Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FERTILITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

New Belgian legislation regarding the limitation of transferable embryos in in vitro fertilization cycles does not significantly influence the pregnancy rate but reduces the multiple pregnancy rate in a threefold way in the Leuven University Fertility Center.

After the introduction of new Belgian legislation limiting the number of transferable embryos to prevent multiple pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology, the implantation rate per embryo remained stable at 26% and the clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer did not change significantly (37.5% before and 32.5% after legislation), whereas the multiple pregnancy rate per clinical pregnancy decreased threefold from 25.9% to 8.0%) in the Leuven University Fertility Center.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2001

The postwash total progressively motile sperm cell count is a reliable predictor of total fertilization failure during in vitro fertilization treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To predict the chance of total fertilization failure (TFF) before the day of ovum pickup with known semen and female variables. DESIGN: A statistical model was constructed to predict TFF by retrospective analysis (2,366 couples) and subsequently tested on a new IVF population (917 couples). SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. PATIENT(S): Three thousand three hundred eighty-three couples who underwent an IVF-ET treatment. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The ability to predict the probability of TFF in IVF. RESULT(S): Two variables-postwash total progressively motile sperm cell count (postwash TPMC) and number of follicles-were found to be significant. Taking a probability of 25% as an acceptable risk of TFF, we calculated that a postwash TPMC of <1.1 x 10(6) cells results in a risk of TFF of >25%. Low responders (<4 follicles) needed a postwash TPMC of >2.2 x 10(6) cells to reduce the risk of TFF to <25%. High responders (>15 follicles) needed only 0.35 x 10(6) postwash progressively motile spermatozoa. CONCLUSION(S): When postwash TPMC and number of follicles are known and an unacceptable TFF outcome is expected, one can propose an ICSI procedure a few days before the day of ovum pickup.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Effect of male age on fertility: evidence for the decline in male fertility with increasing age.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of men's age on time to pregnancy (TTP) using age at the onset of pregnancy attempts, adjusting for the confounding effects of women's age, coital frequency, and life-style characteristics. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTINGS: Teaching hospital in Hull, United Kingdom. PATIENT(S): Two thousand one hundred twelve consecutive pregnant women. INTERVENTION(S): A questionnaire inquiring about TTP, contraceptive use, pregnancy planning, previous subfertility, previous pregnancies, age, and individual life-style characteristics of both partners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Time to pregnancy, conception rates, and relative risk of subfecundity for men and women's age groups. RESULTS: As with women's age, increasing men's age was associated with significantly rising TTP and declining conception rates. A fivefold increase in TTP occurred with men's age >45 years. Relative to men <25 years old, those >45 years were 4.6-fold and 12.5-fold more likely to have had TTP of >1 or >2 years. Restricting the analysis to partners of young women revealed similar effects of increasing men's age. Women >35 years were 2.2-fold more likely to be subfertile than women <25 years. The results were comparable, whether age at conception or at the onset of pregnancy attempts was analyzed, and they remained unchanged after adjustment for the confounding factors. CONCLUSION(S): Evidence for and quantification of the decline in men's fertility with increasing age is provided.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

ZmEBE genes show a novel, continuous expression pattern in the central cell before fertilization and in specific domains of the resulting endosperm after fertilization.

Two novel maize genes expressed specifically in the central cell of the female gametophyte and in two compartments of the endosperm (the basal endosperm transfer layer and the embryo surrounding region) were characterized. The ZmEBE (embryo sac/basal endosperm transfer layer/embryo surrounding region) genes were isolated by a differential display between the upper and the lower half of the kernel at 7 days after pollination (DAP). Sequence analysis revealed ORFs coding for two closely related proteins of 304 amino acids (ZmEBE-1) and 286 amino acids (ZmEBE-2). This size difference was due to differences in the splicing of the two genes. Both protein sequences showed significant similarity to the DUF239 family of Arabidopsis, a group of 22 proteins of unknown function, a small number of which are putative peptidases. ZmEBE genes had a novel cell type-specific expression pattern in the central cell before and the resulting endosperm after fertilization. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of both genes started before pollination in the central cell and continued in the kernel up to 20 DAP with a peak at 7 DAP. In situ hybridization revealed that the expression in the kernel was restricted to the basal transfer cell layer and the embryo surrounding region of the endosperm. The expression of ZmEBE-1 was at least 10 times lower than that of ZmEBE-2. Similarly to other genes expressed in the endosperm, ZmEBE-1 expression was subject to a parent-of-origin effect, while no such effect was detected in ZmEBE-2. Sequence analysis of upstream regions revealed a potential cis element of 33 bp repeated 7 times in ZmEBE-1 and ZmEBE-2 between positions -900 and -100. The 1.6 kb ZmEBE-2 upstream sequence containing the seven R7 elements was able to confer expression in the basal endosperm to a Gus reporter gene. These data indicate that ZmEBE is potentially involved in the early development of specialized domains of the endosperm and that this process is possibly already initiated in the central cell, which is at the origin of the endosperm.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2003

Parents of 5-year-old in vitro fertilization children: psychological adjustment, parenting stress, and the influence of subsequent in vitro fertilization treatment.

