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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Nuclear morphometry and molecular biomarkers of actinic keratosis, sun-damaged, and nonexposed skin.

Computer-assisted image analysis is useful for quantifying the histologic and molecular changes of sun-induced squamous cell carcinoma progression. We used the CAS 200 image analysis system to measure nuclear morphometric parameters, p53 expression, and proliferation markers in actinic keratosis (AK), sun-exposed, and normal skin in 51 patients. Nuclear morphometry revealed significant increases in nuclear absorbance, irregularity of nuclear shape, and nuclear size in AK compared with normal and sun-damaged skin. These parameters showed significantly greater variability in AK nuclei. Argyrophyllic nucleolar organizer area and number were also significantly greater in AK compared with sun-damaged skin and normal skin. Ki67 and p53 expressions were both increased in sun-damaged skin relative to normal and greater still in AK. These data are evidence that sun damage induces proliferation and p53 abnormalities before the appearance of nuclear abnormalities and their associated DNA instability. Following these changes during a skin cancer chemopreventative trial can then help assess the efficacy of the agent and help determine where in the progression of neoplastic changes it exerts its biological effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Treatment options in the management of actinic keratosis.

Successful treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) requires an understanding of available treatments and matching those treatments with each patient's disease severity, lifestyle, insurance coverage, and primary reason for the physician visit. Cryotherapy and other destructive strategies are optimal for hypertrophic and clearly delineated lesions, but they may not address subclinical lesions and are associated with risk of scarring, infection, and pigmentary changes. Topical therapies such as the fluorouracil creams are appropriate for treating large regions of affected skin but are associated with application-site irritation. A combination of destructive and topical approaches may benefit patients with multiple lesion pathologies.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Fluorouracil 5% and 0.5% creams for the treatment of actinic keratosis: equivalent efficacy with a lower concentration and more convenient dosing schedule.

Several formulations and concentrations of topical fluorouracil have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). The most commonly used are the fluorouracil 5% and 0.5% creams. In clinical trials, these formulations have demonstrated a marked ability to partially and completely eradicate AK lesions. Application site irritation, erythema, and burning are common side effects of both formulations, but comparative data suggest that the fluorouracil 0.5% cream is more cost-effective and may be safer, more tolerable, and as efficacious as fluorouracil 5% cream.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2005

The use of topical imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis: a status report.

Topical imiquimod 5% cream is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK), superficial basal cell carcinoma, and external genital warts. The drug's mechanism of action is via stimulation of innate and acquired immune responses, which ultimately leads to inflammatory cell infiltration within the field of drug application followed by apoptosis of diseased tissue. This article reviews available data on the use of topical imiquimod for AK. Topical imiquimod is an effective and safe treatment option for AK that produces complete eradication or marked reduction in the number of lesions in most patients. Subclinical lesions also emerge during treatment of the affected skin region ("field treatment"). In addition, there is evidence that topical imiquimod at least partially reverses some of the cellular, molecular, and genetic photocarcinogenic changes that develop in skin damaged by UV light. Recent evidence suggests that many patients who effectively are cleared of AK lesions after topical imiquimod use remain free of lesions for several months to 2 years or develop a minimal number of new AK lesions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Current treatments of actinic keratosis.

Actinic keratosis (AK) lesions should be treated because they may evolve into lesions clinically indistinguishable from those of invasive squamous cell carcinoma which require expensive therapy. Treatment options for AK include cryosurgery, curettage and excisional surgery, dermabrasion, chemical peels, laser resurfacing, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imiquimod, diclofenac, and tretinoin, each with advantages and limitations. Clinical trial results show that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an effective and safe treatment of nonhypertrophic AK lesions of the scalp and face. ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX may be activated by a variety of light sources. ALA incubation times of 1-hour make ALA PDT a practical procedure for the treatment of AK lesions. Clinical trials show that PDT with methyl aminolevulinate (MAOP) is also a safe and effective treatment of AKs of the face and scalp; MAOP is available in Europe but not in the US at the time of this writing. ALA PDT offers efficacy against multiple AKs without the adverse effects of 5-FU or imiquimod.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed2006

Mechanisms of action of new treatment modalities for actinic keratosis.

