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PubMed2006

Assessment of education and research in biomedical informatics.

OBJECTIVES: The existence and survival of university institutes is increasingly dependent on assessments of research and education. In many countries also departments of biomedical informatics are assessed at regular intervals, often as part of the review of a Medical or Health Sciences Faculty, or a Research School. The article underlines the importance of periodic evaluation of research and education in biomedical informatics. METHODS: Quality assessment, if done by an independent review committee of peers, is a suitable instrument to obtain insight into the quality and accountability of both education and research. Key instruments for the assessment of education and research are well-defined protocols that are used for self-assessment. These self-assessment reports form the inputs for the independent review committee. RESULTS: The outcomes of the assessments are directly related to the quality of research, which is visible in publications in peer-reviewed journals. Internal quality management tools contribute to a large extent to the improvement of the quality of education and research. CONCLUSION: External assessment 'review by peers' is increasingly used as the final step of an integral quality system for research and education. This is particularly important if the results of biomedical informatics R&D are to be applied in clinical practice. A positive outcome of an assessment can only be expected from a long-term investment in the quality of research and researchers who publish their results in peer-reviewed journals.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2006

Sensor, signal, and image informatics - state of the art and current topics.

OBJECTIVES: The number of articles published annually in the fields of biomedical signal and image acquisition and processing is increasing. Based on selected examples, this survey aims at comprehensively demonstrating the recent trends and developments. METHODS: Four articles are selected for biomedical data acquisition covering topics such as dose saving in CT, C-arm X-ray imaging systems for volume imaging, and the replacement of dose-intensive CT-based diagnostic with harmonic ultrasound imaging. Regarding biomedical signal analysis (BSA), the four selected articles discuss the equivalence of different time-frequency approaches for signal analysis, an application to Cochlea implants, where time-frequency analysis is applied for controlling the replacement system, recent trends for fusion of different modalities, and the role of BSA as part of a brain machine interfaces. To cover the broad spectrum of publications in the field of biomedical image processing, six papers are focused. Important topics are content-based image retrieval in medical applications, automatic classification of tongue photographs from traditional Chinese medicine, brain perfusion analysis in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), model-based visualization of vascular trees, and virtual surgery, where enhanced visualization and haptic feedback techniques are combined with a sphere-filled model of the organ. RESULTS: The selected papers emphasize the five fields forming the chain of biomedical data processing: (1) data acquisition, (2) data reconstruction and pre-processing, (3) data handling, (4) data analysis, and (5) data visualization. Fields 1 and 2 form the sensor informatics, while fields 2 to 5 form signal or image informatics with respect to the nature of the data considered. CONCLUSIONS: Biomedical data acquisition and pre-processing, as well as data handling, analysis and visualization aims at providing reliable tools for decision support that improve the quality of health care. Comprehensive evaluation of the processing methods and their reliable integration in routine applications are future challenges in the field of sensor, signal and image informatics.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2006

Methods to meet the informational demands of patients and health professionals. Findings from the Section on Education and Consumer Informatics.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize current excellent research in the field of education and consumer informatics. METHOD: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006. RESULTS: In the consumer informatics field current research focuses on meeting the informational needs of laypersons as well as health professionals with their specific demands and abilities. The selected papers' topics are genetic diseases and conditions, decision support for women considering genetic testing for the risk of breast cancer, history taking and advice for parents with children suffering from asthma, timed messages to motivate and support quit smoking efforts and the integration of health economics in medical education. CONCLUSIONS: The selected articles demonstrate examples of excellent research in consumer health informatics and medical education. The methods presented can contribute to the development of systems for the education of both laypersons and health professionals.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed2006

Nursing and knowledge work: issues regarding workload measurement and the informatics nurse specialist.

The profession of nursing has been faced with questions concerning workload measurement for decades, and those concerns continue to be relevant today. Traditionally, nursing has turned to time-motion studies to study this, but there is a debate about how relevant time-motion studies are to the profession of nursing when it is viewed as knowledge work. Healthcare workers, including the nursing profession, may be the single biggest group of knowledge workers. Knowledge workers today represent a significantly different workforce than are the workers of the past. Informatics, as a specialty, is relatively new to the nursing profession and continually evolving. As more nurses enter informatics and function as informatics nurse specialists, they will continue to be in the group of knowledge workers whose observable input and output is difficult to measure. Today's healthcare leaders, managers, and administrators need to identify an appropriate method of workload measurement for knowledge workers.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed2006

Nursing informatics issues and progress in New Zealand.

This paper presents an updated view of progress made in health informatics in New Zealand since 2003 and also highlights current issues facing nursing informatics. The progress made in health informatics in New Zealand since the national health information development "Working to Add Value through E-information" Project was introduced is outlined. A new Health Information Strategy for New Zealand 2005 has been released to guide the use of innovative information to improve the health outcomes of New Zealanders. This strategy reflects the global trends in healthcare related to epidemiological, demographic, system structure, workforce, service delivery changes and the increase in consumer expectations.

