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PubMed1997

Biotechnological advances in goat reproduction.

Goat selection and reproduction have resulted from using conventional methods of natural mating and artificial insemination. Genetic improvements resulting from these are usually slow. Innovative developments in biotechnology rapidly propagate superior genes, offering hope for modeling and designing animals to fit market and environmental requirements. Use of Tris, citric acid, fructose, egg yolk, and glycerol extender has enabled goat sperm to be stored successfully for several years before being used in cervical or laparoscopic insemination. Laparoscopic recovery of goat embryos to reduce adhesions from repeat surgeries has great potential in improving embryo production for direct transfer or for future transfer after cryopreservation. Goat kids have been produced, as a result of experiments to refine techniques of in vitro maturation and fertilization of recovered oocytes, with successful culture and transfer of embryos. In vitro fertilization technology is also essential for cloning goat embryos and for gene transfer. Transgenic goats have already been produced due to new genes being expressed from biologically active molecules altering the phenotype of the transferred goat. The introduced gene is capable of transmission between generations. The goat's diversified commercial value and convenient size make it a benefactor to new technology for rapid genetic improvement as a supplement to conventional selection methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Relationships between nutrition and foraging behavior of free-ranging sheep and goats.

Goats generally tolerate dry season forage conditions in northeastern Brazil's tropical deciduous woodland better than sheep do, but the mechanisms underlying sheep and goat response to wet and dry season conditions are not well understood. We evaluated aspects of nutrition and behavior of free-ranging sheep and goats in this woodland to improve our understanding of these mechanisms. Body weight changes, dietary botanical and chemical composition, and daily activities were measured for sheep and goats that foraged in this woodland during four defined periods of a year. Vegetation available to these animals was also measured. Although there was much less available vegetation during the wet season than during the dry season, body weights and dietary crude protein content of sheep and goats increased during the wet season and decreased during the dry season. During the four periods of the year, weight changes of sheep, and possibly those of goats, were positively related to the content of crude protein in their diets. Foraging times of sheep and goats were generally greater during the dry season than during the wet season and were positively related to available browse and inversely related to dietary crude protein content. Sheep and goats may have foraged longer during the dry periods because they were spending more time searching through the large quantity of low-quality vegetation for dietary items with relatively higher levels of crude protein.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Effect of breed-type and feeding regimen on goat carcass traits.

Meat-type (Boer x Spanish and Spanish) goats from two feeding regimens (feedlot and range) were slaughtered and live and carcass weights were obtained. At 24 h after death, various yield and quality measurements were collected. One side from each carcass was fabricated into major wholesale cuts for dissection into major carcass components. Feedlot goats had heavier (P<.05) live and carcass weights and carcasses that yielded more (P<.05) dissectible fat and lean and less (P<.05) bone, as a percentage of carcass weight, than did the carcasses of range goats. In the feedlot environment, Boer x Spanish goats had greater (P<.05) live weights, carcass weights, actual and adjusted fat thicknesses, carcass conformation scores, and leg circumference scores than did Spanish goats of similar age. The only breed-type differences that were significant after adjusting for live weight using analysis of covariance were that Boer x Spanish goats in the feedlot treatment had greater (P<.05) actual and adjusted fat thickness and carcass conformation than Spanish goats on the feedlot treatment. The Boer x Spanish goat carcass trait advantage could mainly be attributed to their larger size and enhanced capacity for growth.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Ruminal fermentation and degradation patterns, protozoa population, and urinary purine derivatives excretion in goats and wethers fed diets based on two-stage olive cake: effect of PEG supply.