Actinic keratosis (AK) constitutes the initial lesion in a disease continuum that can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this article, we describe the mechanisms of action, tolerability, and efficacy of the most frequently used chemopreventative, chemotherapeutic, destructive, and novel immunologic methods for the control and treatment of actinic keratoses.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed2006

[Actinic keratosis].

Actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion that is commonly seen in the elderly patient and requires treatment. It shows a predilection for areas of the skin that are exposed to the sun, and usually manifests as multiple skin-colored or discrete reddish scaly verrucous plaques. The diagnosis is usually based on the clinical appearance of the lesion. Therapeutic options include physical, immunological and chemical measures. The choice of treatment is determined by numerous factors, and can be adapted to the individual situation presenting.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic value of DNA content in keratosis and adult papilloma of the larynx.

Nuclear DNA content of laryngeal epithelial cells in smears was carried out by DNA cytometry with automatic microscope and T.V. image analysis system in 6 adult papilloma and 10 keratosis of the larynx patients. The method had high degree of precision confirmed by whole tissue biopsy and serial sections. The method is non invasive and allows fair diagnosis of suspicious and early malignant cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Keratosis obturans].

The Keratosis obturans is a disease localized in the EAC. It is an important pathology because its physiopathology differs from other analogous diseases of the same site, and has a clinical and pathological aspect uniform and peculiar, in spite of its evolutive course. The AA. review the bibliography and report their experience with the aim to define and classify this disorder.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Actinic keratosis and premalignant skin damage.

Because of the prevalence of actinic keratosis and its significance if untreated, dermatology nurses must understand the clinical characteristics, etiologies, and risks of malignant transformation of these lesions.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Lectin histochemistry in psoriasis, lichen planus and keratosis seborrheica].

Using 14 different biotinyl lectins and avidin horseradish peroxidase, we studied the lectin binding patterns in the epidermis of the lesions in 37 cases of psoriasis, 9 cases of lichen planus and 18 cases of keratosis seborrheica. In comparison with normal human skin, epidermal lectin binding patterns in these diseases showed considerable qualitative and quantitative abnormalities, among which some were characteristic. These findings revealed significant changes in keratinocytic glycoconjugates in these diseases, providing clues to their pathogeneses. The detected changes suggest that the maturation pathway of the keratinocytes in psoriasis differs qualitatively from the normal cases and is not merely a result of rapid transit of the cells.

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharyngeal keratosis].

A case of keratosis pharyngis is presented. This disease is infrequent, benign and of etiology unknown. Clinically present horny outgrowths in the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx, but without symptoms. The horny projections sooner or later disappear spontaneously in months or years, however tonsillectomy seems to be indicated in all cases in which the symptoms are worrying the patient, who present an evident "cancerophobia" frequent symptom of this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Spreading pigmented actinic keratosis. An electron microscopic study.

Spreading pigmented actinic keratosis is a rarely reported premalignant, pigmented, epidermal tumor that can be difficult to distinguish clinically from other benign and malignant pigmented lesions. In an attempt to determine the cause of clinical hyperpigmentation, seven lesions from five patients were examined by light microscopy. Three of these lesions were also examined using electron microscopy. Findings from these studies indicate that hyperpigmentation is due to enhanced melanosome formation and distribution and not to a melanocyte-keratinocyte melanosome transfer block.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[DNA content in laryngeal keratosis, laryngeal cancer and normal laryngeal epithelium].

The DNA content in laryngeal precancerous lesion, laryngeal keratosis, laryngeal carcinoma and normal laryngeal epithelium had been measured in order to study the relationship between histopathologic picture and DNA content. The results showed that the DNA content in keratotic tissue increased to varying degrees as compared with the normal tissue. The DNA content in laryngeal cancer increased distinctly, being much higher than that in normal and keratotic tissues.

DNA↗
PubMed1989

Seborrheic keratosis with possible central regression.

We describe a case of suspected superficial-type basal cell epithelioma. However, it showed the histologic features of pigmented seborrheic keratosis and, on the basis of the clinical and histologic findings and the developmental course, was presumed to have undergone central regression. Mononuclear cell inflammation was considered to be involved in the regression.

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