New Zealand↗
PubMed2006

Qualitative analysis of end user computing strategy and experiences in promoting nursing informatics in Taiwan.

The purpose of this study was to analyse end user computing strategy and experiences in promoting nursing informatics in Taiwan. In February 2004, an 8-day NI technology training campaign was held in Taipei for 60 clinical nurses. Excel VBA was used as the tool to teach the clinical nurses, who had never written any programs, but were very interested in informatics. Three projects were determined after detailed discussion and evaluation of clinical needs and technical feasibility between the nurses and the technical support team, which was composed of one experienced informatics professor and one clinical NI assistant. A qualitative analysis was used to interview the three pairs of programming clinical nurses and their direct supervisors with a structured but open questionnaire. Representative concepts were categorized from the data until all were categorized. The concepts were organized under three categories: the purposes, the benefits and the challenges of system development. According to this study, end user computing strategy with Excel VBA was successful so far.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The INFOBIOMED Network of Excellence: facilitating training and mobility in biomedical informatics in Europe.

In this paper we present the work carried out within INFOBIOMED, the European Network of Excellence (NoE) in Biomedical Informatics, to facilitate training and mobility in the area. An analysis of past experiences in both Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics has led to various actions. In this scenario, we have elaborated three actions: (1) a survey of the training and mobility situation, needs and actions to be taken, (2) a Biomedical Informatics course database (ICD), and (3) a Mobility Brokerage Service (MBS). We describe the use of Web Services to build the MBS, designed to facilitate the exchange of professionals within the consortium, belonging to ten European countries. The goal of INFOBIOMED is to expand these initiatives to other NoEs and institutions within the European Union.

Europe↗
PubMed2006

Publication bias in medical informatics evaluation research: is it an issue or not?

The phenomenon of publication bias has probably existed since results of scientific research are being published. Positive and/or statistically significant results seem more likely to be published than negative and/or insignificant results. However, it is unclear if there is a remarkable impact of publication bias in medical informatics evaluation literature and how aware researchers are of its effect. We conducted a small-scale study in order to find out what the ratio of papers describing positive results vs. negative results is, tried to find enough studies to a certain subject to carry out a meta-analysis and assess publication bias by statistical methods, and finally examined reviews and meta-analyses for their results and their quality. A random sample of 86 studies showed a remarkably high percentage of descriptions of positive results (69.8%). 19 (36.6%) of the analyzed 54 reviews and meta-analyses came to a positive conclusion with regard to the overall effect of the analyzed system, 32 (62.5%) were inconclusive, and only one review came to a negative conclusion. Quantitative assessment of publication bias for health informatics studies was found difficult due to the low number of comparable studies. Although there is no clear evidence for a great impact of publication bias in medical informatics evaluation literature, further research should carried out.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Progressing professional maturity in health informatics.

This paper looks at ways in which the profession of health informatics is gaining definition, through the actions of both the BCS Health Informatics Forum and the UK Council for Health Informatics Professions. It explores the some of the ways the current situation was achieved, how the lessons can be applied internationally and the challenges yet to be met. Opportunities for further progress within the existing landscape of technology and health care delivery and management are outlined. The paper documents actions taken and planned and the rationale of why, with supporting evidence of similar contributory work to date. It concludes by stating that the profession must remain flexible and dynamic, and nurture its professional members if it is to continue to develop within an ever-changing scenario.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed2007

The full spectrum of biomedical informatics education at Oregon Health & Science University.

OBJECTIVES: The growing use of health information technology in operational settings, along with the maturation of the discipline of biomedical informatics, requires reorganization of educational programs in the field. The objective of this paper is to provide a context and description of the biomedical informatics education program at Oregon Health & Science University. METHODS: The details of the program are provided. RESULTS: The paper describes the overall program and its component curricula. CONCLUSIONS: OHSU has developed a program that caters to the full spectrum of those who will work in the field, allowing education tailored to their career goals and needs. The maturation of Internet technologies also allow most aspects of the program to be delivered on-line. The informatics field must step up to the challenge of educating the best workforce to achieve our goals for the optimal use of HIT.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1991

[Medical informatics].

The fundamentals of medical informatics education are described on the basis of the current understanding of its aims and tasks. The use of a system in medical decision making is pointed out together with its basic characteristics. The significance of the introduction of information systems into the health system is presented as well as the perspectives of their further development in the future. The principles of medical informatics education are presented as well as the present situation in medical informatics education in the world and in this country with a view of the future.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Education and medical informatics--five years of experience at the University of Limburg.

