We may have stood on the shoulders of giants but we did not cite them.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Information Science↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Information Science”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Ab-Ag affinity thresholds in inventory optimization.
The role of antibody-antigen affinity and concentrations in adaptive antibody response is analyzed in a framework of probabilistic inventory model for antibody production. Our results indicate significant differences in optimal behaviours of low, moderate and high affinity groups and offer important implications. Interestingly, the involved approach is also of relevance in other production systems. Directions for its applications in industries and information sciences are also presented.
Animals↗
A vocabulary for medical informatics.
The terminology in medical informatics is evolving rapidly. The organizers of MEDINFO and SCAMC have used different sets of keywords to index their documents. Recognizing the limitations of this approach, members of those organizations joined with the National Library of Medicine in the creation of a better terminology for medical informatics. A hierarchical structure was placed on the terms to produce a thesaurus typical of the sort often used in the indexing and retrieving of documents. The building of this thesaurus began with an automatic merging of the thesaurus used by the Association of Computing Machinery and the Information Sciences component of the "Medical Subject Headings." This product was pruned by eliminating terms not related to those in the MEDINFO keyword list or not in the medical informatics literature. Further refinement of the thesaurus resulted from extensive discussions among the authors of this paper. The first major application of this terminology has been to the indexing of the articles in "MEDINFO-86 Proceedings." Major components of this medical informatics thesaurus also have been incorporated into the "Medical Subject Headings." This paper describes the process of preparing the thesaurus and presents an evaluation of its coverage of the "MEDINFO-86 Proceedings."
Abstracting and Indexing↗
Enzymes as molecular automata: a reflection on some numerical and philosophical aspects of the hypothesis.
Enzymes, by means of their properties of specific recognition and allosteric modulation, are able to integrate many separate processes into systemic units with coherent functions; in a sense, they have to be considered as the true organizers of the cytoplasmic processes. In this respect, the present article describes a simple model, based on binary variables and automata theory, which simulates the basic regulatory performance of the modulated enzyme. The model admits a variety of modifications and improvements; it also suggests some original lines of thought on which to reflect about the organization and collective phenomena of the networks of enzymes. In discussing the connection of this 'molecular automata' hypothesis with other areas of present-day theoretical biology, a fertile panorama of initiatives appear. A special partnership between Information Science (computation) and Biology is developing.
Cell Compartmentation↗
Information extraction and summarization from medical documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Miniaturized proteomics and peptidomics using capillary liquid separation and high resolution mass spectrometry.
Knowledge of the protein and peptide content in a tissue or a body fluid is vital in many areas of medical and biomedical sciences. Information from proteomic and peptidomic studies may reveal alterations in expression due to, e.g., a disease and facilitate the understanding of the pathophysiology and the identification of biological markers. In this minireview, we discuss miniaturized proteomic and peptidomic approaches that have been applied in our laboratory in order to investigate the protein and peptide contents of body fluids (such as plasma, cerebrospinal and amniotic fluid), as well as extracted tissues. The methods involve miniaturized liquid separation, i.e., capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS), i.e., Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS. These approaches provide the opportunity to analyze samples of small volumes with high throughput, high sensitivity, good dynamic range and minimal sample handling. Also, the experiments are relatively easy to automate.
Animals↗
Project based experiential distance education: an oxymoron?
In the context of a program in Health Information Science at the University of Victoria in Victoria, BC, Canada, we have over the past 20 years made progress and gained experience in delivering a number of courses in a project-based experiential learning mode which links professionals and students in real world projects. As we are moving towards distance education, we are facing the challenge of translating these achievements into distance mode. The paper reviews the principles which make project-based educational mode involving collaboration with professionals desirable. We then review the experience with two specific courses, in which local students work with distant and local representatives of health institutions, respectively, on projects defined in the professional environment. This experience showed that the approach is of mutual interest and benefit to both the students and the professionals involved, but that a long lead time, and considerable detail in the preparation are required to lead such endeavors to success. We then discuss three alternatives to translating the principles of these approaches into distance mode. Among the alternatives, conducting a local project, closely affiliated with the teaching institution, or relying on a mock project which is based on recorded examples from previous projects, seem to be the most promising options. The alternative of having every student pursuing a different project, which may be local for the student but distant for the educational institution, is less attractive if faculty are expected to assume responsibility for successful project completion. It may, however, be the preferred solution if students are health professionals residing at distant health care institutions. All three alternatives have drawbacks that may limit the feasibility of project-based experiential learning in distance mode.
British Columbia↗
Biomedical informatics training at Stanford in the 21st century.
The Stanford Biomedical Informatics training program began with a focus on clinical informatics, and has now evolved into a general program of biomedical informatics training, including clinical informatics, bioinformatics and imaging informatics. The program offers PhD, MS, distance MS, certificate programs, and is now affiliated with an undergraduate major in biomedical computation. Current dynamics include (1) increased activity in informatics within other training programs in biology and the information sciences (2) increased desire among informatics students to gain laboratory experience, (3) increased demand for computational collaboration among biomedical researchers, and (4) interaction with the newly formed Department of Bioengineering at Stanford University. The core focus on research training-the development and application of novel informatics methods for biomedical research-keeps the program centered in the midst of this period of growth and diversification.
Biomedical Engineering↗
Enrichment of OBO ontologies.
This paper describes a frame-based integration of the three GO subontologies, the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest ontology, and the Cell Type Ontology in which relationships are modeled in a way that better captures the semantics between biological concepts represented by the terms, rather than between the terms themselves, than previous frame-based efforts. We also describe a methodology for creating suggested enriching assertions by identifying patterns in GO terms, mapping these patterns to new, specific relationships, and matching term substrings to concepts. Using this methodology, a predicted assertion was made for 62% of GO terms that matched one of 31 patterns, and 97% of these predicted assertions were assessed to be valid, resulting in an initial set of over 4000 assertions. Furthermore, this methodology programmatically integrates assertions into an ontology such that each assertion is fully consistent with respect to higher (i.e., more general) relevant class and slot levels.
