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PubMed2001

Maintaining women's oral health.

Women must adopt health-promoting strategies for both general health and the oral cavity, because the health of a woman's body and oral cavity are bidirectional. For general health-maintenance strategies, dental practitioners should actively advise women to minimize alcohol use, abstain from or cease smoking, stay physically active, and choose the right foods to nourish both the body and mind. For oral health-maintenance strategies, dental practitioners should advise women on how to prevent or control oral infections, particularly dental caries and periodontal diseases. Specifically, women need to know how to remove plaque from the teeth mechanically, use appropriate chemotherapeutic agents and dentifrices, use oral irrigation, and control halitosis. Dental practitioners also need to stress the importance of regular maintenance visits for disease prevention. Adolescent women are more prone to gingivitis and aphthous ulcers when they begin their menstrual cycles and need advice about cessation of tobacco use, mouth protection during athletic activities, cleaning orthodontic appliances, developing good dietary habits, and avoiding eating disorders. Women in early to middle adulthood may be pregnant or using oral contraceptives with concomitant changes in oral tissues. Dental practitioners need to advise them how to take care of the oral cavity during these changes and how to promote the health of their infants, including good nutrition. Older women experience the onset of menopause and increased vulnerability to osteoporosis. They may also experience xerostomia and burning mouth syndrome. Dental practitioners need to help women alleviate these symptoms and encourage them to continue good infection control and diet practices.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Billiopancreatic diversion with preservation of the duodenal bulb and transitory gastroplasty in the treatment of morbid obesity. Our experience].

We present our experience in malabsorbitive procedure in bariatric surgery based on Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD) with transitory gastroplasty. Since 1995 we operated on 74 patients with BPD coupled with gastroplasty which is transitory due to the presence of a band in polidioxanone (PDS). The technique, proposed by Vassallo et al. in 1992, involve the respect of the duodenal bulb (5 centimeter from the pylorous) making an end-to-side duodeno-ileal isoperistaltic anastomosis. The initial excess weight loss was satisfactory (69.8% +/- 11.4% after 1 year) and it kept being stable during all the follow-up (75.2% +/- 6.4% after 5 years). The mortality was absence. We didn't observe ipoalbuminemia, diarrhea or halitosis in any patients. Only 1 patient (1.3%) developed an anastomotic ulcer. After 5 years follow-up we observed 2 cases (12.5%) of chronic hypochromic anemia and 1 case (6.2%) of hypocalcemia. We didn't perform any restorative operation. We consider this technique a good malabsortive procedure able to obtain a satisfactory and stable weight loss, with a low incidence of complications. Moreover it could be applied in patients previously treated by an ineffective gastroplasty.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Toxicity assessment of mouthwashes in the pollen tube growth test.

AIM: Mouthwashes are frequently used to treat oral discomfort, halitosis or superficial infections. Adverse effects of mouthwash use are recognized, e.g. mucosal peeling and stomatitis. In addition, mouthwashes have been accused of causing oral cancer. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute toxicity of mouthwashes in an in vitro testing system, the pollen tube growth test (PTG test). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty mouthwash brands were prepared for study. The mouthwashes were added to suspensions of pollen of tobacco plants (Nicotiana sylvestris) that were collected during the early stages of anthesis. The inhibition of the pollen germination and pollen tube growth T(t) was measured photometrically from centrifuged supernatants of the Alcian blue-stained suspensions at a wavelength of 607 nm after 18 hours of incubation. The results were compared to inhibitions that resulted from other toxic substances. RESULTS: In the PTG-test, the acute toxicity of several mouthwashes exceeds the toxic effect of alcohol. Calculated IC50 values for the mouthwashes ranged from 49,326 +/- 4881 mg/l to 541 +/- 137 mg/l. CONCLUSION: Consumers should be informed about the number and concentrations of mouthwash ingredients and their toxic potential. These declarations would provide the basis for further testing the toxic effects of mouthwashes.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

A historical glimpse of toothpick use: etiquette, oral and medical conditions.

This article traces various historical and geographical aspects of multicultural toothpick use, dating back from prehistoric times to the present. This behavior appears to be one of the oldest and best documented of all human habits. Toothpicks (composed of bone, ivory, metal, plastic, quills, wood or other substances) have been used for ceremonial, oral hygiene and religious purposes. Throughout the ages, the act of toothpicking has been both encouraged and discouraged. In the 19-20th centuries, it was generally viewed as a disgusting breach of social etiquette and a significant threat to oral and general health. Authors of numerous dental articles have cautioned that indiscriminate toothpick use can lead to halitosis, dental caries, injury to the interdental papilla, mouth ulcers, allergic reactions, embedment of the device in the back of the mouth or throat, gingival abscesses, sensitive teeth, or abraded enamel, dentin or cementum of both permanent and primary dentitions. Additionally, both the dental and medical literature report anecdotal cases of life-threatening injuries and death caused by toothpick ingestion.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗

PubMed2003

[About the death of Herod the Great].