In this paper the experience of five years of medical informatics education at the university of Limburg is described. The university of Limburg uses the problem-directed educational system. This system is described. The blocks in Medical Informatics are then presented. Then several program packages that were developed by the department of Medical Informatics of this university are described. Finally the assessment by the students of this type of education is given.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

Medical informatics and education: the profession as gate-keeper.

Modern health care systems, both at the policy as well as the delivery level, are becoming increasingly data-dependent. The profession of Medical Informatics is beginning to emerge as a distinctive discipline that functions as the point of entry of the relevant data into the systems and as the medium of their manipulation. Medical Informatics therefore finds itself in a gate-keeper position: i.e., in the position of someone who effectively controls the use of these data and whose actions set the parameters of what will be done with them. This position, in turn, places special ethical obligations on the profession as a whole as well as on the individual professionals. It is unlikely that the nature of these obligations, or indeed their very scope, will be appreciated without some training in ethics; and it is also unlikely that the ethical problems that arise in the conduct of the profession can be handled smoothly without some ethical education. Medical Informatics, as a profession, should therefore insist that the education of its members involve not only technical parameters but also include some education in ethics. The pay-off for this would come not only in terms of an integrated functioning of the profession as a whole, but also in a much more firmly established legal and social position.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

Software engineering education in medical informatics.

Requirements and approaches of Software Engineering education in the field of Medical Informatics are described with respect to the impact of (1) experiences characterizing the "software misery", (2) status and tendencies in software methodology, and (3) educational status and needs in computer science education influenced by the controversy "theoretical versus practical education". Special attention is directed toward the growing importance of analysis, design methods, and techniques in the professional spectrum of Medical Informatics, the relevance of general principles of systems engineering in health care, the potential of non-procedural programming paradigms, and the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and education. Realizations of and experiences with programs in the field of Software Engineering are reported with respect to special requirements in Medical Informatics.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1989

Computers in a human perspective: an alternative way of teaching informatics to health professionals.

An alternative way of teaching informatics, especially health informatics, to health professionals of different categories has been developed and practiced. The essentials of human competence and skill in handling and processing information are presented parallel with the essentials of computer-assisted methodologies and technologies of formal language-based informatics. Requirements on how eventually useful computer-based tools will have to be designed in order to be well adapted to genuine human skill and competence in handling tools in various work contexts are established. On the basis of such a balanced knowledge methods for work analysis are introduced. These include how the existing problems at a workplace can be identified and analyzed in relation to the goals to be achieved. Special emphasis is given to new ways of information analysis, i.e. methods which even allow the comprehension and documentation of those parts of the actually practiced 'human' information handling and processing which are normally overlooked, as e.g. non-verbal communication processes and so-called 'tacit knowledge' based information handling and processing activities. Different ways of problem solving are discussed involving in an integrated human perspective--alternative staffing, enhancement of the competence of the staff, optimal planning of premises as well as organizational and technical means. The main result of this alternative way of education has been a considerably improved user competence which in turn has led to very different designs of computer assistance and man-computer interfaces. It is the purpose of this paper to give a brief outline of the teaching material and a short presentation of the above mentioned results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1986

Origins of medical informatics.

Medical informatics is a new knowledge domain of computer and information science, engineering and technology in all fields of health and medicine, including research, education and practice. Medical informatics has evolved over the past 30 years as medicine learned to exploit the extraordinary capabilities of the electronic digital computer to better meet its complex information needs. The first articles on this subject appeared in the 1950s, the number of publications rapidly increased in the 1960s and medical informatics was identified as a new specialty in the 1970s.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1986

The National Library of Medicine and medical informatics.

Medical informatics attempts to provide the theoretic and scientific basis for the use of automated information systems in biomedicine. Even though a new field, its roots are in the 19th century. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) began classifying the medical literature and publishing the Index Medicus in 1897; in the early 1960s, the growth of the index gave rise to MEDLARS, the first successful, large-scale, computerized bibliographic system. In 1971, about the time MEDLARS evolved into a nationwide on-line retrieval system known as MEDLINE, a committee of the Association of American Medical Colleges published a report calling for the NLM to exert strong leadership in developing computer applications for information transfer in medicine. The NLM has sponsored several training and research programs in this area and is now developing the concept of "centers of excellence" in medical informatics. In addition, there are a number of current research and development activities within the NLM internal and extramural programs that may influence the progress of medical informatics.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1994

Informatics for nurse managers: integrating clinical expertise, business applications, and technology.

Nurse managers must become familiar with computers, information systems, and nursing informatics in order to be competitive in the future. Knowledge and skills for identifying critical data elements, organizing the data into information, and presenting it for decision making can be learned through formal and informal education. After learning to use computers and to apply nursing informatics, nurse managers will be equipped to make more relevant, data-driven management decisions. This article describes how nurse managers can identify business applications relevant to management, learn how to use them, and put nursing informatics to work in very practical ways.

Clinical Competence↗