Three experiments were conducted in Granadina goats and Segureña wethers fed at maintenance level to evaluate the effect of including a mixture of barley and a new by-product derived from olive oil extraction (two-stage dried olive cake) on ruminal degradation and passage kinetics (Exp. 1), fermentation pattern and protozoa population (Exp. 2), and urinary purine derivatives excretion (Exp. 3). Polyethylene glycol was supplied to the animals to evaluate the effects of tannins contained in the by-product. The experimental diets were as follows: alfalfa hay and alfalfa hay plus a concentrate, formulated with two-stage dried olive cake, barley, and a mineral-vitamin mixture either with or without the addition of polyethylene glycol to the drinking water. The inclusion of two-stage dried olive cake in the diet resulted in an increase of condensed tannins. Ruminal VFA concentration in goats and wethers increased (P < 0.05) and ammonia N (NH3-N) concentration decreased (P < 0.05). The inclusion of two-stage dried olive cake decreased (P < 0.001) urinary allantoin excretion only in wethers. Ruminal degradation profiles and fractional passage rates were similar in goats and wethers. The polyethylene glycol supply increased (P < 0.001) DM and N degradation rates in both animal species but did not modify the fractional passage rate. Ruminal fermentation patterns were also similar in goats and wethers and were affected by polyethylene glycol supply. In general, Entodiniomorphida and Holotricha protozoa counts were higher (P < 0.05) in the rumen of goats than of wethers. Protozoa count in wethers responded more to polyethylene glycol supply than in goats. The present work presents the first data obtained from a comparative study with sheep and goats concerning urinary excretion of purine derivatives. The excretion was similar in both animal species when fed alfalfa hay; however, polyethylene glycol affected only urinary allantoin excretion in wethers. Results suggest a greater sensitivity of wethers than of goats to two-stage olive cake condensed tannins.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2001

Effects of a nonforage diet on milk production, energy, and nitrogen metabolism in dairy goats throughout lactation.

The objective of the experiment was to compare a silage-based control diet (C) with a nonforage diet (NF) in dairy goats throughout lactation in terms of animal performance and energy utilization. Eight Saanen goats were divided into two groups and fed C or NF, a commercial blend that included sunflower meal, cassava, coconut meal, and whole cottonseeds as the main ingredients that was characterized by a small particle size and a high crude protein content. In early, mid, and late lactation (44, 100, and 219 days in milk) the goats were individually tested for dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, milk yield and composition, milk renneting properties, rumen and plasma parameters, and nitrogen and energy utilization (open circuit respiration chambers). During early and mid lactation, the NF fed goats had a very high DMI: 2946 and 2915 g/d, respectively. Nevertheless, milk yield was similar for the two treatments: 4369 vs. 4342 and 3882 vs. 3841 g/d for goats fed diets C and NF during the first and second periods, respectively. Milk fat content was not statistically different between the two diets. The protein content and rheological parameters of milk were similar for the two diets. Nonprotein nitrogen and urea levels in milk of goats fed NF were significantly higher than goats fed C. Ruminal ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen were also significantly increased by diet NF, due to its high protein content. Plasma glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids and ruminal volatile fatty acids were not influenced by dietary treatment. Dietary NF significantly decreased energy digestibility (74.5 vs. 65.8%, on average for the lactation, for C and NF, respectively) and had a significantly lower metabolizability (metabolizable energy/intake energy; 66.6 vs 58.0%, on average); however, the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy was unaffected by the diet. In conclusion, goats were fed a nonforage diet during the entire lactation without detrimental effect on their health and productive performance.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Effects of once versus twice daily milking throughout lactation on milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats.

The effects of once (1X) vs. twice (2X) daily milking throughout lactation on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC), and udder health were studied in 32 Murciano-Granadina dairy goats. Goats were assigned at wk 2 of lactation to two treatment groups; once daily milking at 0900 (1X, n = 17), or twice daily milking at 0900 and 1700 (2X, n = 15). Milk yield was recorded weekly until wk 28, and milk composition and SCC were evaluated for each individual udder half at each milking at wk 2 and 4 of lactation and then, monthly until the end of the experiment. Once daily milking resulted in an 18% reduction in the yield of 4% fat-corrected milk compared to twice daily milking (1.61 vs. 1.95 L/d, respectively). This reduction was more marked from wk 2 to 12 than in mid and late lactation. Response to milking frequency also varied according to parity number where goats of less than four parities suffered more milk yield losses during 1X than older goats. Milk of 1X goats contained higher percentages of total solids (13.6 vs. 12.9%), fat (5.10 vs. 4.62%) and casein (2.57 vs. 2.35%) than milk of 2X goats, but milk protein percentage did not differ between treatments (3.28 vs. 3.20%). Yields of total solids, fat, protein and casein tended to be higher for 2X than 1X. Milk SCC did not differ between treatments. We conclude that application of once daily milking in Murciano-Granadina dairy goats moderately reduced milk yield without negative effects on milk composition and udder health. Losses in milk yield would be reduced if 1X is practiced during mid- or late lactation and in older goats. An increase in labor productivity and a higher farmer's standard of living is also expected.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Microbiological quality of raw goat's and ewe's bulk-tank milk in Switzerland.

