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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Anesthetic aspects of laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the anesthetic aspects and intraoperative hemodynamic data and immediate postoperative outcomes in patients whose pheochromocytoma resection was performed either laparoscopically or by traditional open surgery. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic procedures (a single surgeon) were compared with 20 patients who underwent open surgery. The patients' records were reviewed for demographic information, preoperative medical history and therapy, intraoperative hemodynamic data, fluid balance, and immediate postoperative course. RESULTS: No differences between the highest intraoperative blood pressures and number of hypertensive episodes between the two groups were found. However, in laparoscopic patients, the intraoperative hypotension was less severe (mean lowest blood pressure 98/57 mm Hg versus 88/50 mm Hg, P = 0.05), and the hypotensive episodes were less frequent (median 0 versus 2, P = 0.005) and required fewer interventions with vasopressors (P = 0.02). Extreme high and extreme low heart rates did not differ between the two groups. The estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopic group (P = 0.0001), but the total intraoperative fluid requirement and operative times were similar in the two groups. Patients in the laparoscopic group resumed walking earlier (median 1.5 versus 4 days, P = 0.002) and resumed oral food intake sooner (median 1 versus 3.5 days, P = 0.0001). The median duration of hospitalization in patients who underwent laparoscopic and open adrenalectomy was 3 and 7.5 days, respectively (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative hemodynamic values during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma were comparable to those of traditional open surgery, but the patients who underwent the laparoscopic procedure had a faster postoperative recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring of high risk surgical patients during the perioperative period.

The usefulness of noninvasive transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) and carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) sensors as well as invasive monitoring of flow and oxygen transport were evaluated in the perioperative period of a small series of high risk surgical patients. We used the pattern of physiological events preceding intraoperative death as the criteria for evaluation of the relative usefulness of these variables. Cardiac output (CO), oxygen delivery (DO2), and O2 consumption (VO2) provided the earliest warning of impending circulatory deterioration and were most useful during critical nonlethal circulatory episodes; these were closely paralleled by the PtcO2 index (PtcO2/PaO2); the PtcCO2 was less sensitive. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were highly variable with frequent changes unrelated to change in flow and O2 transport.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1984

Cholelithiasis in morbid obesity.

This study is based upon our experience with 477 morbidly obese patients who had gastric bariatric surgery during a five-year period. The incidence of biliary tract disease was 39.1%, about four times the incidence in the nonobese population. Intraoperative ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder was done in 50 patients. This technique is a useful adjunct in detecting occult biliary tract disease in morbidly obese patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[The influence of age on hemodynamics and the dose requirements of propofol and buprenorphine in total intravenous anesthesia].

A retrospective study was performed to determine the influence of age on hemodynamics and awakening time in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and buprenorphine for spinal surgery. Twenty patients (26-79 yr) were studied and allocated into following four groups by age: 26-49 yr, 50-59 yr, 60-69 yr, and elderly 70-79 yr. All patients were premedicated with midazolam (2.5-5 mg) i.m. Anesthesia was induced (60-180 ml.h-1) and maintained (20-60 ml.h-1) with propofol infusion with 40% oxygen in air, added with vecuronium and one single dose of buprenorphine (0.08-0.2 mg; 1.37-2.63 micrograms.kg-1) before incision. Mean arterial pressure was stable and did not differ in four groups. Heart rate was decreased (P < 0.01) in the elderly group compared with the group younger than 50 yr. Bradycardia (below 50 beat.min-1) occurred in 60% of the elderly group. An adequate dose of buprenorphine (microgram) was proposed as: 208 - 1.8 x age (yr) + 0.3 x weight (kg) (r = 0.90, P < 0.01). The induction and maintenance rates (ml.h-1) of propofol were decreased with age and increased with weight (P < 0.05). However, the maintenance dose of propofol (3.9-8.5 mg.kg-1.h-1) did not correlate with age. Awakening time was prolonged (P < 0.05) in the elderly group (17.0 +/- 7.2 min) as compared with the group of younger than 50 yr (8.0 +/- 3.9 min). The three patients requiring postoperative analgesics were younger than 60 yr. This study suggests that we should reduce the dose of buprenorphine with age in TIVA using propofol. About 50% of the dose given to the patient younger than 50 yr was considered adequate in the elderly group.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Reevaluation of the indications for tracheotomy in patients with OSAHS in perioperative period].

