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PubMed2002

Bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus sake as starter culture in dry sausages.

One hundred and fifty-two strains of Lactobacillus spp and Micrococcus spp, isolated from dry sausages, were screened for inhibitory activity. Two of the strains assayed of the genus Lactobacillus showed bactericidal activity. They were able to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria innocua, Lactobacillus alimentarius and Lactobacillus bavaricus. The strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella bradford and Salmonella newlands, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens were resistant. Their antimicrobial activity was due to peptides detectable in the culture broths and inactivated by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Using bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus sake as starter cultures in dry sausages could be promising in the food industry.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

[Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. in the small intestine following ingestion in fermented milk. A rational basis for the use of probiotics in man].

Oro-ileal intubation was performed in 6 healthy volunteers who ingested, either 100 g of a fermented milk containing 10(8)/g Lactobacillus acidophilus and 10(7)/g Bifidobacterium sp or sterilized fermented milk along with a meal in random order. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium were counted in the ileal fluid which was aspirated continuously for 8 h, and flow rates were calculated using the constant slow infusion of PEG 4000. After ingestion of fermented milk but not after control, hourly ileal flow rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium increased form 4.8 +/- 0.2 and 4.9 +/- 0.6 to 7.2 +/- 0.3 and 8.0 +/- 0.3, respectively (mean +/- SE log10 CFU). 8.3 +/- 0.2 Lactobacillus acidophilus and 8.8 +/- 0.1 Bifidobacterium were recovered in the ileum which represented 1.5 percent and 37.5 percent of the ingested bacteria, respectively. In conclusion, under usual conditions of fermented milk ingestion, a large number of living Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Selection of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains towards their inhibitory activity against poultry enteropathogenic bacteria.

Lactobacilli were isolated from chicken gastrointestinal tract and examined for their potentially probiotic properties towards their inhibitory activity against poultry enteropathogenic bacteria. Biochemical tests, ITS-PCR and cell wall protein analysis were used to characterize the Lactobacillus isolates. The identification of isolated Lactobacillus strains based on phenotypic properties was not always satisfactory. ITS-PCR together with protein profile were found to be helpful in strain identification. Lactobacilli were tested for the inhibitory activity against selected strains of poultry enteropathogenic bacteria (Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens). Examined supernatants from Lactobacillus broth cultures demonstrated major antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens. Lower antimicrobial activity were observed against E. coli and Salmonella Enteritidis. The strongest inhibition effect were obtained using supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 3D. Results received from this study confirmed that identification of Lactobacillus spp. is often tedious. Some isolates, which are in vitro antagonistic against enteropathogenic bacteria may be considered as potential candidates for poultry probiotics, especially in controlling necrotic enteritis caused by C. perfringens.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Extraction, identification and primary investigation of adhesion specificity of Lactobacillus sp].

Lactobacillus L15, a strain of Lactobacillus sp. isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy Paralichthys olivaceus, and Lactobacillus acidlophilus ATCC4356 were used to investigate their specific adhesions. It was shown that cell surface proteins of two strains could be extracted by 5 mol/L lithium chloride( LiCl). Two surface proteins with molecular weights of 61.8 kDa and 54.6 kDa were identified to mediate the adhesion to intestinal mucus of Paralichthys olivaceus and Common carp respectively by the method of Western blotting, and the two novel proteins were named as MAPPpo1 and MAPPcc. In Lactobacillus acidlophilus ATCC4356, two proteins of 43.0 kDa and 63.3 kDa were identified to mediate the adhesion to intestinal mucus of Paralichthys olivaceus. Nevertheless, only 43.0 kDa protein was identified to mediate the adhesion to intestinal mucus of Common carp. Furthermore, the mucus proteins which participated the adhesion as the bacteria receptors were identified by the same method and it was found that L15 and ATCC4356 had the same receptors.There were 29.7 kDa and 30.3 kDa proteins in the intestinal mucus of Paralichthys olivaceus and only the 26.2 kDa protein was testified in the intestinal mucus of Common carp. It is demonstrated that the adhesion of Lactobacillus to mucus is dependent on the strain specificity, as well as host specificity.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of lactobacillus preparation on eterotoxigenic E. coli-induced rabbit ileal loop reactions.

