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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cystic intracranial tumours. Cyst fluid, biochemical changes and computerised tomographic findings.

The concentrations of five biochemical substances were studied in cyst fluid from 49 cystic intracranial tumours and the findings were compared with the computerised tomographic (CT) scan and histological appearances of the tumours. The attenuation of the cyst wall on unenhanced CT was found to be related to cyst fluid alkaline phosphatase levels. Enhancement of the cyst wall with contrast medium was associated with higher levels of protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cyst fluid. Lesions of high grade malignancy had higher levels of protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, LDH and PHI than lesion of low grade malignancy and also higher levels of alkaline phosphatase, LDH and PHI than benign lesions. Oedema around a lesion was associated with increased malignancy.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Endodontic morphology. II. A radiographic analysis.

Radiographs of 164 extracted human teeth were examined under magnification subsequent to the infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium under vacuum into their empty canal systems. An analysis of the results was made from the recorded statistics, and some conclusions have been drawn from these. The form and number of canals generally conformed to those of the roots which housed them, with some exceptions. The presence of two canals in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars and the incidence of lateral, accessory, and furcation canals have been noted. The role of the endodontist in the treatment of teeth with such anatomic features was discussed.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1982

Contrast agents used for excretory urography impair platelet function in human patients.

The platelet function was investigated in 65 patients submitted to diagnostic excretion urography (injection of 60 ml contrast medium). Blood sampling was performed before (T0) 90 seconds after (T1) and 30 minutes after (T2) injection of the radiocontrast molecule (RCM). Five RCM of different osmolality ionicity and nature of the lateral chain have been tested. Platelet aggregation, platelet release of ATP, osmolality, total calcemia and ionized calcium level were determined on each plasma sample as well as RCM concentration at T1 and T2. Decrease (20 - 40%) of platelet aggregation occurred at T1, whichever platelet aggregating agent (ADP, collagen, Ristocetin or thrombin) were used (significant after Iopamidol 300 and Na Meg Ioxaglate). Platelet release of ATP induced by collagen was also decreased or delayed. These changes were rapidly reversible and a tendency to improvement was observed at T2. Among the five RCM tested, one (Na Diatrizoate) might be a proaggregating agent. No changes of osmolality occurred in the plasma and no correlation could be established between RCM concentration and platelet inhibition. A pathogenic hypothesis is suggested by the significant fall of total and ionized calcium level after RCM injection.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Iopamidol in lumbar myelography.

Iopamidol is a new, nonionic, water-soluble contrast material currently undergoing clinical trials for intravascular and intrathecal use in Europe and the United States. In this study, 12 patients underwent lumbar myelography with this agent. For each subject, up to 12 mL of iopamidol (at 200 mg I/mL) was employed. The myelograms obtained were highly satisfactory. No serious adverse reactions were observed. The most common side effect--headache--occurred in seven patients. However, six of the seven headaches were mild and transient, and did not require treatment. Nausea occurred in two patients, back pain in two patients, hypotension and hypertension each in one patient. All of these reactions were mild and self-limited. Iopamidol appears to be a safe and conveniently used agent for lumbar myelography.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomographic cisternography with iopamidol in the diagnosis of primary empty sella.

Twenty-one patients with primary empty sella were studied with computed tomography iopamidol cisternography. Ten milliliters of iopamidol at a concentration of 200 mg I/mL was administered intrathecally via the lumbar route. Eleven patients had a partial and 10 a complete empty sella. In six cases the third ventricle had prolapsed to the level of the interclinoid plane. There was no relationship between the clinical presentation and the grade of empty sella. The quality of the images obtained was always good or excellent. Cisternographies were performed in all of the patients although in 13 of them the correct diagnosis could have been achieved with a standard contrast-medium-enhanced computed tomography scan. The overall complication rate was 29%. Four patients (19%) had mild headaches and nausea; two patients (10%) had more severe side effects: vomiting, discomfort, and meningism. Computed tomographic cisternography with low-concentration iopamidol is a safe diagnostic procedure that allows a definite visualization of the anatomic alterations that occur in patients with empty sella. We think that this procedure should always be employed in symptomatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Correlation between structural transformation and cleavage of the major head protein of T4 bacteriophage.