Sixty-six parents who had conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) were compared with 46 matched naturally conceiving control parents regarding psychosocial adjustment and parenting stress 5 years after the birth of their first child. IVF mothers reported a more external locus of control than did control mothers but did not differ on other measures. Within the IVF group, higher levels of treatment predicted lower parenting stress and more defensive responding on the Parenting Stress Index (R. Abidin, 1990). The more positive reporting of high-treatment IVF parents may be attributable to either defensive responding or the fact that they are particularly highly motivated and competent parents. The study findings confirm a growing body of research regarding overall positive adjustment in IVF parents but also highlight the importance of considering individual differences among IVF mothers with respect to treatment experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Post-fertilization polyploidy in human preimplantation embryos fertilized in-vitro.

The development of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) as a treatment for certain forms of infertility has emphasized the need for more information on why so many preimplantation embryos fail to develop beyond the very early cleavage stages. Analysis of nuclei from embryos that had ceased to grow or that were morphologically abnormal was carried out using one of two techniques: measurement of the DNA content of their nuclei, or observation of the number of Y chromosomes per nucleus. It was found that there was a correlation between the length of time in culture and abnormal development of polyploidy in a number of the cells. On the other hand, a small proportion of polyploid cells observed in a morphologically normal expanded blastocyst probably represents the normal precursors of polyploid trophoblast cells as observed in other mammalian species.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed1988

Chromosome aberrations in 500 couples referred for in-vitro fertilization or related fertility treatment.

Cytogenetic studies were performed in 500 couples referred for in-vitro fertilization or gamete (zygote) intra-Fallopian transfer. Thirteen individuals (1.3%) with chromosomal abnormalities were found. Four major types of anomalies were observed: reciprocal translocations (n = 3), inversions (n = 2), iso-Xq chromosomes (n = 2) and sex chromosome number mosaics (n = 4). Moreover two males with respectively a 47,XYY and a 47,XY,mar+ karyotype were identified. These data pointed to a higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations in this infertile population as compared to a neonatal population without obvious chromosomal pathology. Analysis of the chromosomes which were involved in hyperdiploidy and hypodiploidy in the 30,000 metaphases evaluated, showed a high proportion of cells that had lost or gained an X-chromosome. A puzzling finding was the statistically significant low incidence of 45,X metaphases (0.9%) in women of couples treated on andrological indication as compared to the frequency of 45,X chromosome complements in women with tubal disease (4.0%) or of couples with an idiopathic (4.3%) or mixed female and male (6.7%) indication.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of fertility and infertility in boron-exposed Turkish subpopulations: 3. Evaluation of fertility among sibs and in "borate families".

As a part of a work to reveal the health effects of boron and its compounds, fertility and infertility states of sibs of probands, contacted and interviewed in the field, and of their spouses were given. The purposes were to prevent duplications seemingly inevitable in a relatively small community with prevailing consanguinity while analyzing marriages over respective generations and to reveal if there occurred an aggregation of infertile couples. Any family without offspring after about the second year of marriage was considered primary infertile as adopted throughout the study and such families were ascertained through the individual pedigree charts set up according to the instructions of the proband, he (she) himself (herself) being excluded. The rates of childless families of this type were 0.0-3.4% among male and 0.9-3.8% among female sibs of the participant, and 2.3-10.0% among male and 0.0-5.6% among female sibs of his (her) spouse with averages of 2.3% of 1589, 2.6% of 1589, 4.0% of 1314, and 3.3% of 1436 instances, respectively. The differences were insignificant and the rates were not different from those concerning probands themselves and that of a comparable segment of the Turkish population. "Borate families/kindreds" with two or more members engaged in the borate industry were also assessed in order to detect if there was a significant clustering of infertiles within the kindred. Although it was difficult to compare with a matched group, few couples were examples of familial concentration of infertility. These results provided further support that boron exposure does not affect human reproduction primarily and most probably secondarily.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nuptiality, fertility, and the family. The paradox of nuptiality trends and fertility in Spain].

"The purpose of this article is to reexamine the present significance of nuptiality from a demographic standpoint and its influence on fertility and the formation of the family in Western society, and in Spain in particular." The authors suggest that the demographic trends occurring in economically advanced countries are without precedent and represent a clear break with previous demographic experience. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed2003

[Long-term trial on fertilization and on use of recycled nutrients in farming systems V. Response of crop yields to fertilization in different precipitation years and estimates of water and nutrient interaction].