A commercially available lactobacillus-containing preparation has been used extensively in the treatment of diarrhea but few laboratory tests have been performed to determine the efficacy of this product. The rabbit ileal loop reaction was used here to determine the effect of the lactobacillus preparation and its ingredients on E. coli enterotoxin-induced loop fluid response. Enterotoxigenic E. coli cells grown overnight in shake cultures were washed and resuspended in saline to the original volume. They were then diluted in TSB suspensions of the lactobacillus preparation or its ingredients and injected into ileal loops. E. coli diluted in TSB served as positive controls. Fluid response was measured after 18 hours and the loop fluid ratio (LFR) (ml./cm.) of the lactobacillus preparations was compared to the positive controls. The positive controls always showed a high loop fluid ratio (greater than 1.1 ml./cm.) and negative saline controls showed no fluid response. The lactobacillus granules and tablets had low LFR's (0.08 and 0.05, respectively). Ingredients (whey, talc, sugar, evaporated milk, mineral oil) had variable LFR's (0.65, 0.78, 1.39, 1.46 and 1.54, respectively). Individual ingredients used to make this preparation show little antifluid response when used separately but the final product exhibits a significant antienterotoxin response.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection using Lactobacillus acidophilus].

INTRODUCTION: In vitro experiments with Lactobacillus acidophilus have revealed its inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori and its application in treatment of Helicobacter pylori positive gastritis was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 15 patients have undergone gastroscopy with biopsy and by histopathological examination. Helicobacter pylori positive gastritis was detected. During a two-month period these patients took acidophilus milk (3 x 250 ml a day) prepared according to a special protocol and which contained 4 x 10(9)-1 x 10(10) live cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus at the moment of preparation. Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NAS, gained from lyophilized preparation Bio-Nate (Natren Inc. USA) was used as a test organism. Control gastroscopy was performed 2 months later. RESULTS: 14 patients have completed the examination. All of them were satisfied with the taste of acidophilus milk and could stand it well, whereas in 6 out of 14 Helicobacter pylori was eradicated. DISCUSSION: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy is recommended in all cases of Helicobacter pylori positive gastritis associated with peptic ulcer, as well as in absence of ulcer when subjective difficulties occur. Antibiotic therapy is often unsuccessful and most often associated with risks of significant adverse effects, being the consequence of intestinal microflora disorders. The aim of using Lactobacillus acidophilus in the therapy is to reduce risks of adverse effects. In our study, by using acidophilus milk only, without other therapy, eradication of Helicobacter pylori was achieved in 6 out of 14 patients. All patients could stand the therapy well and were satisfied with the taste of the preparation. The number of examinees was small in regard to making conclusions, but the results are encouraging and show that apart from established in vitro effect. Lactobacillus acidophilus has a potential in vivo effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of a lactobacillus preparation on the absorption of oral ampicillin.

Lactobacillus preparations have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea resulting from ampicillin. Since the bioavailability of oral ampicillin is known to be affected by food and fluid volume, a study to evaluate the influence of a lactobacillus product on ampicillin bioavailability was performed. Twelve healthy volunteers, male and female, were studied in a randomized three-way cross-over study. Each received ampicillin alone, ampicillin with a lactobacillus preparation, and ampicillin followed 1 h later by the lactobacillus preparation. Blood was sampled over a 6-h time period. Ampicillin content was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Area under the concentration-time curve, area under the first moment of the concentration-time curve, maximum concentration of drug in plasma, time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma, and mean residence time were determined for each study interval. No differences in maximum concentration of drug in plasma, time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma, area under the concentration-time curve, or mean residence time were seen for either males or females or the combined group. The lactobacillus preparation as used in this study did not appear to interfere with the bioavailability of oral ampicillin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Enteral feeding of premature infants with Lactobacillus GG.

The objectives of this study were to determine whether or not the probiotic Lactobacillus GG can colonise the immature bowel of premature infants and if so, does colonisation result in a reduction of the size of the bowel reservoir of nosocomial pathogens such as enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, yeasts or staphylococci, and does colonisation with Lactobacillus GG have any effect on the clinical progress and outcome. Twenty preterm infants with a gestational age of 33 weeks or less who were resident on a neonatal unit were studied from the initiation of milk feeds until discharge. The infants were randomised to receive either milk feeds or milk feeds supplemented with Lactobacillus GG 10(8) colony forming units twice a day for two weeks. The clinical features of the two groups of infants were similar. Orally administered Lactobacillus GG was well tolerated and did colonise the bowel of premature infants. However, colonisation with Lactobacillus GG did not reduce the faecal reservoir of potential pathogens and there was no evidence that colonisation had any positive clinical benefit for this particular group of infants.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2005

