and analyzing the data; (3) preparing data for display; and (4) more effective writing skills.

Library Science↗
PubMed1975

Past presidents I have known.

This paper is an account of the accomplishments of some of the early past presidents of the Medical Library Association known personally to the author in his career as a medical librarian. It demonstrates the qualities that made these librarians leaders of our profession and also indicates their personal attributes that contributed to the advancement of medical librarianship. It is hoped that the historical presentation of some of the giants of our profession will inspire present and future presidents and other medical librarians with an understanding of some of the qualities necessary to the continuing success of our profession.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2006

Mapping the literature of nursing education.

OBJECTIVES: As part of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association, this study identifies core journals cited in nursing education journals and the indexing services that cover the cited journals. METHODS: Three nursing education source journals were subjected to a citation analysis of articles from 1997 to 1999, followed by an analysis of database access to the most frequently cited journal titles. RESULTS: Cited formats included journals (62.4%), books (31.3%), government documents (1.4%), Internet (0.3%), and miscellaneous (4.6%). Cited references were relatively older than other studies, with just 58.6% published in the 1990s. One-third of the citations were found in a core of just 6 journal titles; one-third were dispersed among a middle zone of 53 titles; the remaining third were scattered in a larger zone of 762 titles. Indexing coverage for the core titles was most comprehensive in CINAHL, followed by PubMed/MEDLINE and Social Sciences Citation Index. CONCLUSIONS: Citation patterns in nursing education show more reliance on nursing and education literature than biomedicine. Literature searches need to include CINAHL and PubMed/MEDLINE, as well as education and social sciences databases. Likewise, library collections need to include education and social sciences resources to complement works developed for nurse educators.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

Mapping the literature of nursing: 1996-2000.

INTRODUCTION: This project is a collaborative effort of the Task Force on Mapping the Nursing Literature of the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association. This overview summarizes eighteen studies covering general nursing and sixteen specialties. METHOD: Following a common protocol, citations from source journals were analyzed for a three-year period within the years 1996 to 2000. Analysis included cited formats, age, and ranking of the frequency of cited journal titles. Highly cited journals were analyzed for coverage in twelve health sciences and academic databases. RESULTS: Journals were the most frequently cited format, followed by books. More than 60% of the cited resources were published in the previous seven years. Bradford's law was validated, with a small core of cited journals accounting for a third of the citations. Medical and science databases provided the most comprehensive access for biomedical titles, while CINAHL and PubMed provided the best access for nursing journals. DISCUSSION: Beyond a heavily cited core, nursing journal citations are widely dispersed among a variety of sources and disciplines, with corresponding access via a variety of bibliographic tools. Results underscore the interdisciplinary nature of the nursing profession. CONCLUSION: For comprehensive searches, nurses need to search multiple databases. Libraries need to provide access to databases beyond PubMed, including CINAHL and academic databases. Database vendors should improve their coverage of nursing, biomedical, and psychosocial titles identified in these studies. Additional research is needed to update these studies and analyze nursing specialties not covered.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1992

Factors influencing research productivity among health sciences librarians.

Secondary analysis was performed of data collected in 1989 from a random sample of members of the Medical Library Association. Results show that about half the sample had at least one publication; academic health sciences librarians were much more likely than hospital librarians to have published. Almost half the sample had taken formal courses in research, but only a small percentage had taken continuing education (CE) courses in research. Institutional support services for research were most available in academic settings. The combination of institutional support, CE training, and research courses explained 31.1% of the variation in research productivity among academic librarians; these factors were less important in hospitals and other institutional settings. The authors suggest that health sciences librarians working outside academia should seek support for research from sources outside the employing institution.

Humans↗