OBJECTIVE: To reevaluation of the indications for tracheotomy in patients with OSAHS during perioperative period. METHOD: Sixty-eight of 89 patients were severe OSAHS diagnosed with PSG. Perioperative management was taken out, including preoperative rediagnosis, CPAP treatment, treatment of medical complications, confirming the excision area in operation, using steroids to ease postoperative edema, and so on. RESULT: The mean minimum oxygen saturation of 51 patients received preoperative CPAP treatment was increased from (63.54 +/- 9.45)% to (83.32 +/- 8.85)% (t = 11.52, P < 0.01), and only one of them underwent tracheotomy because of severe fat. But two of 17 patients not received preoperative CPAP treatment underwent tracheotomy. No severe upper airway complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Intensive perioperative treatment can avoid tracheotomy in patients with severe OSAHS during perioperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Operative cholangiography by direct puncture of the common bile duct.

Direct common bile duct puncture offers an alternative to cystic duct cannulation in performance of operative cholangiography. Materials are readily available; no unusual cannulas or clamps are needed. The technique is easily mastered and consistently successful. Multiple roentgenograms, including one obtained after aspiration of dye from the duct, are of great advantage in detecting small stones. Careful application of puncture of the common bile duct does not add to morbidity nor does it prolong the recovery period.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in cyclopia patients].

PURPOSE: To analyse results and complications of cataract surgery with IOL implantation in monopic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 41 monopic patients underwent cataract surgery with IOL implantation during the period of 1995-1997. The follow up time ranged from 3 to 28 months (mean 16 months). RESULTS: Intraoperatively there were 2 cases of posterior capsule tears with vitreous loss. Postoperatively, transient hypertonia in 4 eyes, Descemet's membrane folds in 15 eyes, and fibrinous reaction in anterior chamber in 2 eyes were observed. 71% of patients achieved visual acuity of 5/5-5/12. CONCLUSION: Monopia should not be considered as a contraindication for IOL implantation, although special attention should be paid to choosing the proper time of operation, which should be performed extremely carefully by an experienced surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Low incidence of retained common bile duct stones using a selective policy of biliary imaging.

AIM: Biliary imaging has decreased since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to examine the incidence of retained common bile duct (CBD) stones, using a selective policy of biliary imaging. METHODS: A prospective computerised database was used to study patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy by one surgeon over 36 months. Two hundred and thirty-five patients (191 female, 44 male) were operated on. Ages ranged from 15 to 82 years (mean 47 years). Follow-up periods ranged from six to 39 months (mean 23.3 months). Selection for pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatogram (ERCP), intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) or neither depended on liver function tests (LFTs) and CBD diameter on ultrasound prior to surgery. If LFTs were persistently raised and/or the CBD was dilated on ultrasound, patients underwent pre-operative ERCP. If LFTs were raised, and returned to normal promptly, IOC was performed. RESULTS: Of 235 patients, 26 had pre-operative ERCP, 62 had IOC and 157 had neither. Ten patients had both ERCP and IOC. To date, one patient (0.43%) has radiologically-proven unsuspected retained CBD stones; these were successfully treated with ERCP. CONCLUSION: Selective biliary imaging in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe. This process identifies the majority of patients with ductal calculi and minimises the need for unnecessary ERCP and peroperative cholangiography.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Interpretation of duplex Doppler ultrasound in renal transplants in the early postoperative period.

A prospective study of duplex Doppler ultrasound in 29 renal transplants was undertaken to determine how to interpret Doppler findings in the immediate postoperative period. The study included intraoperative pulsed Doppler recordings from grafts immediately following release of vessel clamps. Subsequent follow-up studies were performed in the immediate postoperative period. Intraoperative Doppler appearances in the group as a whole were normal; there was a significant deterioration in Doppler appearances in the first 24-48 h of the postoperative period. In the absence of rejection subsequent Doppler appearances returned to normal. An abnormal Doppler appearance immediately following transplantation should be an expected result. If the Doppler fails to improve, or deteriorates having started to improve, rejection should be strongly suspected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Gamma nail osteosynthesis of per- and subtrochanteric femoral fractures. 4 years experiences and their consequences for further implant development].