Is Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG effective in preventing the onset of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted. A hand-search of the bibliographies of relevant papers and previous meta-analyses was undertaken. REVIEW METHODS: Trials were included in the review if they compared the effects of L. rhamnosus GG and placebo and listed diarrhoea as a primary end-point. Studies were excluded if they were not placebo-controlled or utilised other probiotic strains. RESULTS: Six trials were found that met all eligibility requirements. Significant statistical heterogeneity of the trials precluded meta-analysis. Four of the six trials found a significant reduction in the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea with co-administration of Lactobacillus GG. One of the trials found a reduced number of days with antibiotic-induced diarrhoea with Lactobacillus GG administration, whilst the final trial found no benefit of Lactobacillus GG supplementation. CONCLUSION: Additional research is needed to further clarify the effectiveness of Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Lack of effect of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults and, secondarily, to assess the effect of coadministered Lactobacillus GG on the number of tests performed to determine the cause of diarrhea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 1998 to October 1999, 302 hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics were randomized to receive Lactobacillus GG, 20 x 10(9) CFU/d, or placebo for 14 days. Subjects recorded the number of stools and their consistency daily for 21 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who developed diarrhea in the first 21 days after enrollment. Weekly telephone follow-up was also performed. Results were analyzed in an intention-to-treat fashion. RESULTS: Diarrhea developed in 39 (29.3%) of 133 patients randomized to receive Lactobacillus GG and in 40 (29.9%) of 134 patients randomized to receive placebo (P=.93). No additional difference in the rate of occurrence of diarrhea was found between treatment and placebo patients in a subgroup analysis of those treated with beta-lactam vs non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Too few patients had stool cultures, additional laboratory tests for diarrhea, or a positive diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection to assess between-group differences. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus GG in a dose of 20 x 10(9) CFU/d did not reduce the rate of occurrence of diarrhea in this sample of 267 adult patients taking antibiotics initially administered in the hospital setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Native-valve endocarditis produced by Lactobacillus casei sub. rhamnosus refractory to antimicrobial therapy].

Lactobacillus endocarditis is a rare infection. In fact, only 42 cases have been described in the literature from 1938 up to date. In only 17 previously reported cases have patients been cured with medical therapy alone. Although infections produced by Lactobacillus spp, have been described in our country, none of them included endocarditis. We report herein a case of endocarditis due to a vancomycin-resistant strain of Lactobacillus casei sub. rhamnosus in a 29-year-old man with prolapse of the mitral valve. He required surgical replacement of his valve because of the poor response to antimicrobial therapy with penicillin and gentamicin. The patient displayed a successful clinical outcome, with no evidence of recurrence along the subsequent 2 years. We point out the need to accurately identify Lactobacillus spp. in isolates from blood cultures of patients with endocarditis, since these bacteria may often be mistaken for other species more frequently associated to this infection, which usually respond to conventional antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, we suggest that early surgical replacement should be considered when lactobacillus endocarditis is diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Use of group-specific and RAPD-PCR analyses for rapid differentiation of Lactobacillus strains from probiotic yogurts.

The increasing interest in probiotic lactobacilli implicates the requirement of techniques that allow a rapid and reliable identification of these organisms. In this study, group-specific PCR and RAPD-PCR analyses were used to identify strains of the Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus groups most commonly used in probiotic yogurts. Group-specific PCR with primers for the L. casei and L. acidophilus groups, as well as L. gasseri/johnsonii, could differentiate between 20 Lactobacillus strains isolated from probiotic yogurts and assign these into the corresponding groups. For identification of these strains to species or strain level, RAPD profiles of the 20 Lactobacillus strains were compared with 11 reference strains of the L. acidophilus and L. casei group. All except one strain could be attributed unambigously to the species L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii, L. crispatus, L. casei, and L. paracasei. DNA reassociation analysis confirmed the classification resulting from the RAPD-PCR.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2025

Natural, safety immunomodulatory derivatives of lactobacillus biofilms promote diabetic wound healing by metabolically regulating macrophage phenotype and alleviating local inflammation.

