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PubMed1998

[The Internet and medicine. I. Historical development, current organizational structure, E-mail, the Web and discussion forums].

The authors present an account on the historical development of the most important contemporary information network INTERNET from its beginnings in the sixties to the present time. They explain the historical circumstances of its development, elucidate its character and describe the creation and fusion of all main information networks during the seventies, eighties and nineties up to their present shape. They deal with the contemporary organizational structure of INTERNET, safety and reliability of transmitted information and values of its services. They explain terms like E-mail, Web, multimedia and discussion fora and describe how to join this gigantic information network in practice.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

[A quantitative and qualitative study on effective information flow for infectious disease control in welfare facilities for the elderly].

OBJECTIVES: To clarify factors associated with effective information tranges among staff of welfare facilities for the elderly, and to propose measures for an appropriate information flow system in welfare facilities and public health centers, communication channels and methods, and encouraging factors and barriers were investigated in terms of a printed medium on the control and management of scabies infections. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey and an interview survey were conducted with the staff of welfare facilities for the elderly where "Control and management manual of scabies infection" had been distributed by the Tama-Tachikawa Public Health Center in Tokyo. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to managers and chief practitioners of 66 facilities. Respondents were obtained from 66 managers and chief practitioners (response rate: 84.8%), and 831 practitioners (response rate: 53.1%). The questionnaire consisted of 20 items for managers and 18 items for chief practitioners, including experience of scabies epidemics in facilities, training experience for the use of "Control and management manual of scabies infection," measures for information gathering, and current information flow within the facility. A semi-structured interview survey was conducted with the manager and/or chief practitioner and practitioners in five facilities. The number of respondents was 10. The interview questions included job description, scabies control measures, dissemination of the manual to the staff, use of the manual, flows of health-related information, and factors associated with information flows. Summarized codes were extracted from the transcriptions from tape recording and were categorized repeatedly according to similarity. RESULTS: In the questionnaire survey, differences of Community information flow by types of facilities and professional backgrounds were found. Variation was detected in measures for information gathering and focuses in information management between managers/chief practitioners and practitioners. Practitioners wanted opportunities for information exchange while managers/chief practitioners mainly focused on prioritization of information collected. In addition, many respondents felt that information networks outside the facilities were poorly organized. From the interview survey, three major categories were extracted, that is, 'Information flow system,' 'Personal qualification,' and 'Factors related to the information flow system.' As factors related to the information flow system, the following 7 subcategories were extracted. 1. Interest in information; 2. Working style and workload; 3. Information networks outside the facility; 4. Information management in the facility; 5. Environment for information sharing; 6. Budget for the information system; and 7. Interpersonal communication. CONCLUSIONS: For an effective information system, welfare facilities for the elderly should work on staff training, building their own information flow systems and improving the environment for information sharing and networking with specialized agencies, such as public health centers. At the same time, public health centers should support networking, interpersonal two-way communication and training of welfare-facility workers.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Health care automation companies.

Health care automation companies: card transaction processing/EFT/EDI-capable banks; claims auditing/analysis; claims processors/clearinghouses; coding products/services; computer hardware; computer networking/LAN/WAN; consultants; data processing/outsourcing; digital dictation/transcription; document imaging/optical disk storage; executive information systems; health information networks; hospital/health care information systems; interface engines; laboratory information systems; managed care information systems; patient identification/credit cards; pharmacy information systems; POS terminals; radiology information systems; software--claims related/computer-based patient records/home health care/materials management/supply ordering/physician practice management/translation/utilization review/outcomes; telecommunications products/services; telemedicine/teleradiology; value-added networks.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

On-line estimation of biomass concentration using a neural network and information about metabolic state.

This paper deals with the design of a neural network-based biomass concentration estimation system. This system is enhanced by the incorporation of information about the actual metabolism of the microorganism cultivated, which is taken from an on-line knowledge-based system. Two different design approaches have been investigated using the fed-batch cultivation of baker's yeast as the model process. In the first, metabolic state (MS) data were passed as additional input to the neural network; in the second, these data were used to select a neural network suitable for the specific MS. Two neural network types--feed-forward (Levenberg-Marquardt) and cascade correlation--were applied to this system and tested, and the performances of these neural networks were compared.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Navigating networks with limited information.

We study navigation with limited information in networks and demonstrate that many real-world networks have a structure which can be described as favoring communication at short distance at the cost of constraining communication at long distance. This feature, which is robust and more evident with limited than with complete information, reflects both topological and possibly functional design characteristics. For example, the characteristics of the networks studied derived from a city and from the Internet are manifested through modular network designs. We also observe that directed navigation in typical networks requires remarkably little information on the level of individual nodes. By studying navigation or specific signaling, we take a complementary approach to the common studies of information transfer devoted to broadcasting of information in studies of virus spreading and the like.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

NExON-Bayes: a Bayesian approach to network estimation informed by ordinal covariates.

