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PubMed2000

Endoscopic electrosurgical excision of laryngeal granulation tissue in a standing pregnant mare.

An 11-year-old, eight-months pregnant mare suddenly developed severe respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination identified intralaryngeal granulation tissue obstructing the airway. In order to avoid general anaesthesia and the problems associated with a permanent tracheostomy, the mass was resected electrosurgically while the mare was standing. Patency was restored to the airway and the mare foaled without complication.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1975

Properties of plasma membranes from granulation tissue with reference to extracellular matrix.

Treatment with neuraminidase decreased the activity of Na+,K+-activated Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase in plasma membranes isolated from experimental granulation tissue but not that of 5'-nucleotidase or leucine-beta-naphthylamidase. A temporary lowering of the pH of the plasma membrane suspension to 2-3 inactivated all three enzymes, which remained inactive after the pH had been readjusted to 7.4. Addition of dextran preparations to the membrane suspension decreased the activity of adenosine triphosphatase. Ethanol (0.4%) had a similar effect. These marker enzymes of plasma membranes were not affected by additions of hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, protein polysaccharide or soluble collagen. Serotonin stimulated the adenosine triphosphatase activity slightly. About 10-20% of the protein in the plasma membrane preparation was extracted with EDTA. This "fuzzy coat" fraction yielded a distinct gel-electrophoretic protein pattern. Hyaluronidase was not helpful in cleaving this surface layer from the plasma membranes.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1993

Granulation tissue polyposis associated with carcinoid tumours of the small intestine.

We report two patients with ileal carcinoid tumours which were associated with polyps due to mucosal granulation tissue proliferation. In both cases the tumours had extensively infiltrated the small bowel wall and mesentery, and one had hepatic metastases. The mucosal surface of each specimen showed numerous, pale brown, sessile polyps which were restricted to the intestinal segment involved by carcinoid tumour, although not always closely related to neoplastic cells. The polyps were formed by the proliferation of capillaries, smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Characterization of cytoskeletal and junctional proteins expressed by cells cultured from human arachnoid granulation tissue.

BACKGROUND: The arachnoid granulations (AGs) are projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dural venous sinuses. They function, along with the extracranial lymphatics, to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the systemic venous circulation. Disruption of normal CSF dynamics may result in increased intracranial pressures causing many problems including headaches and visual loss, as in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus. To study the role of AGs in CSF egress, we have grown cells from human AG tissue in vitro and have characterized their expression of those cytoskeletal and junctional proteins that may function in the regulation of CSF outflow. METHODS: Human AG tissue was obtained at autopsy, and explanted to cell culture dishes coated with fibronectin. Typically, cells migrated from the explanted tissue after 7-10 days in vitro. Second or third passage cells were seeded onto fibronectin-coated coverslips at confluent densities and grown to confluency for 7-10 days. Arachnoidal cells were tested using immunocytochemical methods for the expression of several common cytoskeletal and junctional proteins. Second and third passage cultures were also labeled with the common endothelial markers CD-31 or VE-cadherin (CD144) and their expression was quantified using flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: Confluent cultures of arachnoidal cells expressed the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Cytokeratin intermediate filaments were expressed variably in a subpopulation of cells. The cultures also expressed the junctional proteins connexin43, desmoplakin 1 and 2, E-cadherin, and zonula occludens-1. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that second and third passage cultures failed to express the endothelial cell markers CD31 or VE-cadherin in significant quantities, thereby showing that these cultures did not consist of endothelial cells from the venous sinus wall. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the in vitro culture of arachnoidal cells grown from human AG tissue. We demonstrated that these cells in vitro continue to express some of the cytoskeletal and junctional proteins characterized previously in human AG tissue, such as proteins involved in the formation of gap junctions, desmosomes, epithelial specific adherens junctions, as well as tight junctions. These junctional proteins in particular may be important in allowing these arachnoidal cells to regulate CSF outflow.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preliminary observations on expression of transforming growth factors beta1 and beta3 in equine full-thickness skin wounds healing normally or with exuberant granulation tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and -beta3 expression differs between equine limb wounds healing normally and those healing with experimentally induced exuberant granulation tissue (EGT). STUDY DESIGN: Six wounds were created on the lateral aspect of both metacarpi of each horse; one forelimb was untreated, and the other was bandaged to stimulate the development of EGT. Sequential wound biopsies allowed comparison of growth factor expression between the two types of wound. ANIMALS: Four horses (2 to 4 years of age; 350 to 420 kg). METHODS: Wounds were assessed grossly, histologically, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TGF-beta1 and -beta3 expression at 12 and 24 hours and 2, 5, 10, and 14 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Bandaged wounds developed EGT. In all wounds, TGF-beta1 peaked early and remained elevated at 14 days. Peak TGF-beta1 concentration was higher in wounds with EGT, but not significantly so. Expression of TGF-beta3 differed from TGF-beta1, with peak TGF-beta3 concentrations being delayed. Concentrations of TGF-beta3 were higher in wounds healing normally, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: During both normal and exuberant wound repair, the expression of TGF-beta1 occurred earlier than TGF-beta3 expression. Wounds healing with EGT tended to have higher concentrations of fibrogenic TGF-beta1 and lower concentrations of antifibrotic TGF-beta3 than wounds healing normally, although these differences were not statistically significant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study suggests that the production of EGT in bandaged wounds may be related to increased expression of fibrogenic TGF-beta1 and decreased expression of antifibrotic TGF-beta3. Further investigation of the roles of TGF-beta1 and -beta3 may be important in understanding the molecular control of EGT in horses.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis of nucleic acids and dynamics of morphological indices of the granulation tissue of skin wounds in rats treated with 4-methyluracil].