Herod the Great was the founder of a dynasty that reigned on Judea for several generations. His birth date is estimated on year 73 AC and died at 70 years old. Descriptions of the final disease of Herod were obtained from the classical chronicles of Flavius Josephus, "The Jewish war" and "Jewish Antiquities". A medical explanation for his death is attempted. A parasitism caused by Schistosoma haematobium is suggested as the etiology for chronic renal failure (edema, halitosis and orthopnea) and a "gangrene of genitalia that engendered worms" in the words of Josephus. This would be explained by the formation of genital and urinary fistulae, observed in such disease. The asseveration that Herod was "attacked by black bilis" is also discussed, based on the concepts of the Hippocratic medicine of that time.

Famous Persons↗

PubMed1992

[Zenker's diverticulum in the elderly. Description of a case and surgical treatment].

The authors report a case of Zenker's giant hypopharyngeal diverticulum in an elderly patient who underwent surgery due to the severity of symptoms. This diverticulum, which is both juxtasphincteric and epiphrenal, has a pulsion pathogenesis: the presence of a hernia on the esophageal side (jato?), with which Zenker's diverticulum is frequently associated and which is often followed by reflux esophagitis, is enough to cause motor asynchronism of the crico-pharyngeal muscle which, in the presence of hypertonic conditions during deglutition, leads to the formation of a high-pressure pouch which is then responsible for the formation of the diverticulum itself. It is therefore important to check whether an associated esophageal pathology exists once Zenker's diverticulum has been diagnosed: X-ray examinations of the upper digestive tract are undoubtedly capable of identifying the presence of the diverticulum as well as other pathological associations. In the present case it was not possible to perform a sufficiently exhaustive X-ray examination in order to exclude associated esophageal pathologies. Endoscopy may be superfluous and contraindicated in cases of large diverticular pouches. Symptoms vary depending on the size of the diverticulum. A feeling of dysphagia may precede the appearance of the diverticulum, even by several years, before the onset of symptoms related to the ingestion of food: initially the patient may experience the sensation of a foreign body while eating due to the accumulation of ingested food in the diverticulum; this is followed by halitosis, sialorrhea, noisy deglutition, regurgitation of undigested food especially during sleep, and frequently bronchopulmonary symptoms "ab ingestis".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[A case of laryngeal chondroradionecrosis].

Chondroradionecrosis is one of the rare but important complications of radiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma. A sixty-one-year-old male patient with glottic carcinoma (T1bN0M0) was treated with radiotherapy because he did not give consent to surgery. He developed difficulty in breathing and halitosis three months following radiotherapy. Radiologic and clinical signs were consistent with a diagnosis of laryngeal chondroradionecrosis. Medical treatment with steroids and antibiotics did not relieve his symptoms, so total laryngectomy was performed. No postoperative complications were seen. The surgical specimen was free of tumor.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed2003

[Analysis for clinical effect of a rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride in treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of a 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride(CPC) rinse on the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, parallel group trial was conducted. The eligible patients were divided randomly into two groups. Subjects were assessed at the beginning and the end of a two-week period during which they rinsed with 0.1% CPC or complex hibitane in addition to their usual oral hygiene procedures. The variation of PLI, SBI, GI, PD, pain, halitosis and adverse effects were observed before and after investigation. RESULTS: After 14 days of treatment, in the CPC group, the decreasing rate of PLI was 63.0%, the effective rate for gingivitis and periodontitis were 83.3%, 36.7% respectively, while those periodontal indices of control group were 49.5%, 50% and 16.7%. After statistical analysis, the CPC group had significantly higher effective rates on gingivitis than the hibitane group (P < 0.01), at the same time, the effective rate was significantly different between two groups on periodontitis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of 0.1% CPC rinse is effective in treating periodontal diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Radiographic pattern of chronic sinusitis in Ilorin, Nigeria.

