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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Sex differences in factorial dimension of verbal, logical, mathematical and visuospatial ability.

The factor structure of verbal, logical, visuospatial, and mathematical ability was compared for responses from 52 male and 54 female college students. Separate verbal, quantitative, and visuospatial factors were isolated among males while compound verbal-mathematical-visuospatial and verbal-logical-field dependence factors were isolated among females. The data supported the hypothesis of sex-related differences in the factorial organization of verbal, mathematical, reading, writing, and visuospatial ability.

Female↗
PubMed1990

The Melbourne Chart--a logical guide to neonatal resuscitation.

Resuscitation of the asphyxiated infant is one of the great emergencies in medical practice. Properly done, it can save many lives and greatly reduce the morbidity resulting from hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, but if it is ineptly performed, the effects of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy may be accentuated, with resultant increased morbidity and even mortality. Other than paediatricians, few practitioners have regular experience in neonatal resuscitation: indeed many, including obstetricians, anaesthetists, general practitioners and midwives may only rarely face the problem of severe asphyxia. It is therefore essential for the occasional practitioner to have ready reference to a logical guide to resuscitation. We have designed such a guide which is widely distributed in delivery suites and operating theatres in Victoria. Its basic form has been in use for over a decade and it has recently been revised. Use of the chart assists the resuscitator to judge the level of resuscitation required. It is our experience that much unnecessary intervention occurs at resuscitation, and we believe the methods outlined in this schematic chart represent a more conservative but logical approach to neonatal resuscitation. The chart is based on the pathophysiological changes that occur in perinatal asphyxia, directing the user to the appropriate manoeuvres required to correct those changes, depending on the degree of asphyxia which is determined by clinical signs and by use of the Apgar score.

Apgar Score↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is there logic behind fetal monitoring?

Practitioners of biomedicine pride themselves on making logical decisions based on scientific fact and research evidence. However, continuous electronic fetal monitoring, as it is applied in contemporary North American obstetric practice, does not stand up to the rules of logic or the application of empirical evidence. In the face of growing evidence against the efficacy of continuous electronic fetal monitoring for improving birth outcomes, perinatal health care providers need to critically evaluate the arguments that supported its inception and consider whether its continued application can be defended.

Canada↗
PubMed2003

A three terminal ring interferometer logic gate.

We propose a carbon-based logic gate where and, or, and xor logic operations are available. It consists of a carbon nanotube (CNT) ring coupled to three external CNT-leads, two of them used as input channels, and the third as the output channel. The total transmission for two inputs displays characteristic interference effects. The constructive interference leads to total transmission significantly larger than that for a single input and validates and gates, whereas the destructive interference corresponds to xor gates. For or gates a negligible interference between the transmittance of each single inputs is needed.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1985

Personality assessment from the view of logical learning theory.

The gradual transition from clinical assessment to basic personality research in the author's professional development is reviewed, Thanks to the understanding and encouragement of Walter G. Klopfer the author found it possible to extend a line of teleological theorizing that has proven empirically viable for several years to date. This approach to human description is known as logical learning theory. The essentials of logical learning theory are reviewed and its application to personality assessment is highlighted.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The interplay between economic and political logics: path dependency in health care in England.

The purpose of this article is to use the ideas of path dependency to understand why policies implemented by governments for health care in England were and are suboptimal in terms of the control of total costs, the equitable distribution of hospital services, and efficiency in delivery. We do this by relating the economic logic of achieving these objectives to the political logic of a state-hierarchical system in which ministers are accountable for the effects of policies and doctors largely decide the supply and demand of health care. The initial policy path of the National Health Service (NHS) controlled costs but lacked systems to achieve equity and efficiency in the funding of hospitals. Policies were introduced to achieve equity, but not efficiency, in the 1970s. The Thatcher government sought efficiency through a budgetary squeeze in the 1980s, which culminated in the NHS funding crisis of 1987 - 1988. The result was the policies of the NHS internal market, which promised efficiency by introducing a purchaser-provider split and a system of provider competition in which money would follow the patient. These promises justified an injection of extra funds for three years, but only a pallid model of the internal market was implemented. The Blair government abandoned the rhetoric of competition but maintained the purchaser-provider split and continued to constrain total NHS costs, which resulted in the funding crisis of 1998 - 1999. Current policies are to substantially increase spending on health care and reintroduce a system of provider competition in which money will follow the patient.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2006

Fuzzy-logic optical optimization of mainframe CPU and memory.