Computational Biology↗
National efforts to identify research issues related to prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back and upper extremity disorders, represent one of the greatest work-related health concerns facing industrialized nations. Recently, two national groups were charged with developing research agendas aimed at increasing our knowledge of the prevention of these disorders. The first agenda, developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) MSD team, was based on input from several hundred practitioners and safety and health experts representing industry, labor, and academia. The second agenda, developed by the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) National Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace, was based on input from leading researchers in the fields of medicine, information science, and ergonomics. This paper summarizes the findings of the two groups and compares the two research agendas.
Humans↗
The tuberculosis eradication programme in Ireland: a review of scientific and policy advances since 1988.
A national programme to eradicate bovine tuberculosis commenced in Ireland in 1954. During the last 15-20 years, research has been conducted to address gaps in knowledge of disease epidemiology, to objectively evaluate alternative strategy options, and to critically assess the implementation of disease control strategies. This paper provides a review of scientific and policy advances in Ireland since 1988, relevant to the tuberculosis eradication programme in Ireland. There have been substantial advances in knowledge of aspects of disease epidemiology, relating to cattle-to-cattle transmission, the role of wildlife, transmission of infection from wildlife and methods to minimise wildlife-to-cattle transmission. Further, scientific advances have been made both in the detection and management of infected herds. With respect to policy, the paper describes current policy and policy advances in both the detection and management of infected herds, as well as current strategies to prevent herd breakdowns. The Irish programme is a useful example of science-informed policy in a national context.
Animals↗
The telemedicine information exchange: an online resource.
Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications to provide health care services at a distance. It has grown from mostly government-subsidized research initiatives into a fledgling industry. This growth was fueled by decreasing costs of telecommunications and information technologies and fanned by rising health care costs. The telemedicine information exchange (TIE) (http:(/)/tie.telemed.org), developed by the Telemedicine Research Center in Portland, OR, is both a product and a vehicle of this rapid growth. It facilitates collection of telemedicine information from many sources, providing an easy-to-use hypertext format. This article describes the TIE's development, advantages and disadvantages of a web-based online library, and it's codevelopment with a rapidly expanding industry.
Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Effective and efficient nutritional support for the injured child.
This article discusses the critical points in nutritional support of the injured child. Each applies currently understood basic science information to practical bedside care.
Child↗
On impulsive autoassociative neural networks.
Many systems existing in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and information science can be characterized by impulsive dynamics caused by abrupt jumps at certain instants during the process. These complex dynamical behaviors can be modeled by impulsive differential systems or impulsive neural networks. This paper formulates and studies a new model of impulsive autoassociative neural networks. Several fundamental issues, such as global exponential stability and existence and uniqueness of equilibria of such neural networks, are established.
Models, Neurological↗
Joint explorations.
The 6th Joint Conference on Information Sciences was held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA, on 8-13 March 2002.
Journal Article↗
Security in perspective; luxury or must?
In this paper, security in health information systems is put into perspective. The further penetration of information technology into health care is discussed and it is concluded that information systems have already become a vital component, not only for the logistics of the health care institution but also for the rendering of care and cure. Health care depends heavily on adequate data, so availability and integrity are equally important. In view of the sensitive nature of many patient data, the importance of confidentiality was recognised long before computers were invented. For widespread use of IT in health care it is of vital importance that computers can be trusted in respect of confidentiality. This paper emphasises the need to pay attention to security and suggests a responsible approach with implementation of both technical and organisational measures.
Computer Security↗
Medical informatics education by medical professors within their discipline.
A system for medical informatics education for medical students has been developed in the medical school. This paper describes the concept underlying the development of this system and its progressive outcomes over 8 years. In order to stimulate students to acquire computer-related knowledge and skills, this subject has been integrated into the course works of various medical subjects such as physiology. In addition, acquired knowledge and skills are evaluated within each subject by the production of reports for example, using computers. This provides a concrete example for students of the relevance of the information sciences to the solving of medical problems. A well equipped computer facility for the study of medicine also plays a significant role in inspiring student incentive. A computer room equipped with Macintosh computers was opened adjacent to the main medical library and is used in the same manner as the library, with books replaced by computers. In addition, all new students acquire their own Macintosh PowerBook. These various initiations have facilitated concept that the computer may be applied to medical problem solving at any time or place and may become as commonplace as a pen in daily medical practice.
Computers↗
Why repetitive DNA is essential to genome function.
There are clear theoretical reasons and many well-documented examples which show that repetitive, DNA is essential for genome function. Generic repeated signals in the DNA are necessary to format expression of unique coding sequence files and to organise additional functions essential for genome replication and accurate transmission to progeny cells. Repetitive DNA sequence elements are also fundamental to the cooperative molecular interactions forming nucleoprotein complexes. Here, we review the surprising abundance of repetitive DNA in many genomes, describe its structural diversity, and discuss dozens of cases where the functional importance of repetitive elements has been studied in molecular detail. In particular, the fact that repeat elements serve either as initiators or boundaries for heterochromatin domains and provide a significant fraction of scaffolding/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) suggests that the repetitive component of the genome plays a major architectonic role in higher order physical structuring. Employing an information science model, the 'functionalist' perspective on repetitive DNA leads to new ways of thinking about the systemic organisation of cellular genomes and provides several novel possibilities involving repeat elements in evolutionarily significant genome reorganisation. These ideas may facilitate the interpretation of comparisons between sequenced genomes, where the repetitive DNA component is often greater than the coding sequence component.
Animals↗