The Gamma nail can be used in all types of per- and subtrochanteric fractures because of its biomechanical characteristics. In this prospective evaluation of our 330 patients treated between November 1989 and November 1993 the usefulness of the Gamma nail for the osteosynthesis of all types of fracture was evaluated. The rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications but also gait function, postoperative weight bearing, general complications, and survival were analysed. We compared the results of four therapy periods to evaluate the importance of the expertise of the surgeon and the 'learning curve'. The Gamma nail osteosynthesis was performed in 72-98% in unstable per- and subtrochanteric fractures. The nail diameters used shifted to the 12 mm nail (99%) and the 130 degrees angle (93%) in the fourth examination period. The intraoperative complication rate is highly dependent from the expertise of the surgeon and the experience with the system. The rate decreased from 42.2% in the first to 17.2% in the fourth examination period. The most important complications were: additional fractures (1.7%), distal locking screw problems (7%), femoral head rotation (2,4%), and not sufficient fracture reduction (4.1%). Whereas in general these did not influence the postoperative management the use of a too short femoral neck screw lead to instability. Postoperative local complications were: rotation of the femoral head and neck (0.6-5.5%), related to the gliding of the neck screw (0.6-4%), fracture at the end of the nail (1.8-4%), fatigue break of the nail (1 case) and hematoma (1.2-8.3%). In all these cases reoperation was needed. To reduce the rate of intra- and postoperative complications a new gliding nail (GN) is presented. Due to the double T-profile of the femoral neck blade the implant is stable for neck rotation. The blade has a collar which makes it impossible to implant the blade to deep in the femoral neck. The larger nail profile at the femoral neck perforation reduces the risk of implant failure. The implant can be used as dynamic compression as well as static implant both in the direction of femoral neck and shaft.

Aged↗
PubMed2007

Perioperative differences between endovascular repair of thoracic and abdominal aortic diseases.

BACKGROUND: With the US Food and Drug Administration approval of the TAG thoracic device, more thoracic pathologies are being treated using endovascular techniques. Although endovascular abdominal and thoracic aortic repairs have some apparent similarities, there are substantive anatomic, pathologic, and technical differences that could impact perioperative outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify these differences. METHODS: During a 5-year period, 121 endovascular thoracic aortic repairs (TEVAR) and 450 abdominal aortic repairs (EVAR) were performed at a single institution. Preoperative, intraoperative, and early postoperative data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. Aggregate outcome measures were compared between the two cohorts, with statistical significance achieved at P < .05. RESULTS: The mean age of patients undergoing EVAR was 72.8 +/- 8.3 compared with 68.3 +/- 13.9 for TEVAR (P = .02). More women underwent TEVAR (30.6% vs 11.1%, P < .001). Aneurysms undergoing TEVAR were larger than those for EVAR (62.0 mm vs 58.3 mm, P = .01). Intraoperatively, EVAR required 26.2 minutes of fluoroscopy compared with 22.1 minutes for TEVAR (P < .001). The amount of contrast used was higher in TEVAR (133.6 mL vs 93.6 mL, P < .001). The mean procedure times were 164 minutes for EVAR and 115 minutes for TEVAR (P < .001). Iliac conduits were required in 46 patients (10.2%) undergoing EVAR, and in 24 (19.8%) undergoing TEVAR (P = .007). The 30-day or in-hospital mortality was 2.0% for EVAR and 5.0% for TEVAR (P = NS). The median length of stay was longer for TEVAR (3 days vs 2 days, P =.034). There were 54 postoperative complications in 36 TEVAR patients (29.8%), including 13 neurologic (10.7%), 8 renal (6.6%), 7 pulmonary (5.8%), 6 ischemic (5.0), and 5 (4.1%) hemorrhagic events. Among the EVAR group, 136 (30.2%) patients had postoperative complications, which included 45 ischemic (10.0%), 34 wound (7.6%), 22 renal (4.9%), 12 cardiac (2.7%), 8 pulmonary (1.8%), 5 gastrointestinal (1.1%), and 4 neurologic (0.9%) events. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively higher proportion of women underwent TEVAR than EVAR, and this was reflected in the greater need for iliac conduits to accommodate the larger delivery catheters of the thoracic devices. Intraoperative imaging techniques were also different, and TEVAR required higher contrast volumes despite shorter overall procedure times. The incidence of strokes and spinal cord ischemia was also higher during TEVAR. Despite apparent similarities of devices and techniques, EVAR and TEVAR are fundamentally different procedures with different perioperative outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Outpatient termination of pregnancy: halothane or alfentanil-supplemented anaesthesia.

Inhalation anaesthesia with halothane was compared with i.v. alfentanil in 66 unpremedicated patients undergoing suction termination of pregnancy as outpatients. Blood loss was significantly greater in the halothane group with a mean loss of 213 ml, compared with a mean loss of 89.8 ml in the alfentanil group. There was a greater frequency of nausea and vomiting in the alfentanil group, but no reduction in abdominal pain or need for analgesia after operation. Positive relationships were found between blood loss and duration of anaesthesia and between blood loss and gestational age in the halothane group, but not in the alfentanil group. We conclude that alfentanil-supplemented anaesthesia is satisfactory for suction termination of pregnancy when rapid recovery is required or the duration of the procedure is likely to be long, but that halothane anaesthesia cannot be recommended, especially if the procedure is long.

Abortion, Induced↗