We have studied the maturation of T4 polyheads, the aberrant tubular structures related to the capsid of T4 bacteriophage. Conditions have been found under which more than 95% of the major head protein (P23) undergoes the same cleavage that occurs during development of the normal capsid. The concomitant structural changes in the polyheads have been followed using electron microscope image filtering techniques. As a result of the cleavage, a radical transformation of the hexagonal lattice occurs, involving a 10-15% expansion in the lattice dimensions. However, a metastable intermediate state similar to the uncleaved structure has been observed immediately after cleavage of the protein subunits. Some kind of additional physical stimulus seems to be required to trigger the major structural change, which appears to be highly cooperative.

Capsid↗
PubMed1986

Relative frequency of acentrics to dicentrics caused by radiation and by chemical action on human lymphocytes.

Various concentrations of sodium iothalamate were added to human blood samples before exposure to X-rays, in order to investigate the dependence of the frequency ratio of acentrics to dicentrics on treatment with radiation, the drug and a combination of the two. The results show that this ratio is markedly influenced by the relative action of the two agents, at low radiation dose, because of the enhancement of the acentric frequency caused by the chemical substance with respect to the spontaneous level. This paper presents the experimental yields of aberrations corresponding to the various treatments, and the calculated frequency ratios of acentrics to dicentrics as a function of X-ray dose, after correction for the physical effect of dose enhancement due to the presence of iodine in the drug.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1990

Transient, nonpigmenting fixed drug eruption caused by radiopaque contrast media.

A unique case of a transient, nonpigmenting fixed drug eruption caused by the radiopaque contrast medium iothalamate is reported. The patient had on the medial aspect of the thigh a fixed solitary, recurrent, indurated, erythematous plaque, which resolved within 2 days. The scant literature available on nonpigmenting fixed drug eruptions is reviewed.

Dicloxacillin↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of pain induced by radiocontrast media.

In lightly-anesthetized dogs, ionic or non-ionic RCM (Iotalamato and iohexol, respectively) when injected by intracarotid route (i.c.), elicit a pain response comparable to that caused by bradykinin (BK) or capsaicin (CAP). This response, which is characterized by vocalization, hyperpnea, bradycardia and neck muscle contraction, was dose dependent and related to the osmolarity of the RCM. In the present study we observed that indomethacin did not interfere with CAP and RCM-induced pain at dose (2 mg/kg i.c.) that reduced BK-elicited responses. In contrast, Ruthenium Red (RR), in dose (1 mg/kg i.c.) that reduced CAP and/or RCM-induced effects did not affect BK-induced phenomena. We also verified that L-NAME (50 mg/kg i.c.) reduced the BK-, but not the CAP- and/or RCM-induced pain responses which suggests that an L-arginine-derived NO or related compound is involved in BK activation of perivascular nociceptors. Indeed, we found that i.c. injection of 20 mg of S-nitrosocysteine, a putative EDRF, caused BK-like responses. On the other hand, RCM and CAP appear to activate the same RR sensitive ionic channels of primary afferent endings. Therefore, RR-analogues could constitute a novel approach to minimizing or eventually abolishing the RCM side effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Serious or fatal complications after inadvertent administration of ionic water-soluble contrast media in myelography.

The consequences of the inadvertent administration, by the intrathecal route, of ionic contrast media instead of iopamidol in seven subjects are reported. The ionic compounds were diatrizoate, iodamide and ioxitalamate. The outcome was fatal in three out of seven subjects, and it depended on the type and the dose of the administered contrast agent. The serious or fatal reactions observed are a tragic confirmation of the predictive power of neurotoxicity data obtained in animal studies with various iodinated water-soluble compounds. The margin of safety, represented by the ratio of LD50 i.ce. in mice to clinical dose in humans, both normalized to bodyweight, appears to reliably reflect the risk of toxic reactions after intrathecal administration of iodinated contrast agents.

Adult↗