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PubMed2004

A GIAO/DFT study of 1H, 13C and 15N shieldings in amines and its relevance in conformational analysis.

The 1H, 13C and 15N absolute shieldings of 13 amines were calculated at the GIAO/B3LYP/6-311++G** level. For some compounds (ethylamine, piperidine and 1-methylpiperidine) two conformations were calculated. The 13C and 15N data could be correctly correlated with experimental chemical shifts, allowing the conformation of 1-methylpiperidine to be established. The 1H NMR absolute shieldings, although less well correlated with delta values, were used to account for the anisotropy effects of the N lone pair.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric investigations of imidazoline corrosion inhibitors in crude oils.

The so-called imidazolines (2-alkyl-1-[ethylalkylamide]-2-imidazolines and 2-alkyl-1-ethylamine-2-imidazolines) are a group of surface-active compounds, complex mixtures of which are used by various industries as surfactants and corrosion inhibitors. Although their industrial synthesis was reported over 100 years ago, few methods for the determination of individual imidazolines in mixtures, including industrial matrices such as crude oils, have been reported. Here we demonstrate that spiking of crude oils with synthetic imidazolines followed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation multistage mass spectrometry (LC/ESI - MS(n)) allows an estimation of low (<10) parts per million concentrations of individual imidazolines in crude oils. Whilst non-optimised at present, the method is a significant advance and may prove useful not only for improving an understanding of the mechanisms of industrial imidazoline synthesis and for monitoring downhole and topside oilfield operations, but also for the determination of the fate of imidazoline-based oilfield corrosion inhibitors and surfactants in the environment.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence of peroxisomal membrane proteins in methylotrophic yeasts grown under different conditions.

We have studied the substructure and polypeptide composition of the peroxisomal membranes in two methylotrophic yeasts in relation to different growth conditions. The results obtained indicated that no significant ultrastructural differences existed between the membranes of variously grown cells. The presence of specific peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) was studied biochemically. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels of purified microbody membranes isolated from methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha, prominent protein bands were observed at 22, 31, 35, 42, 49 and 51 kD. These proteins were also present when the cells were grown in media containing ethanol and/or ethylamine. Apart from these, several other PMPs were specifically induced under these conditions, namely 24, 29, 37 and 62 kD proteins. The polypeptide composition of peroxisomal membranes from H. polymorpha was compared with that of another methylotroph, Candida biodinii. In the latter organism a specific PMP with a molecular weight of 23 kD was induced during growth on D-alanine instead of ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source.

Candida↗
PubMed1997

Reassessment of stereochemical configuration of natural phosphatidylglycerols by chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray mass spectrometry.

Using chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), we have redetermined the stereochemical configuration of some natural and synthetic phosphatidylglycerols (PG). For this purpose, the synthetic and natural PG were converted to their bis-3,5-dinitrophenylurethanes (DNPU), which were separated by HPLC using two columns having chiral phases of opposite configuration, (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine polymers. The molecular species were identified by on-line negative-ion ESI/MS. Absolute configurations of the resolved peaks were assigned by comparison with the elution order of the corresponding 1(3)-monoacyl-sn-glycerol enantiomers as bis-DNPU derivatives on the same column. The results clearly showed that the PG from cabbage leaf lipids and soybean phospholipids consisted of single R,S isomers (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerols), despite the presence of nonstereospecific phospholipase D in the tissues. On the other hand, the PG derived from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and glycerol by transphosphatidylation with cabbage phospholipase D was a mixture of 45% R,S isomers (1, 2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerols) and 55% R,R isomers (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-3'-sn-glycerols). The PG from Escherichia coli lipids was a mixture of 89% R,S and 11% R,R isomers. The present study demonstrates that chiral-phase HPLC and negative-ion ESI/MS provide direct and unambiguous information about the configuration, identity, and quantity of molecular species in natural and synthetic PG.

Brassica↗
PubMed2001

Glycoprotein identification and localization of O-glycosylation sites by mass spectrometric analysis of deglycosylated/alkylaminylated peptide fragments.