A total of 407 samples of bulk-tank milk (344 of goat's milk and 63 of ewe's milk) collected from 403 different farms throughout Switzerland, was examined. The number of farms investigated in this study represents 8% of the country's dairy-goat and 15% of its dairy-sheep farms. Standard plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts were performed on each sample. Furthermore, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis was studied. The median standard plate count for bulk-tank milk from small ruminants was 4.70 log cfu/ml (4.69 log cfu/ml for goat's milk and 4.78 log cfu/ml for ewe's milk), with a minimum of 2.00 log cfu/ml and a maximum of 8.64 log cfu/ml. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 212 (61.6%) goat's milk and 45 (71.4%) ewe's milk samples, whereas S. aureus was detected in 109 (31.7%) samples of goat's milk and 21 (33.3%) samples of ewe's milk. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were not isolated from any of the samples. However, 16.3% of the goat's milk and 12.7% of the ewe's milk samples were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. Seventy-nine (23.0%) goat's tank-milk and 15 (23.8%) ewe's tank-milk samples were PCR-positive for insertion sequence 900, providing presumptive evidence for the presence of M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis. These results form the basis for determining the microbiological quality standards for goat's and ewe's milk. Moreover, the data presented form part of the risk assessment program for raw milk from small ruminants in Switzerland.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of lasalocid on growth, blood gases, and nutrient utilization in dairy goats fed a high forage, low protein diet.

This study investigated the effect of lasalocid on weight gain, blood gases, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen utilization in growing dairy goats. In a growth experiment, 24 crossbred dairy does were assigned to diets without or with lasalocid (approximately 30 mg per head per day) for 12 wk. Goats were group fed bermudagrass hay for free choice plus concentrate at a fixed level (approximately 0.264 kg DM per head per d). Goats grew faster when fed lasalocid than those fed the control diet. Jugular blood partial pressure of O2 was lower when goats were supplemented with lasalocid. In contrast, goats fed lasalocid tended to have a higher partial pressure of CO2 than control goats. Percent O2 saturation tended to increase, and concentrations of total CO2 tended to decrease in goats fed lasalocid. Serum glucose and urea N did not differ between treatments. In a metabolism experiment, 8 castrated male goats were fed hay and concentrate identical to those of the growth experiment to determine whole tract nutrient digestibility and N utilization. Lasalocid did not affect feed intake or nutrient digestion coefficients. Daily urinary N output was reduced by lasalocid supplementation. In spite of this, N retention was not significantly affected. With use of ionophore, the proportion of urinary N relative to digested N tended to decrease, and the retained N as a proportion of digested N tended to increase.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Mineral retention in three-week-old piglets fed goat and cow milk infant formulas.