One hundred and thirteen patients (62 males and 51 females, aged 5-70 years) with chronic sinusitis seen between January 1995 and December 1998 in the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Diseases Clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria are presented. A provisional diagnosis of chronic sinusitis was made if there were at least two of the following signs and symptoms: nasal blockage, nasal discharge, post nasal drip, excessive sneezing or halitosis. The radiographic abnormalities observed include gross mucosal thickening; haziness; complete opacity and air-fluid level. Seventy-eight (69.0%) showed abnormality in one or both maxillary antra; 39 (34.5%) in the ethmoid; 13 (11.5%) in the frontal; and 1(0.9%) in the sphenoidal sinuses. Thus the maxillary sinus was observed to be the most commonly involved in the disease process, while the sphenoidal sinus is the least commonly involved. This is consistent with findings in most similar studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis: report of a case treated with CO2 laser epiglottectomy.

Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a rare slow-growing malignant tumour with approximately 240 cases reported in the literature: the cricoid cartilage is the most commonly affected site (72-75%), in rare case was described of epiglottis (1-2%). We report a case of a chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis treated with CO2 laser epiglottectomy. The patient was referred with dysphonia, dysphagia and halitosis that started four months before. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a large smooth mass with a roundish appearance and a pearly-grey colour, as big as a nut, apparently arising from the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, causing obliteration of the piriform fossa. The definitive histopathological report showed microscopically, the tumour was low-grade (grade I) chondrosarcoma. A literature review regarding chondrosarcomas of the epiglottis is presented. The diagnosis, histology and treatment of these tumours are discussed. In particular we examine the controversy of conservative surgery vs. total laryngectomy. A conservative surgical approach is typically appropriate in light of this tumour's low-aggressive nature.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Periodontal diseases: microbiological considerations.

The location of plaque-associated gingivitis at the gingival portion of the tooth plays an essential role in its genesis. However, at times local and other host response modifying factors also have an influence. The pathogeny of periodontitis is more complex. The microorganisms that comprise subgingival plaque are capable of acting directly on periodontal tissues or of modifying the host response, whereas the participation of the plaque per se (normal, decreased, or increased) is as decisive as the action of the bacteria themselves in the emergence of the disease. Different types of periodontitis are associated with specific microorganisms. The most periodontopathogenic are A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythensis. Periodontitis as a whole, represent the source of complications such as root caries, endoperiodontal processes and periodontal abscesses. They are associated with various illnesses such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and respiratory infections, amongst others, as well as pathological oral halitosis. The different modalities of PCR are particularly important in the microbiological diagnosis of periodontitis, although on the negative side of things, it must be pointed out that in vitro sensitivity studies cannot be performed using this technique. First line antibiotic treatment of periodontitis includes amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, metronidazole (associated or not with amoxicillin) and clindamycin.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗

PubMed2004

[Indications for the surgical treatment in bronchiectasis and postoperative results].

During Jan. 1990 and Dec. 2002 a total of 14 patients with bronchiectasis were operated on. They were 5 female and 9 male with mean age of 35.7 years. In two of them (14.3%) the disease was with bilateral localization. Patients were typically presented with cough and purulent sputum production 12(85.7%), recurrent pulmonary infections 8(57.1%), halitosis 6(42.9%) and hemoptysis 4(28.6%). The mean duration of clinical manifestations was 8.4 years. The indications for surgery were failure of medical treatment in 10(71.4%) patients, hemoptysis in 2(14.3%) and lung abscesus, as a complication in 2(14.3%) patients. The operative methods included 9(64.3%) lobectomies, 1(7.1%) pleuropneumonectomy, 1(7.1%) pneumonectomy, 1(7.1%) bilobectomy with broncho-esophageal fistula resection, 1(7.1%) middle lobectomy with polysegmental resection S7-10 and 1(7.1%) polysegmental resection S7-10. No 30-day postoperative death was faced. Major complications, followed by rethoracotomy, were found in 2(14.3%) of the cases. The postoperative results were excellent in 8(57.1%) of the patient, very good in 5(35.75) of them and in only 1 patient there was no clinical improvement. In conclusion, surgery for bronchiectasis is followed by acceptable postoperative complications and better long-term result after radical operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Gastritis in Saudi Arab children.