In-gel digestion of densely O-glycosylated proteins, an essential step in proteome analysis, is often hampered by steric hindrance of the proteases. To overcome this technical problem a simple and convenient method has been developed, which combines several advantages: (1) Approximately 70% of the oligosaccharides are cleaved without significant protein hydrolysis at the optimal reaction conditions of 70% ethylamine, and quantitative cleavage is achieved with 40% methylamine, at 50 degrees C. (2) To the unsaturated derivatives of Ser and Thr the alkylamine is added as a label of previous O-glycosylation sites. (3) The alkylaminylated protein is effectively cleaved by proteolysis. (4) The modified peptides are identified by MALDI mass spectrometry under consideration of incremental mass increases. (5) The alkylamine label is stable under MALDI post-source-decay analysis as well as in collision-induced dissociation experiments allowing sequencing and peptide localization of O-glycosylation sites. Applicability of the method is evaluated with a series of synthetic glycopeptides, the densely O-glycosylated human glycophorin A, and with the mucin MUC1 from human milk fat globule membranes.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1998

Chiral recognition at the heme active site of nitric oxide synthase is markedly enhanced by L-arginine and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin.

The effects of substrate, L-Arg and cofactors, (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) and calmodulin (CaM), on chiral discrimination by rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) for binding the enantiomers of 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine (ligand I), 1-cyclohexylethylamine (ligand II), and 1-(4-pyridyl)ethanol (ligand III) were studied under anaerobic conditions by optical absorption spectroscopy. The ratio of the dissociation constant (Kd) values for the S- and R-enantiomers of ligand I (S/R) was 30, while the S/R ratio for ligand II and the R/S ratio for ligand III were 1.8 and < 0.14, respectively, in the presence of 0.15 microM H4B. However, in the presence of 1 mM L-Arg, the S/R ratio of the Kd values for ligand I was decreased down to 5.9. In the presence of both 1 mM L-Arg and 0.1 mM H4B, the S/R ratios for ligands I and II and the R/S ratio for ligand III were enormously increased up to 29, > 80, and 60, respectively. These and other spectral observations strongly suggest that strict chiral recognition at the active site of nNOS during catalysis is exhibited only in the presence of the active effector.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1997

Chemisorption on Thiol-Silicas: Divalent Cations as a Function of pH and Primary Amines on Thiol-Mercury Adsorbed

The silylating agent 3-trimethoxysilyl-1-propanethiol was immobilized on silica gel. Sulphur analysis showed 0.98 mmol of thiol groups per gram of support. These groups chemisorbed divalent cations: nickel, cobalt, copper, and mercury in the pH range from 1 to 6. The adsorption is more significant for mercury in relation to the other cations in the pH range studied. The primary amines, methylamine, ethylamine, n-butylamine, and benzylamine, were adsorbed on silica-thiol surface and on silica-thiol surface with mercury adsorbed. The values of adsorption constants were calculated using Langmuir isotherms data. Using these values, equilibrium constants and DeltaG values for each adsorption system were also obtained. When mercury is present on the silica surface, the adsorption of n-butylamine and benzylamine is significatively enhanced in relation to the other amines. This behavior suggests that the degree of adsorption of the studied amines is intimately related to their dissociation constants. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Properties of mammalian tissue-bound semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase: possible clues to its physiological function?

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), occurs not only in vascular smooth muscle but also in other cell types (e.g. adipocytes, chondrocytes, odontoblasts), probably in the plasma membrane. Although certain aromatic biogenic amines (e.g. tryptamine, tyramine, beta-phenyl-ethylamine) may be endogenous substrates for SSAO in species such as the rat, the weak activity of SSAO in human tissues towards these amines makes this less likely in man. However SSAO in human and rat vascular homogenates readily converts the aliphatic biogenic amines methylamine and aminoacetone to formaldehyde and methylglyoxal, respectively. Also the xenobiotic aliphatic amine allylamine produces cardiovascular damage in experimental animals by a mechanism which involves its deamination by SSAO to acrolein. Further metabolism of these toxic aliphatic aldehydes may involve glutathione-dependent pathways. Thus, SSAO may be involved not only in the removal of physiologically-active endogenous/xenobiotic amines, but resulting metabolite (aldehyde/H2O2?) formation could also influence cellular function.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1996

Cloning and characterization of the cDNA for lycopene beta-cyclase from tomato reveals decrease in its expression during fruit ripening.