Effect of 4-methyl uracil on dynamics of morphological patterns and the rate of nucleic acids synthesis was studied in granulation tissue developed during healing of full-layer skin wounds. Application of ointment containing 4-methyl uracil onto the wounds exhibited an antiinflammatory efficiency and decreased accumulation of leukocytes in the wound. The drug shortened the mitotic cycle in dividing fibroblasts, as a result of which periods of DNA synthesis became more frequent exhibiting two days duration. The rate of RNA synthesis was increased 1.5-2-fold. Content of acid glycosaminoglycans and collagen was increased in intercellular space surrounding fibroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Absence of collagen stimulating factors for L929 cells in granulation tissue extracts.

We have attempted to find collagen synthesis stimulating activity in polyvinyl sponge granulation tissue extracts and inflammatory fluid. The cells studied in culture were mouse L929 cells grown in monolayers. A prior study by another group reported such factors to be present in healing wound extracts and in extracts of CHHl3 injured liver. We have been unable to find such stimulating activity for L929 cells in granuloma tissue fluid. In addition we have examined the procedures used by the prior group and have found major problems in their methodology which are discussed below.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A case of focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz) syndrome with exophytic granulation tissue treated by curettage and photodynamic therapy.

Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by cutaneous, ectodermal and mesodermal defects. We present a case in which painful, exophytic granulation tissue has been the main symptom over the past 15 years. After unsatisfactory results with a number of treatment modalities including topical steroids, silver-nitrate applications, cryotherapy, curettage, excision and pulsed-dye laser, we achieved significant benefit with curettage in combination with photodynamic therapy. Although impaired wound healing has been described in focal dermal hypoplasia, this is, to our knowledge, the first time that pyogenic granuloma-like lesions have been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of endotoxin on granulation tissue formation in rats.

Open wounds were incised in the dorsal skin of female Wistar rats. Solutions of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin (0.25 micrograms to 25 micrograms/ml saline) were applied 3 times a day on granulation tissue formed in the wounds. 5 days of treatment with the lowest endotoxin concentration resulted in 25% increase of the weight of the tissue, a more than 30% increase of DNA content and a 25% increase of hydroxyproline content in the tissue. Further elevation of these values could be obtained by increasing endotoxin concentration by tenfold or hundredfold but these changes were not very pronounced.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Diurnal biological rhythms in the cells of granulation tissue in a liver injury].