OBJECTIVE: Information on childhood gastritis in developing countries is rare; hence, the objective of this study is to report the pattern of this condition in Saudi Arab children. METHODS: Data analysis were carried out in all children <18 years of age who were referred for endoscopy at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1993 to 2002. Only children with histology-proven gastritis were included. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-five patients out of 851, referred for the investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms, had histology-proven gastritis; whereas only 110/851 (13%) had endoscopic features of gastritis. Most of the children (96%) were Saudi nationals, the age ranged between 4 days to 18 years, and the male to female ratio was 0.4:1. The most common presentation of gastritis was abdominal pain in 42%, followed by combination of abdominal pain and vomiting in 20% and vomiting alone in 18% of the children. Rare but important presentations included refractory anemia, melena and halitosis. The prevalence of gastritis increased with age from 9% in children <5 years of age to 42% in adolescents 16-18 years of age. Likewise, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis increased from 47% in children <5, to 62% in the 6-15 year age group, and 69% in the 16-18 years old adolescents. Endoscopy was normal in 74/175 (42%) of histologic gastritis and the prevalence of H. pylori gastritis was the highest in cases of endoscopic nodularity (92%) CONCLUSION: Compared to findings from various parts of the world, this report document a similar clinical pattern, but high prevalence of H. pylori gastritis in Saudi Arab children.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic resection of a gastric diverticulum: a case report.

A 30-year-old woman presented with halitosis, sour taste, bloating, and right-sided abdominal pain of 3-months' duration. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed a diverticulum in the posterior cardia of the stomach. The patient underwent a laparoscopic resection of the diverticulum. Postoperatively, the patient did well; at a 28-month follow-up, no further symptoms were reported. Laparoscopic removal of a diverticulum produced an excellent outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Oral myiasis: a case report.

Oral Myiasis is a rare pathology in humans and is associated with poor oral hygiene, alcoholism, senility, suppurating lesions, severe halitosis and others conditions. The treatment is a mechanical removal of the maggots one by one but a systemic treatment with Ivermectin, a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, have been used for treatment for oral myiasis. We present a case report of a 32-year-old man indigent, alcohol-dependent with an extensive necrotic area and acute swelling in upper lip and fetid odor. The patient's management included topic use of gentian violet, oral therapy with ivermectin (6 mg orally), surgical exploration to remove the larvae and necrotic tissue. After the complete larvae removal the swelling and the wounds were healing normally, the patients was referred to plastic surgery to repair tissue damage. The prevention of human myiasis is by education, but unfortunately in the developing countries some people live in low social condition, predisposing the occurrence of the infestation.

Adult↗

PubMed2007

Tongue piercing: case report of a local complication.

Historically, wearing adornments on pierced body parts has been associated with many cultures as manifestations of religious or cultural identities. Currently, its use has a broad acceptance among young people. The most common sites for piercings are the tongue and lower lip in the oral cavity. Several complications may be associated with this practice with the most frequently observed being halitosis, periodontitis, tooth fracture, glossitis, and the formation of abscesses. This paper is a case report of a patient who had a complication from a piercing on the tongue located under the overlying mucosa. It also suggests a local habit was a possible initiator of this complication.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Psycho-social aspects of dental care for the handicapped. An investigation into dental care for handicapped children living at home].

An investigation was carried out to determine those factors that play a decisive part in dental care for handicapped children living at home. Data were obtained by interviews with parents of 32 mentally retarded and cerebral palsied children, 20 attendants, 48 general dental practitioners and 19 dental hygienists in two districts in The Netherlands. The dental health of 21 children was clinically examined. Parents experienced many problems in maintenance of oral hygiene as well as in finding a dentist for their child. They perceived drooling, halitosis and oral-facial malfunctions as the most important oral problems. Poor levels of oral hygiene were found in the handicapped children and the normative treatment needs were high. Dentists and dental hygienists shrank from treating disabled patients mainly because of inadequate knowledge and training. The results of this study were discussed in the context of planning dental health care for the handicapped.

Cerebral Palsy↗

PubMed1986

A double-blind, cross-over, study of oral N-acetylcysteine in Sjögren's syndrome.

Twenty-six patients with primary or secondary Sjögren's syndrome were treated in a double-blind, cross-over trial for a four week period with oral N-Acetylcysteine and placebo. Before treatment there were significantly elevated salivary lactoferrin levels in the patients when compared to 51 healthy controls (p = 0.0005), and significantly decreased levels of tear lysozyme when compared to 24 controls (p = 0.0003). Salivary sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphate, amylase and immunoglobulin G, A or M levels were not significantly different from control values. After treatment with N-Acetylcysteine, Sjögren's syndrome patients reported improvements in ocular soreness (p = 0.004), ocular irritability (p = 0.006), halitosis (p = 0.033) and daytime thirst (p = 0.033). N-Acetylcysteine, but not placebo improved the van Bijsterveld score (p = 0.026), but neither agent improved the Schirmer test, the tear break up time or any of the laboratory tests. These results suggest that N-Acetylcysteine may have a true therapeutic effect on the ocular symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome and be worthy of a longer study.

Acetylcysteine↗