INTRODUCTION: Long-term inflammatory microenvironment further impairs the healing process of diabetic wounds. Many studies have shown that Lactobacillus can regulate immune function and promote injured tissue repair. However, the immunomodulatory function and safety of Lactobacillus biofilm (LB) on wounds need further investigation. OBJECTIVES: In this present research, we proposed a "bacteria-free biofilm derivative therapy" and successfully extracted Lactobacillus biofilm derivatives (LBDs) by ultrasonic separation and filtration technology for the natural and safe treatment of diabetic wounds. METHODS: The study first cultured Lactobacillus anaerobically and extracted LBDs using ultrasound separation combined with filtration technology. LBDs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Concanavalin A fluorescence staining, and protein gel electrophoresis. In vivo diabetic wound model, wound closure rates were dynamically monitored, and tissue sections were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin and immunofluorescence staining to evaluate LBDs' healing effects. An in vitro macrophage inflammation model was established, employing immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Western blotting techniques to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying LBDs' effects on macrophage phenotypes. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing and proteomics of LBDs-treated macrophages were performed to further elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms through which LBDs regulate macrophage phenotypes. RESULTS: LBDs were effectively extracted utilizing ultrasonic separation coupled with filtration technology. Studies revealed that LBDs modulate the systemic metabolic reprogramming in wound-site macrophages, suppress JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway, alleviate the local inflammatory microenvironment, promote neovascularization and ultimately accelerate wound healing. CONCLUSION: The LBDs retains most bioactive components of the LB. As a natural, safe and immunomodulatory agent, LBDs promote diabetic wound healing by metabolically reprogramming macrophage phenotypes and improving the local immune microenvironment, offering promising potential for regenerative applications in diabetic wound management.

Wound Healing↗
PubMed1996

Lactobacillus- and bifidobacterium-mediated antigenotoxicity in the colon of rats.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are proposed to have several beneficial effects, including the inactivation of carcinogens. We have studied the potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus (from a commercially available yogurt), Lactobacillus gasseri (P79), Lactobacillus confusus (DSM20196), Streptococcus thermophilus (NCIM 50083), Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum (from human infant stool) to prevent the induction of DNA damage by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 7.5 mg/kg body wt) in colon cells of the rat. Using the new technique of single cell microgel electrophoresis, all investigated strains were antigenotoxic toward MNNG after a single dose of 10(10) viable cells/kg body wt p.o. eight hours before the carcinogen. One-half and one-tenth of this initial dose resulted in a loss of protective activity. High doses of heat-treated L. acidophilus strains were also not antigenotoxic. One mechanism of the preventive effect could be that bacterial metabolites or components are responsible. Accordingly, selected examples were investigated in vitro in colon cells of the rat. Metabolically active L. acidophilus cells, as well as an acetone extract of the culture, prevented MNNG-induced DNA damage. Different cell fractions from L. acidophilus (cytoplasm, cell wall skeleton, cell wall) were devoid of antigenotoxic activity, whereas the peptidoglycan fraction and whole freeze-dried cells were antigenotoxic. As a second carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was used. A dose- and time-response study was first performed to assess the effects of DMH in several segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Exposure for 16 hours to 15 or 25 mg DMH/kg body wt p.o. induced DNA damage in cells of the distal colon of rats, whereas no cytotoxicity was seen. Pretreatment orally with LAB on four consecutive mornings before DMH gavage (8 hours after the last LAB application) revealed that L. acidophilus, L. confusus, L. gasseri, B. longum, and B. breve inhibited the genotoxic effect of DMH. One of four S. thermophilus and one of three Lactobacillus delbrueckeii ssp. bulgaricus strains were also protective. Heat-treated L. acidophilus did not inhibit DMH-induced genotoxicity. A few aliquots of the colon cells were processed immunohistochemically for the presence of the "proliferation cell nuclear antigen" (PCNA). DMH treatment did not increase PCNA, nor was there any modulation by LAB. The effect of L. acidophilus on foreign compound-metabolizing enzymes (Phase I and Phase II) in liver and colon cells of rats revealed only one parameter to be modulated, namely, a two- to three-fold increase in the levels of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The meaning of this finding, in terms of possible chemoprevention by LAB, remains unclear. In conclusion, our studies show that most, but not all, LAB tested could strongly inhibit genotoxicity in the GI tract of the rat and that viable LAB organisms are required for the protective effect in vivo. The comet assay technique is a powerful tool to elucidate such in vivo antigenotoxic activities in tumor target tissues.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1995

Genetic analysis of acidocin B, a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus.