According to the responses of crop yields under fertilizations in 1996 with normal precipitation (456 mm in crop growth season) and in 1998 with higher precipitation (598 mm in growth season), the effect of water and nutrient interaction on crop yields in semihumid-semiarid region of west Liaoning Province were estimated. Under N application and sufficient water supply (more rainfall), the increase of crop yields was 3,056 kg.hm-2, of which, 1,996 kg.hm-2 was estimated from water-nutrient interaction, while in NP and compost treatment with sufficient water supply, the yield increase was 4,703 kg.hm-2, of which, 1,554 kg.hm-2 was estimated from water-nutrient interaction.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1992

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in the United States: 1990 results from the IVF-ET Registry. Medical Research International. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), The American Fertility Society.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in the United States in 1990. DESIGN: The registry follows a prospective study format. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighty clinics submitted data on their ART treatments to the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes measured included clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, delivery, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital defects. RESULTS: During 1990, the clinics reported performing 25,744 ovarian stimulation cycles. From all ART treatments there were 5,150 clinical pregnancies and 3,951 live deliveries. The overall live delivery rates were 14% for IVF (based on 16,405 retrievals), 22% for gamete intrafallopian transfer (based on 3,750 retrievals), and 16% for zygote intrafallopian transfer and related practices (based on 1,370 retrievals). The delivery rates for frozen embryo transfer cycles and IVF with donor egg cycles were 9% and 22%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 1990 results indicate an increase in the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and an increase in the number of embryos being transferred per cycle, along with no important changes in clinical pregnancy and delivery rates. In addition, there was an increase in both numbers of frozen embryo transfers and IVF cycles with donor oocytes.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in the United States: 1989 results from the IVF-ET Registry. Medical Research International, Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, The American Fertility Society.

This is the fourth annual report of the United States Registry of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and related practices. The present report describes the 1989 experiences of 163 United States member clinics with respect to treatments and outcomes. During 1989, the clinics reported performing 24,183 ovarian stimulation cycles. From all treatments, including frozen ET and IVF with donor oocytes, there were with 4,598 clinical pregnancies and 3,472 live deliveries. Ninety-eight percent of the clinics had at least one delivery, and overall a total of 4,736 babies were born. The overall live delivery rates were 14% for IVF (based on 15,392 retrievals), 23% for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) (based on 3,652 retrievals), 26% for IVF and GIFT in combination (based on 452 retrievals), and 17% for zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) and related practices (based on 908 retrievals). In addition to these treatments, results are presented for frozen ETs and IVF of donated oocytes.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in the United States: 1988 results from the IVF-ET Registry. Medical Research International. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. American Fertility Society.

This is the third annual report of the U.S. Registry of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and related practices. The present report describes the 1988 experiences of 135 U.S. member clinics with respect to treatments and outcomes. During 1988 the clinics reported performing 22,649 ovarian stimulation cycles, with 3,508 (15%) resulting in a clinical pregnancy and 2,627 (12%) in a live delivery. Ninety-three percent of the clinics had at least one delivery, and overall a total of 3,427 babies were born. The overall live delivery rates were 12% for IVF (based on 13,647 retrievals), 21% for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) (based on 3,080 retrievals), and 20% for IVF and GIFT in combination (based on 671 retrievals). In addition to these treatments, detailed results are presented for zygote intrafallopian transfer, frozen embryo transfers, and IVF of donated oocytes.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1993

Eliminating the risk of life-endangering complications following overstimulation with menotropin fertility agents: a report on women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new method for preventing the life-endangering complications associated with inadvertent menotropin-induced severe ovarian hyperstimulation in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Seventeen women each underwent a single cycle of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with menotropins in preparation for IVF-ET. The indications for IVF-ET were tubal occlusion in nine, endometriosis in six, and unexplained infertility in two. The peak plasma estradiol (E2) concentration before hCG administration was greater than 6000 pg/mL and more than 30 ovarian follicles were detected by transvaginal ultrasound. Thus, life-endangering complications associated with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were highly likely to occur following hCG administration. Rather than cancel the cycle of treatment, menotropin therapy was discontinued and hCG administration was deferred for a number of days until the plasma E2 concentration fell below 3000 pg/mL ("prolonged coasting"), whereupon hCG was administered and egg retrievals and ETs were duly performed. RESULTS: None of the women developed severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. There were six viable pregnancies (35.2%), which proceeded normally. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that "prolonged coasting" prevents severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in severely overstimulated women undergoing IVF-ET, without necessitating cycle cancellation.

Adult↗