The allocation of CPU time and memory resources is a familiar problem in organizations with a large number of users and a single mainframe. Usually the amount of resources allocated to a single user is based on the user's own statistics not on the statistics of the entire organization, therefore patterns are not well identified and the allocation system is prodigal. A fuzzy-logic-based algorithm to optimize the CPU and memory distribution among users based on their history is suggested. The algorithm works on heavy and light users separately since they present different patterns to be observed. The result is a set of rules generated by the fuzzy-logic inference engine that will allow the system to use its computing ability in an optimized manner. Test results on data taken from the Faculty of Engineering of Tel Aviv University demonstrate the capabilities of the new algorithm.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Photonic logic NOR gate based on two symmetric microring resonators.

We demonstrate an all-optical NOR logic gate based on symmetric GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators whose resonances are closely matched. Two input pump data streams are tuned close to one resonance of the symmetric microrings to switch a probe beam tuned to another resonance by two-photon absorption. The switching energy of the gate is 20 pJ/pulse, and the switching window is 40 ps, limited by the carrier lifetime. The use of two rings provides for better cascading in photonic logic circuits because of the higher number of available ports.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Inference of disease-related molecular logic from systems-based microarray analysis.

Computational analysis of gene expression data from microarrays has been useful for medical diagnosis and prognosis. The ability to analyze such data at the level of biological modules, rather than individual genes, has been recognized as important for improving our understanding of disease-related pathways. It has proved difficult, however, to infer pathways from microarray data by deriving modules of multiple synergistically interrelated genes, rather than individual genes. Here we propose a systems-based approach called Entropy Minimization and Boolean Parsimony (EMBP) that identifies, directly from gene expression data, modules of genes that are jointly associated with disease. Furthermore, the technique provides insight into the underlying biomolecular logic by inferring a logic function connecting the joint expression levels in a gene module with the outcome of disease. Coupled with biological knowledge, this information can be useful for identifying disease-related pathways, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches for interfering with the functions of such pathways. We present an example providing such gene modules associated with prostate cancer from publicly available gene expression data, and we successfully validate the results on additional independently derived data. Our results indicate a link between prostate cancer and cellular damage from oxidative stress combined with inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms normally triggered by such damage.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1979

Untangling the logics of urban service bureaucracies: the strange case of the San Francisco Municipal Railway.

Marxist analysts have developed theoretical propositions concerning the conflicting functions of government in advanced capitalist countries, while public policy analysts have examined the logic of public resource allocation. Through an historical analysis of a typical urban bureaucracy, the San Francisco Municipal Railway, this paper describes how bureaucratic structure and functioning relate to broader conflicts over whom government actions should benefit. It concludes that the apparent shortcomings of the organization can be traced to, and were caused by, this conflict. The argument thus draws from each of these two quite different approaches to the question of what logic motivates the public sector.

California↗
PubMed1993

Mondrian and the "boogie woogies": interruption of inner developmental logic or completion in old age?

Taking the work of the painter Piet Mondrian as a point of departure, artistic continuity and change are examined from a lifespan developmental perspective. It is argued that decontextualized continuity tends to occur within a given lifestage, whereas contextualized change is apt to emerge during a transition from one lifestage to another. Thus, Mondrian's gradual development of a unique style, predicated on logical, stage-like unfolding, is related to a midlife emphasis on formal structure. From a similar perspective, his dramatic shift away from this inner logic of development in his last work, the Boogie Woogies, is attributed to an ultimate effort in old age to synthesize art and reality, to reconcile a conflict between the laws of art and direct expression of sense experience.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applying the principle of logical elimination to probabilistic diagnosis.