Under study were the diurnal biological rhythms in 37 young mature male Wistar rats and in 44 young mature female Wistar rats in the cells of the granulation tissue (fibroblasts) 4 and 9 days respectively after injuring the liver. The animals were killed in groups every 4 h during 1 day, and in the second series--during 2 days. The diurnal rhythm was found in the mitotic activity. The first peak of mitoses was observed at midday and the second one--at midnight. The second peak may be absent. It has been shown autoradiographically that the maximum intensive synthesis of DNA took place at 8'clock a. m., i. e. 4th. before the appearance of the first maximum of mitoses. The most intensive synthesis of proteins and sulphated mucopolysaccharides in fibroblasts took place at 4 p. m.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Connective tissue growth factor and its correlation to other growth factors in experimental granulation tissue.

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is upregulated in a variety of fibrotic disorders, probably secondary to the activation and production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). We have studied the expression of CTGF in a rat wound-healing model using Northern blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. The expression of CTGF mRNA in Northern blot and immunohistochemistry were correlated to the expression of TGF-beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Northern hybridization showed the maximum expression of CTGF mRNA on day 14, whereas TGF-beta1 expression was maximal on days 7 and 14 and the time-related changes were smaller than for CTGF. PDGF A and PDGF B mRNA expressions were at maximum on day 14 and on day 21, respectively. In situ hybridization showed that fibroblast-like cells expressed CTGF most intensively, expression declining rapidly after day 14. CTGF mRNA and protein were found in blood vessel cells during the first week. In immunohistochemistry, all growth factors were expressed by fibroblast-like cells, macrophage-like cells, and blood vessels but CTGF-positive cells were fewer and were more restricted on days 5 and 7. These results demonstrate that CTGF expression together with TGF-beta and PDGF are up-regulated in wound healing, and CTGF expression in blood vessels suggests that CTGF is involved in angiogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Histological analysis and biological effects of granulation tissue around loosened hip prostheses in the development of osteolysis.

Although aseptic loosening of the prosthesis is a long-term complication after total joint replacement, the detailed mechanism of osteolysis remains unknown. We examined 82 samples from 40 patients with aseptic loosened hip prostheses histologically, and compared the distribution of particles, macrophages/histiocytes, and foreign body giant cells in the retrieved tissue from capsules and around prostheses. Furthermore, to investigate the mechanism of osteolysis, we cultured tissue from a patient with massive osteolysis and examined the effects of the conditioned medium on osteoblasts in vitro. Numerous multinucleated giant cells and histiocytes were present, and polyethylene particles ranging from medium to large were identified in the polarized light. However, the distribution was heterogeneous, and no particles were found microscopically in about 30%-40% of periprosthetic tissues, and in 60% of capsules. The amount of particles correlated with giant cells, but not with histiocytes. The conditioned medium of the granulation tissue culture stimulated osteoblasts to produce interleukin-6 in both protein and mRNA, and this was in part inhibited by anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha or the interleukin-1beta antibody, suggesting that interleukin-6 production is mediated by several cytokines. These findings suggest that interleukin-6, which is produced not only by macrophages but also by osteoblasts, is a contributing factor to aseptic loosening.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser perforation of exposed cranial bone to stimulate granulation tissue.

The technique of CO2 laser perforation of exposed bone has been discussed. The advantages of this rapid and safe technique, which minimizes patient anxiety, limits tissue destruction, and can be performed without anesthesia in an outpatient setting, suggest that it can be considered as a possible alternative treatment to stimulate the production of granulation tissue over exposed bone to allow healing by secondary intention or skin grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of prednisolone on the intensity of nucleic acid synthesis by granulation tissue fibroblasts].

An experimental study was made of the effect exerted by prednisolone in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight on wound healing. It was shown that prednisolone reduces the period of inflammation, accelerates the formation of granulation tissue and epidermis. All these effects are accompanied by diminution of the mitotic activity of fibroblasts and dramatic increase in the intensity of RNA synthesis in them. Dislocation of newly synthetized RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm proceeds at a greater rate as compared to control. The differentiation of fibroblasts is accelerated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chiseling of exposed bone to stimulate granulation tissue after Mohs surgery.

Extensive Mohs surgery for carcinomas of the forehead and scalp occasionally requires the removal of periosteum. The exposed bone presents a wound management problem. One method, if healing by secondary intention is a viable option, is to chisel bone to stimulate granulation tissue and promote healing. A case is presented that describes this procedure in an elderly patient.

Aged↗