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PubMed1979

[Skateboard injuries (author's transl)].

Following the introduction of skateboards into Germany in 1976 an increasing number of accidents and injuries have been noted, affecting mainly children 10 to 14 years of age. The causes were lack of experience and the careless use of the boards on public streets. More than 30% of injuries were fractures mainly affecting the upper limb. Because of the frequent involvement of the epiphyseal plates the post-accidental growth may be seriously disturbed. Severe and sometimes fatal head or abdominal injuries have been reported, mainly after collision with cars.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1990

The lateral arm fascial free flap: its anatomy and use in reconstruction.

Free fascial transfer has been used for reconstruction of gliding surfaces of the upper and lower extremities or when thin, pliable coverage is required (hand, heel, nose, and ear). In our experience with the lateral arm fasciocutaneous flap, we have found that the fascia alone is an excellent source of tissue for free flap transfer. A thorough investigation of the microscopic, gross, and radiographic anatomy of the lateral arm fascia was undertaken by the study of 25 fresh cadavers. Vascular pathways were mapped, their locations were analyzed, and then they were correlated with the elevation, design, and transfer of the flap. The lateral arm has a large fascial component located anterior and posterior to the lateral intermuscular septum, which itself lies between the triceps and the brachialis and brachioradialis muscles. It is perfused by the posterior radial collateral artery (PRCA), one of the terminal branches of the profunda brachii. This vessel (PRCA) provides at least four fascial branches from 1 to 15 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyle, the largest of which is located an average of 9.7 cm superior to the lateral epicondyle. Fascia up to 12 x 9 cm may be used with good axial perfusion. The histologic cross sections demonstrate the complex anatomy of the fascia itself, as well as its relation to the nutrient vessels. We have applied the lateral arm fascial flap in five cases of upper extremity reconstruction. We have also found this flap valuable in preservation of underlying anatomic detail for total reconstruction of the ear and nose when local tissue and more conventional flaps were not available.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Penetrating extremity trauma: identification of patients at high-risk requiring arteriography.

Indications for arteriography in patients with penetrating trauma to the extremities remain controversial. Some clinicians have recommended universal use of arteriography, whereas others prefer to rely on physical findings alone. To better define our indications for contrast studies, we reviewed clinical data on 306 patients (349 extremities) with penetrating trauma who were admitted during a prior 2-year period (1985 to 1987). Injuries were caused by stab wounds in 50 (14.3%) extremities and by gunshot wounds in 299 (85.7%) extremities. Twenty-seven of the 50 stab wounds (54%) required urgent exploration based on physical findings, whereas 23 underwent arteriography. None of these studies showed unsuspected arterial injury. Twenty-nine of 299 gunshot wounds (9.7%) underwent mandatory exploration, and arteriograms were performed on 270 extremities; findings in 30 studies (11.1%) were positive for unsuspected arterial injuries. Gunshot wounds were categorized according to location and number of arteriograms with positive results. Arteriograms of lateral thigh and upper arm injuries resulted in no positive outcomes. Positive study results were recorded in 22.9% of calf injuries, 20% of forearm and antecubital injuries, 9.5% of popliteal fossa injuries, 9.0% of medial and posterior thigh injuries, and 8.3% of medial and posterior upper arm injuries. We recommend arteriography for penetrating injuries to these high-risk areas. However, clinical evaluation alone is accurate for identification of arterial trauma with lateral thigh or upper arm wounds and stab wounds to the extremities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Prosthetic treatment of the upper extremities].

There are functional limits for hand- or arm-replacements. This paper wants to demonstrate the state of the art in prothetic supply for upper limb amputees. Major developments in limb prothetics must not let us forget the very important functionality of the amputation stump. After discussing essential principles in prothetic supply the different prothetic systems are presented. According to the level of amputation and to the condition of the stump the appropriate prothesis is discussed. Problematic cases are considered. Operations for a maximum functional restoration of the amputation stump are explained in detail.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed1985

Island flaps of the hand.

This article discusses the use of vascular island skin and composite flaps in surgery of the hand. The history of the development of island flaps is outlined. The principles, indications, and techniques for several useful island flaps in the hand are presented.

Amputation, Traumatic↗