A probability theorem is described which identifies the factors to be considered when applying the principle of logical elimination to probabilistic diagnosis. The proof is based only on the multiplication, addition and universal bound axioms of probability. When new tests are being designed from knowledge of disease mechanisms, criteria based on the theorem can be used to assess their suitability for interpretation in a logical manner. A simple convention is adopted to allow probabilities to be substantiated in terms of observed frequencies.

Diagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular leaders moving beyond logic: an active strategy for advancing cardiac services.

Cardiac leaders need to put forth cogent, well-articulated, conceptually sound reasons for pursuing issues that they consider to be significant to the future of their service. Logic, rationality, and quantification of issues are "givens"--they are the price of admission that one pays to have an issue contested in the organizational arena. Understanding the larger sphere in which CV issues reside by contextualizing logic and rationality in terms of organizational culture, power, politics, group dynamics, and ego improves the chance that the cardiac agenda will receive thoughtful consideration and support by organizational decision-makers. Clearly, optimal CV performance can only be attained through the process of sophisticated interdependence. Accordingly, by understanding and using the Iceberg in its entirety, CV leaders will manifest the power of it to bring about constructive change and market viability. The completed model appears in Figure 6. As your cardiovascular team advocates for the CV agenda, take care to "be as wary as snakes but as harmless as doves.

Cardiology Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1999

Outpatient health care statistics data warehouse--logical design.

Outpatient Health Care Statistics on a state level is a central point where all relevant statistic data are collected from various sources from all over the country. Various and complex requirements for processing and reporting data makes Outpatient Health Care Statistics on a state level a perfect example for efficient implementing of Data warehouse technology. The research investigates logical design of data warehouse with a special attention on a different data modeling technique in various phases of a logical data warehouse design. The research shows that a requirement for processing statistical data determines the design decision and thus the scope and semantic value of final data warehouse.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2001

[Correlation of spatial EEG synchronization with verbal-logical and visual-spatial abilities in humans].

The EEG was recorded from five monopolar leads: a spontaneous one as well as the EEG during verbal-logical or visual-spatial tests, in humans. The subjects with prevailing visual-spatial abilities had a spontaneous EEG with a low intercorrelation between the hemispheres and a higher level of the EEG synchronisation in parietal-occipital areas as compared with the frontal those, whereas subjects with prevailing verbal abilities had an inverse correlation of the above EEG parameters. The parameters' interrelationships in subjects' spontaneous EEG seem to reflect an individual and specific character of cerebral neurodynamics suggesting a negative correlation between the verbal-logical and visual-spatial abilities in humans.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chagas, the logic and the discovery].

This article examines how chance and error were at the root of Carlos Chagas' discovery of the new disease entity that was subsequently named after him. From the perspective of historical epistemology, the author reviews the pathways taken by Chagas' research and raises doubts as to what became the official version, concluding that the logic of history contradicts the right of logic.

Brazil↗
PubMed2001

Using GEM-encoded guidelines to generate medical logic modules.

Among the most effective strategies for changing the process and outcomes of clinical care are those that make use of computer-mediated decision support. A variety of representation models that facilitate computer-based implementation of medical knowledge have been published, including the Guideline Elements Model (GEM) and the Arden Syntax for Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). We describe an XML-based application that facilitates automated generation of partially populated MLMs from GEM-encoded guidelines. These MLMs can be further edited and shared among Arden-compliant information systems to provide decision support. Our work required three steps: (a) Knowledge extraction from published guideline documents using GEM, (b) Mapping GEM elements to the MLM slots, and (c) XSL transformation of the GEM-encoded guideline. Processing of a sample guideline generated 15 MLMs, each corresponding to a conditional or imperative element in the GEM structure. Mechanisms for linking various MLMs are necessary to represent the complexity of logic typical of a guideline.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1994

Normative problems for the Wechsler Memory Scale-revised logical memory test when used in litigation.

A sample of 100 neuropsychologically normal worker's compensation claimants was evaluated with the Trail Making Test, the Logical Memory Test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) (immediate and delayed) and the (MMPI) to determine the appropriateness of the Logical Memory norms for individuals in litigation. Results indicate these claimants performed below normal, possibly due to depression or poor motivation while age and education were not important factors. The danger of using such norms uncritically in litigation cases is discussed.

Journal Article↗