Goat milk and cow milk are commonly used in infant formula preparations and, as such, understanding the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas made from these milks is important. In this study, a goat milk infant formula was compared with an adapted (whey-enhanced) cow milk infant formula with respect to mineral absorption and deposition using the 3-wk-old piglet as a model for the 3-mo-old infant. Equal numbers of piglets (n = 8) were fed either the goat milk formula or the cow milk formula. The mineral composition of the prepared goat milk formula was higher than that of the prepared cow milk formula for most minerals, including calcium (75.1 vs. 56.7 mg/100 mL) but excluding iron, which was higher in the prepared cow milk formula (0.92 vs. 0.74 mg/100 mL). The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and manganese absorbed by the piglets were significantly higher for the goat milk formula, whereas the amounts of zinc, iron, and magnesium absorbed were significantly higher for the cow milk formula. Apparent mineral absorption, relative to intake, was statistically higher in the cow milk formula for calcium and phosphorus, although the actual differences were very small (less than 1.3%). For copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium there was no significant difference between treatments in apparent mineral absorption, whereas for manganese, absorption was higher for the goat milk infant formula. The absolute mineral deposition was higher in piglets fed the goat milk formula for calcium, phosphorus, and manganese, whereas iron deposition was higher in the piglets fed cow milk formula. For all other minerals tested, there were no significant differences between treatments. The goat milk infant formula provided a pattern of mineral retention in the 3-wk-old piglet very similar to that of the adapted cow milk infant formula. The minor differences observed between the 2 appeared to be due to the different mineral contents of the 2 formulas.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathophysiologic study of goats with undulation pump total artificial heart: those that survived for more than 1 month.

The undulation pump total artificial heart is an implantable total artificial heart that is being developed at the University of Tokyo. Many advances in our system have been made by the adoption of hardware and software solutions that enabled the animals with the undulation pump total artificial hearts to survive more than 1 month. Pathophysiologic observations were performed for these goats that survived. In this article, the pathophysiologic findings are described in detail for three goats that survived for 46 (goat 9916), 54 (0030), and 63 (0107) days. The microscopic findings indicated that in goat 0107 the histologic changes in key organs occurred at the termination of the experiments. Therefore, the pathophysiologic changes in goats 9916 and 0030 were mainly investigated in this study to evaluate the chronic effect caused by our total artificial heart system. The signs of chronic ischemia and cell dystrophy were observed in both the liver and kidney. Until now, 13 goats had survived more than 1 week and 6 goats survived more than 1 month, including one that survived for 63 days, which is the longest in our experimental series. The pathophysiologic results of goats 9916 and 0030 showed that the undulation pump total artificial heart might still cause some damage to the liver and the kidney. To accomplish long-term survival with the undulation pump total artificial heart, further pathophysiologic studies are required, and the necessary modifications to the total artificial heart system will need to be made.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Bone histomorphometry study on lumbar vertebrae microstructure of ovariectomized goats].

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the histomorphometric changes of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) goat model after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). METHODS: Fifteen female goats were randomly enrolled into four groups: 3 goats without any treatment (group C), 3 goats sham-operated only (group S), 4 goats 6 months after OVX (group OVX6M), 5 goats 18 months after OVX (group OVX18M). On the 21st and 9th day prior to sacrifice, tetracycline was given to them in order to label the bone for dynamic study. The first lumbar vertebrae from each goat were reserved for bone histomorphometric study. RESULTS: As compared with group C and S, the trabecular bone volume (TBV)/total tissue volume, TBV/sponge bone volume, mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) and mean trabecular plate density in OVX6M and OVX18M groups were significantly lower (P < 0.01, but MTPT: P < 0.05), while the mean trabecular plate space, surface/volume ratio of the trabecular bone, single labelled surfaces [Sfaces(s)], double labelled surfaces [Sfaces(d)], Sfaces (d + 1/2s), mean osteoid seam width, mineralization lag time, speed of bone formation in the tissue levela and osteoid maturation period were significantly higher (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In OVX goats, bone loss accelerated, resulting in destroyed bone microstructure, fasten frequency of activation and high bone turnover. Therefore, the bone resorption process exceeds over the bone formation, successfully establishing a high turnover osteoporotic metabolic model.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Synchronization of estrus in dairy goats given norgestomet and estradiol valerate at various stages of the estrous cycle.