MOTIVATION: In heterogeneous disease settings, accounting for intrinsic sample variability is crucial for obtaining reliable and interpretable omic network estimates. However, most graphical model analyses of biomedical data assume homogeneous conditional dependence structures, potentially leading to misleading conclusions. To address this, we propose a joint Gaussian graphical model that leverages sample-level ordinal covariates (e.g. disease stage) to account for heterogeneity and improve the estimation of partial correlation structures. RESULTS: Our modelling framework, called NExON-Bayes, extends the graphical spike-and-slab framework to account for ordinal covariates, jointly estimating their relevance to the graph structure and leveraging them to improve the accuracy of network estimation. To scale to high-dimensional omic settings, we develop an efficient variational inference algorithm tailored to our model. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our method outperforms the vanilla graphical spike-and-slab (with no covariate information), as well as other state-of-the-art network approaches which exploit covariate information. Applying our method to reverse phase protein array data from patients diagnosed with stage I, II or III breast carcinoma, we estimate the behaviour of proteomic networks as cancer progresses. Our model provides insights not only through inspection of the estimated proteomic networks, but also of the estimated ordinal covariate dependencies of key groups of proteins within those networks, offering a comprehensive understanding of how biological pathways shift across disease stages. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: A user-friendly R package for NExON-Bayes with tutorials is available on Github at github.com/jf687/NExON, and archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20312938. The source of the dataset used is cited in the relevant section.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1987

Information system linking a medical school with practitioners and hospitals.

A recently established medical information network uses computers and telephone lines to link rural Georgia medical practitioners, Georgia hospitals, and the Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM) in Macon, Georgia. This network, the Georgia Interactive Network for Medical Information (GaIN), provides a service and educational support system for its members. The GaIN model embodies many of the educational and information management principles endorsed by two reports by the Association of American Medical Colleges: the 1984 report of the Project Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and a 1982 project report called "Academic Information in the Academic Health Sciences Center." The design, services, utilization patterns, and results of the GaIN project and implications for the network's future are described. Use of the GaIN has made MUSM students more at ease with computers, has connected MUSM with remote teaching sites and rural practices, and has served as a catalyst for Georgia physicians' investigation of computer applications to support health care delivery in the state.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

[The Library of Medicine of Córdoba, witness and protagonist of knowledge from the end of the 19th Century to the beginning of 21st Century].

In the nineteenth century, was founded the Medicine's Library of the National University Faculty of Medicine, center of knowledge, new ideas and teaching. The history library sector hold the valuable inheritance that represent the collection of Teachers Doctors, Pablo Mirizzi, Temístocles Castellano, Pedro Ara, José F. Verna, Juan Martín Allende located with the books and thesis of the XIX century and beginning of XX century. In 1986 it integrates the National Health Science Information Network and also, the Latino American and the Caribbean Health Science Information Network. The health libraries are in front of a new paradigm. The technologies of information and communication require new methods for administration of the information's resources and services, to answer the society information needs in the knowledge age. The traditional and virtual library is one unit that complement sources in different supports, electronic publications and interactive networks. It is the nexus between the scientific inheritance and the society, and it's mission is: Give local and virtual information's services and management the information's resources, basis of the knowledge society, support of teaching, investigation and extension of the Medical Sciences Faculty of the Córdoba National University.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1995

[Sentinel networks. The national public health network. State information].

In the area of health, the information system used by the authorities is based on a series of networks that need to be coordinated. 1. State information: State information as regards health epidemiology was for a long time fragmented. The reasons for this relative ignorance are varied, and are based both on professional and technical factors (preference of physicians for personal exchange rather than for statistical analysis, difficulties in data collection and mathematical processing), and on socio-political factors (the euphoria of years of economic growth). For a long time only the causes of death were appropriately documented (cf. Mme Facy's report). In the last decade, a variety of initiatives has been directed towards all fields, and morbidity is becoming better defined thanks to the ORS (Regional Health Observatories) (cf. M. Garro's speech) and health registers (cf. M. Schaffer). Warning systems are becoming a principal preoccupation for most people in positions of authority, and explain the proliferation of surveillance networks. 2. Sentinel networks: A 'sentinel network' is an interactive surveillance system involving the collection of health data on a routine basis by a group of doctors (general physicians, biologists, etc.). Initially conceived for the surveillance of communicable diseases, they are also used for all diseases requiring early warning and rapid intervention (effects of sudden pollution, surveillance of drugs and poisons, etc.). These sentinel networks have expanded in our countries to complement the compulsory notification systems for infectious diseases, whose 'passive' nature often leads to under-notification (and therefore a non-representative selection) and delayed notification of cases, and whose range of influence does not cover all communicable diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Community Networks↗
PubMed1997

Design of access control methods for protecting the confidentiality of patient information in networked systems.

