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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Purified antigen radioimmunoassay in serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni.

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for detecting human schistosomiasis with a highly purified Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen labelled with iodine-125. The antigen, major serologic antigen 1 (M.S.A.1), has striking immunochemical and species specificity and appears to be the principal antigen responsible for the granulomatous response to S. mansoni eggs. This 125I-antigen was tested with 5 microliter of patient serum as a potential serodiagnostic test for schistosomiasis. 92 control sera from uninfected St. Vincentian patients were seronegative. In studies on 135 lightly infected St. Lucians the 5 microliter serum 125I-M.S.A.1 serodiagnostic test was more sensitive than any tests available at the Center for Disease Control, with 64% of infected children, 83% of adolescents, and 98% of adults being positive. 49 heavily infected Kenyans of all age-groups were uniformly (100%) seropositive. Finally, a semiquantitative version of the 125I-M.S.A.1 radioimmunoassay that uses 0-5 microliter of patient sera demonstrated quantitatively significant differences among age-watched and intensity-watched groups of patients with S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The application and limitations of immunodiagnostic techniques in parasitic infections.

The application of immunodiagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of parasitic infections has been discussed in relation to the conditions operating in developing countries where multiple parasitism is common and diagnostic facilities are often limited. The uses and limitations of the tests for individual diagnosis and epidemiological studies have been highlighted. The filter-paper plasma modification of the IFA test has been identified as a technique that has an advantage over all the others and could be universally used with great success in many developing countries.

Antigens↗
PubMed2003

Acquisition of flocculation phenotype by Kluyveromyces marxianus when overexpressing GAP1 gene encoding an isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The use of flocculating yeast strains has been considered as a convenient approach to obtain high cell densities in bioreactors with increasing productivity in continuous operations. In Kluyveromyces marxianus ATTC 10022, the GAP1 gene encodes an isoform of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-p37-that is accumulated in the cell wall and is involved in flocculation. To test the use of p37 as a tool for engineering Kluyveromyces cells to display a flocculation phenotype, K. marxianus CCT 3172 was transformed with an expression vector containing GAP1. This vector is based on the pY37 previously described, harbouring a S11 Kluyveromyces origin of replication, and the expression of GAP1 is under the control of GAL1. Kluyveromyces cells overexpressing GAP1 acquired a flocculent phenotype together with the accumulation of p37 in the cell wall. The results support the use of GAP1 gene as a molecular tool for inducing flocculation.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed2003

Predicting the effects of chlorine on the micro-organisms of filamentous bulking activated sludges.

Rapid and definite assessment of the effect that a specific biocide has on a specific case of filamentous bulking sludge is a much-needed tool in activated sludge wastewater treatment. The Live/Dead stain (LIVE/DEAD BacLight) distinguishing "living" and "non-living" cells, a nitrifying activity (NA) test and the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurement were examined for their appropriateness to predict the effects of chlorine on filamentous bulking sludges. The study showed the live/dead stain to be relevant for revealing the specific effect of chlorine on the filamentous bacteria of a bulking sludge. However, using live/dead stain alone for the determination of the appropriate chlorine dose against bulking may lead to an underestimation of the damage caused by chlorine to the useful microorganisms in the flocs. Indeed, using the live/dead stain, it was not easy to distinguish dead cells caused by chlorination from those originally present in the flocs The NA test was the most sensitive in detecting damage caused by chlorine to the floc-forming microorganisms. Therefore, for a safer determination of the chlorine dose effective against bulking and protective of the microbial activity of the sludge, the results of this study suggest coupling of the live/dead stain with the NA test and/or the OUR test.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

Spontaneous reversion of FTA-ABS test reactions.

In a series of 56 clinically healthy persons with no history of syphilis and negative VDRL tests but reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) tests, 20 spontaneously developed nonreactive FTA-ABS tests in a period of eight months or less. All but one of these had been of 2+ or less fluorescence. In such a situation, the serologic tests for syphilis (VDRL and FTA-ABS tests) should be repeated at intervals for up to a year before coming to a decision regarding the diagnosis of syphilis. Laboratories could facilitate that decision by reporting degrees of fluorescence of the FTA-ABS test.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Serologic and intradermal tests for parasitic infections.

For years, the diagnosis of most parasitic diseases has depended upon the direct demonstration of the parasite or its cysts, eggs, or larvae in specimens. In some infections, direct demonstration of the causative agent or its stages is almost impossible. In such cases, indirect techniques, such as serologic methods, have been found to be more practical and sensitive than are direct methods. Most serologic methods have been devised to detect antibodies. Tests for the detection of antigen are just beginning to be utilized; however, the practicality and under what situations antigen detection tests can be used await further testing. The majority of the serum antibody tests employ a heterogeneous mixture of antigens. Antigens derived from whole adult or larval stages usually result in tests with poor specificity and/or sensitivity. The necessity for better purified and standardized antigens cannot be over emphasized. Although there have been many major advances in the serodiagnosis of parasitic infections, a major drawback to routine use of parasitic serologies is the lack of commercially available reliable test kits. For the diagnosis of most parasitic diseases, one must rely upon specialty laboratories or public health laboratories. Before any laboratory begins to offer parasitic test serologies, they should contact their local or state public health laboratory or the Parasitic Serologic Section of the Centers for Disease Control to determine the pros and cons of these tests. Information of this type should be used to inform the physician of the limitations of the test in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