Dairy goats were given subcutaneous implants with 3 mg of norgestomet (NOR) and IM injections of 0.625 mg of estradiol valerate and 0.375 mg of norgestomet on day 0 of the estrous cycle (estrus; NOR 0, n = 18), on postestrus day 4 (NOR 4, n = 18), or on postestrus day 11 (NOR 11, n = 15). Ear implants were removed after 9 days. Mean (+/- SE) hours from removal of ear implants to onset of estrus and proportion of goats responding were 36 +/- 3.8 and 83%, 33 +/- 4.0 and 61%, and 36 +/- 2.7 and 93% for groups NOR 0, NOR 4, and NOR 11, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in time to onset of estrus. The percentage of goats in group NOR 11 that had signs of estrus was significantly greater than the percentage of goats in group NOR 4. Of the goats in groups NOR 0, NOR 4, and NOR 11 that had signs of estrus, 53, 55, and 86%, respectively, had onset of behavioral estrus between 24 and 48 hours after implant removal. All goats that had signs of estrus had onset of behavioral estrus between 12 and 72 hours after implant removal. Mean (+/- SE) hours from removal of ear implants to time of peak concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) were 49 +/- 4.1, 49 +/- 3.8, and 49 +/- 4.0 for groups NOR 0, NOR 4, NOR 11, respectively (not different). The percentage of goats in group NOR 11 that had LH peaks was significantly greater than the percentage of goats in group NOR 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Seasonal variation in selenium status of different classes of grazing goats in a semi-arid region of Pakistan.

The selenium status of three different classes of goats ((i) female lactating, (ii) female non-lactating, and (iii) male goats) grazing semi-arid pasture in the southern part of the Punjab province, Pakistan and that of selenium concentration of soil and dietary sources, ingested by those animals were investigated during two different seasons of the year (winter and summer). Soil, forage, feed, water from the pasture and blood plasma, urine, faeces, and (if applicable) milk from these goats were collected fortnightly. The samples were analyzed for selenium concentrations. Soil selenium showed both seasonal and sampling periods effect on its concentration while forage selenium was affected only by the seasonal changes. No significant effect of seasons or fortnights on feed selenium level was observed. In fecal samples selenium concentration in lactating and non-lactating and plasma of male goats were affected by sampling periods. While fecal selenium in male goats showed significant effect on its concentration both seasonal and within fortnights. Severe deficient level of soil selenium during both seasons and marginal deficient level of forage selenium during summer were observed. Selenium concentrations in feed slightly exceeded the requirements of ruminants in feed during both seasons of the year. Plasma selenium concentrations in all goat classes were higher in winter than that in summer showing no seasonal or fortnight variation and its concentration was slightly lower in lactating goats as compared to other classes. On the bases of these results, it is concluded that overall selenium status of the goats based on plasma selenium concentration may be considered adequate mainly due to the mineral supplement provided all over the year, since soil and forage selenium concentrations were low to deficient.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Toxicity and tissue residue depletion of levamisole hydrochloride in young goats.

Toxicity and tissue residue depletion studies were conducted in young goats, using an oral drench formulation of levamisole hydrochloride. In the target animal toxicity study, 3 groups of 5 goats each were given levamisole orally to provide approximately 11.88, 23.76, or 35.64 mg of levamisole HCl/kg/d for 3 consecutive days; a fourth group of 5 goats served as untreated controls. Blood samples were taken for analysis of levamisole 1 day prior to dosing and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days following the third dose. At the 35.64-mg/kg dose, 2 of 5 goats responded with typical cholinergic signs of toxicosis on each of the 3 days of dosing. The times for the onset of clinical signs of toxicosis ranged from 18 to 63 minutes, with an average duration of 32 minutes. Administration of 23.76 mg of levamisole HCl/kg resulted in hyperactive behavior in 1 of 5 goats only on the first day of dosing; no abnormal behavior was observed in any of the 5 goats following the second or third dose of levamisole HCl at 23.76 mg/kg. Untoward effects were not seen in the 5 goats dosed at 11.88 mg of levamisole HCl/kg or in the controls during the 3-day dosing period or in the following 7-day observation period. Overall, the observed signs of toxicosis did not become more severe, affect more goats, or persist for a longer period on subsequent dosing days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The use of a microagglutination assay for the detection of antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in naturally infected sheep and goat flocks.