Public awareness of the potential for violation of personal privacy in clinical information systems is increasing. Much of this increase can be attributed to the popularity and publicity of the World Wide Web. Nightly news reports of intruder break-ins and flaws in Internet software security have stimulated public interest in the security of clinical information systems available over the web. As part of the development of systems designed to provide clinical narratives to physicians over the Internet, we are exploring designs that provide additional protection and security to these systems. Specifically, we are developing and testing automated access control measures based on provider-patient relationships for controlling access to personally identifiable patient information.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1983

Social networks, information-seeking, and the utilization of services.

Voluntary participation by low-income and/ar high-risk populations in prevention-oriented human service programs is minimal and dropout rates are high. Examination of social networks as they relate to information-seeking and utilization behavior may provide a source of understanding. Two investigations are reported. The results of Study 1 indicate that high-risk referred women with denser networks attended fewer parent group sessions than did those whose networks were less dense and that the more contact a woman had with her kin, the fewer parent group sessions she attended. The results of Study 2 indicate that in a sample of low-income women participating in a supplementary food program, those women whose networks were characterized by lower density and less frequent kin contact were more likely to pursue professional child-rearing information and advice than women in denser, more kin-involved networks. In addition, a significant interaction between one's sense of competence as a parent and the structure of one's network was found to determine the overall frequency of information seeking.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Effective clinical information system closely connected with clinical laboratory data for infectious diseases].

Nowadays, information on clinical laboratory tests for infectious disease is almost supported by information on such as clinical, identical and susceptible microbiological tests. However, information support necessary for clinical diagnosis and therapy with clinically valuable data remains unsatisfactory. To offer more useful microbiological information to support clinics from clinical laboratory division, exchange of clinical information between clinical divisions, integrated systems of clinical information in the district and establishment of domestic and international information network et al are required. Establishment of these advanced total information network systems for clinical microbiological tests for infectious diseases may exceedingly contribute to earlier diagnosis, control and prevention of various infectious diseases.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed2005

Comparative interactomics.

The behavior, morphology and response to stimuli in biological systems are dictated by the interactions between their components. These interactions, as we observe them now, are therefore shaped by genetic variations and selective pressure. Similar to what has been achieved by comparing genome structures and protein sequences, we hope to obtain valuable information about systems' evolution by comparing the organization of interaction networks and by analyzing their variation and conservation. Equally, significantly we can learn whether and how to extend the network information obtained experimentally in well-characterized model systems to different organisms. We conclude from our analysis that, despite the recent completion of several high throughput experiments aimed at the description of complete interactomes, the available interaction information is not yet of sufficient coverage and quality to draw any biologically meaningful conclusion from the comparison of different interactomes. Thus, the transfer of network information obtained from simple organism to evolutionary distant species should be carried out and considered with caution. By using smaller higher-confidence datasets, a larger fraction of interactions is shown to be conserved; this suggests that with the development of more accurate experimental and informatic approaches, we will soon be in the position to study the network evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Developing AJN Network: transforming information to meet the needs of the future.

In September of 1993 the American Journal of Nursing Company was awarded a three-year Special Projects Grant from the Division of Nursing, Department of Health and Human Services to develop a national information service to provide a variety of formal and informal continuing education services to nurses in medically underserved communities. AJN Network went "live" in March 1994. Using a train the trainer approach, over 150 trainers were oriented in rural areas of our pilot states: North Carolina, Nevada and Wisconsin. This core group is now going out to rural hospitals to train other nurses on the system. During the first year of operation, AJN Network has been be available through a dial in service. Beginning in September 1994 it will be offered over the Internet, an international network linking hundreds of smaller computer networks throughout the world. This project will make use of the High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) initiative which provides a backbone extending across the country, capable of transmitting data at tremendous speeds. Services that are currently available on AJN Network are described along with plans for future development.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

American society of health-system pharmacists' pain management network.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' (ASHP) Pain Management Network is one of several informal networking groups of pharmacist practitioners who specialize in a clinical practice area. Pharmacy practitioners are showing an increased interest in the management of pain because of expanding clinical roles, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations' development of pain management standards, and involvement with performance improvement and quality initiatives. The Pain Management Network is one of the American Society of Health-system Pharmacists (ASHP) Section of Clinical Specialists and Scientists specialty practice networks. The Network serves as an informal venue for practitioners interested in pain management to gather and share information. Pain Management Network Assemblies are held at each ASHP national meeting. Practitioners communicate between meetings via the Section's e-mail list server. Pharmacists who participate in the Pain Management Network have a variety of roles in both acute and chronic pain management. Their roles may be consultative in nature or they may be involved in the actual medication management as part of a collaborative drug therapy management agreement with a physician. Pharmacists are involved with acute pain, cancer-related pain, and chronic nonmalignant pain management. Current issues involve education of pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists as well as the use of meperidine as an analgesic agent. Compounding of non-sterile drugs for intraspinal use is another current issue. Access to evidence-based pain management resources may be difficult to locate and access but is essential to good pain management. The ASHP Pain Management Network has proven to be a valuable way for participants to gather and exchange new information and share in their clinical practice experiences.

Community Pharmacy Services↗