The genes encoding the production of acidocin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus strain M46 which is active against Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium sporogenes, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, but inactive against most other Lactobacillus species, were previously localized on a 4 kb XbaI-HindIII fragment of plasmid pCV461. In the present work, DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of three consecutive ORFs, which potentially code for hydrophobic peptides composed of 60, 91 and 114 amino acids, respectively, and a fourth ORF of opposite polarity which could potentially encode a peptide of 59 amino acids. The middle ORF (ORF-2; acdB) was identified as the gene encoding acidocin B by comparing the amino acid composition of highly purified acidocin B with the deduced amino acid sequence of ORF-2. Our results suggest that acidocin B is synthesized as a precursor which is processed at a site which conforms to the ' -3, -1' rules of von Heijne to yield active acidocin B (59 amino acids). The presence of an immunity-protein-encoding gene on the 4 kb XbaI-BamHI fragment was deduced from the capacity of a plasmid vector harbouring this fragment to confer immunity upon transformation of L. fermentum NCK127. One of the three non-assigned ORFs may encode this immunity protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1973

Cytological and deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization studies on lactobacillus isolates from San Francisco sourdough.

Molecular taxonomic and electron microscopy studies were performed on four bacterial isolates obtained from different sources of San Francisco sourdough (SD). These bacteria were first isolated by Kline and Sugihara who tentatively described them as a previously unreported species of heterofermentative Lactobacillus; they suggested the name Lactobacillus sanfrancisco. The guanine plus cytosine base composition (%GC) of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ranged from 38 to 40%. The possible genetic relatedness of these SD isolates to five known species of Lactobacillus with comparable GC contents was assessed in the present work by means of DNA-DNA hybridization competition experiments. Little or no DNA homology was observed between the SD bacteria and the known species. The SD bacteria exhibited a high degree of homology (>88%) among themselves, suggesting that the four isolates were identical taxonomically. Also, the electron photomicrographs revealed structures similar to those of gram-positive bacilli. Accordingly, since these SD isolates have the characteristic phenotypic and morphological properties of the genus Lactobacillus and are not related genetically to any known species, the tentative characterization by the above workers of these isolates as a new species is substantiated.

Bread↗
PubMed1999

Efficiency of transcription from promoter sequence variants in Lactobacillus is both strain and context dependent.

The introduction of consensus -35 (TTGACA) and -10 (TATAAT) hexamers and a TG motif into the Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 wild-type slpA promoter resulted in significant improvements (4.3-, 4.1-, and 10.7-fold, respectively) in transcriptional activity in Lactobacillus fermentum BR11. In contrast, the same changes resulted in decreased transcription in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The TG motif was shown to be important in the context of weak -35 and -10 hexamers (L. fermentum BR11) or a consensus -10 hexamer (L. rhamnosus GG). Thus, both strain- and context-dependent effects are critical factors influencing transcription in Lactobacillus.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2003

Impact of two probiotic Lactobacillus strains feeding on fecal lactobacilli and weight gains in chicken.

Two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus agilis JCM 1048 and L. salivarius subsp. salicinius JCM 1230 isolated from chicken intestine, exhibited probiotic characteristics that can be applied for chicken production. After 7 days of probiotic feeding (FD7), the count of intestinal lactobacilli in the probiotic group (group P, n=10) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the control group (group C, n=9). After 40 days of probiotic feeding (FD40), the lactobacilli and enterococci counts were stable but the Enterobacteriaceae number was significantly reduced (p<0.05). A total of 163 isolated lactobacilli were identified as the L. acidophilus/gallinarum group (49.7%), L. agilis (30.7%), L. salivarius (9.2%), L. reuteri (9.2%), and Lactobacillus spp. (1.2%). The probiotic lactobacilli positively affected the Lactobacillus biota in chickens at FD7, with a significant increase in the number (p<0.05) of L. agilis and group P. The viable counts of each Lactobacillus species at FD40, however, showed no differences between two groups. An increasing incidence of L. agilis was also noted with probiotic feeding. The probiotic effect of two strains resulted in significantly increased weight gains (10.7%) of group P in comparison with group C at FD40 (p<0.01).

Animal Feed↗