Two goat flocks comprising 326 animals and four sheep flocks comprising 343 animals, all with a previously recognized problem of abscesses due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, were examined for the presence of abscesses and antibody titers to C. pseudotuberculosis as detected by direct microagglutination assay. In sheep there was a strong positive relationship between age and titer (p less than 0.0001). However, the relationship in goats between age and titer could not be determined due to a strong interaction between flock and age. When the relationship between abscesses and titer was examined, it was found that goats with abscesses had higher titers than those that did not (p less than 0.05), whereas there was no difference in titer between sheep with abscesses and those without (p = 0.5753). The sensitivity of the microagglutination test was poor to good for both species (52.3% for goats and 89.7% for sheep). The specificity of the test was fair to poor (64.9% for goats and 21.7% for sheep). Given a disease prevalence of 13.5% for goats and 8.5% for sheep the predictive value of the positive test was very poor (18.9% for goats and 9.6% for sheep) but the predictive value of the negative test was good to excellent (89.7% for goats and 95.8% for sheep). The poor specificity of the test and therefore the positive predictive value may be due in part to the criterion of classification of presence of disease, i.e. presence of an abscess at the time of sampling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Helminth parasites of grysbok, common duikers and Angora and Boer goats in the Valley Bushveld in the eastern Cape Province.

Helminth parasites were collected from 13 grysbok, Raphicerus melanotis, 12 common duikers, Sylvicapra grimmia, 24 Angora goats and 24 Boer goats killed on a farm in Valley Bushveld in the eastern Cape Province. Nematodes belonging to 9 species and a further 2 genera and cestodes belonging to 1 species and a further genus were recovered from the grysbok. Of these, worms of the genus Skrjabinema, Trichostrongylus rugatus, Trichostrongylus pietersei and Nematodirus spathiger were the most prevalent and the most numerous. An amended list of the helminths of grysbok is included. Seven nematodes, identified to species and 1 identified to genus were recovered from the common duikers. N. spathiger and Setaria scalprum were the most prevalent, while N. spathiger and Trichostrongylus axei were the most abundant. The Angora goats were infested with at least 10 nematode species and 2 cestodes and the Boer goats with at least 14 nematode species. With the exception of Trichostrongylus pietersei, the Boer goats harboured more nematodes of each species than did the Angora goats. Nematodirus spp. and worms of the genus Skrjabinema were most numerous in Angora goats, and Nematodirus spp. and Teladorsagia circumcincta in the Boer goats. No clear pattern of seasonal abundance was evident for any of the helmith species in the various hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Changes in insulin and prolactin responsiveness of goat mammary tissue during ontogenesis and pregnancy.

Mammary tissue of goats in different stages of ontogenesis and pregnancy were organ cultured and their insulin and prolactin responsiveness was studied. Based on the synthesis of DNA in the presence of insulin and tissue secretory responses to prolactin, the responsive tissues were found in young goats up to 3 month of age (prolactin responsive only up to 24 days of age), in mature virgin goats at the end of breeding season, mature virgin goats with precocious lactation and in nulliparous goats from the 8th week of pregnancy. Unresponsive tissues were found in goats from 4.5 month of age to the maturity. The high number of antral follicles in goat ovaries was found to be coincident with high mammary insulin and prolactin responsiveness during ontogenesis. It appears that ovarian and placental steroids and placental lactogen render the goat mammary tissue responsive to insulin and prolactin in organ culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of fenbendazole and cambendazole against Muellerius capillaris in dairy goats.

Two anthelmintics, fenbendazole and cambendazole, were used in an attempt to eliminate Muellerius capillaris infections in a group of 44 goats. During the course of this study (508 days), M capillaris larvae were found in at least one fecal specimen from each of 22 of the 44 goats. All 44 goats were dewormed with fenbendazole (30 mg/kg of body weight) at the onset of this study (day 18). Two additional dewormings with fenbendazole at 4- to 8-week intervals were restricted to the goats that continued to shed M capillaris larvae. On the basis of routine fecal examinations, fenbendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 8 (36%) of these 22 goats. On day 253, cambendazole (60 mg/kg) was given orally to 17 of these 22 goats (2 of the 22 had died and 3 were not available for treatment); 13 of these goats were still shedding M capillaris larvae. Cambendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 10 (77%) of these 13 goats chronically infected with M capillaris.

Animals↗