The cDNA which encodes lycopene cyclase, CrtL, was cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VF36) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN) and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. This enzyme converts lycopene to beta-carotene by catalyzing the formation of two beta-rings at each end of the linear carotene. The enzyme interacts with half of the carotenoid molecule and requires a double bond at the C-7,8 (or C-7,8') position. Inhibition in E. coli indicated that lycopene cyclase is the target site for the inhibitor MPTA, 2-(4-methylphenoxy)tri-ethylamine hydrochloride. The primary structure of lycopene cyclase in higher plants is significantly conserved with the enzyme from cyanobacteria but different from that of the non-photosynthetic bacteria Erwinia. mRNA of CrtL and Pds, which encodes phytoene desaturase, was measured in leaves, flowers and ripening fruits of tomato. In contrast to genes which encode enzymes of early steps in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, whose transcription increases during the 'breaker' stage of fruit ripening, the level of CrtL mRNA decreases at this stage. Hence, the accumulation of lycopene in tomato fruits is apparently due to a down-regulation of the lycopene cyclase gene that occurs at the breaker stage of fruit development. This conclusion supports the hypothesis that transcriptional regulation of gene expression is a predominant mechanism of regulating carotenogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Neurochemical and behavioural evidence that dopamine D-2 receptors in striatum couple to the Ni regulatory protein and inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation.

The effects of intrastriatal pertussis toxin, which inactivates the regulatory protein Ni, were investigated in various models of striatal D-2 receptor function in the rat. Using a multiple injection technique unilateral intrastriatal injections of pertussis toxin induced, after a lag phase, ipsilateral postural asymmetries which intensified upon peripheral administration of apomorphine. Injections of pertussis toxin also partially reduced the ability of a selective D-2 agonist, RU 24926 [N-n-propyl di-beta (3-hydroxyphenyl)-ethylamine], to inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation due to a selective D-1 agonist SKF 38393 (2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine), whilst also reducing the affinity of dopamine for D-2 binding sites in striatal membranes from animals given prior intrastriatal injections of the toxin. Pertussis toxin also increased striatal dopamine metabolism, seen as a reduction in the dopamine: DOPAC (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) ratio, similar to that seen following intrastriatal injections of the selective D-2 antagonist (+/-)-sulpiride. These results suggest that pertussis toxin has dopamine D-2 antagonist-like properties in the rat striatum, consistent with the idea that striatal D-2 function may rely, in part at least, upon the regulatory protein Ni and adenylate cyclase inhibition.

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of noradrenaline release from the sympathetic nerves of the human saphenous vein by presynaptic histamine H3 receptors.

The human saphenous vein was used to examine whether presynaptic histamine receptors can modulate noradrenaline release and, if so, to determine their pharmacological characteristics. Strips of this blood vessel were incubated with [3H]noradrenaline and subsequently superfused with physiological salt solution containing desipramine and corticosterone. Electrically (2 Hz) evoked 3H overflow was inhibited by histamine and the H3 receptor agonist R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine. Histamine-induced inhibition of electrically evoked tritium overflow was not affected by alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade by rauwolscine. S-(+)-alpha-methylhistamine (up to 10 mumol/l) as well as the histamine H1 and H2 receptor agonists 2-(2-thiazolyl)ethylamine (up to 3 mumol/l) and dimaprit (up to 30 mumol/l), respectively, were ineffective. The selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide abolished the inhibitory effect of histamine. The histamine H2 and H1 receptor antagonists ranitidine and pheniramine, respectively, did not affect the histamine-induced inhibition of evoked tritium overflow. The present results are compatible with the suggestion that the sympathetic nerves of the human saphenous vein are endowed with inhibitory presynaptic histamine receptors of the H3 class.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evidence for presynaptic location of inhibitory 5-HT1D beta-like autoreceptors in the guinea-pig brain cortex.

The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists on tritium overflow evoked by high K+ were determined in superfused synaptosomes and slices, preincubated with [3H]5-HT, from guinea-pig brain cortex. In addition, we estimated the potencies of 5-HT receptor ligands in inhibiting specific [3H]5-HT binding (in the presence of 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin and mesulergine to prevent binding to 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C sites) to guinea-pig cortical synaptosomes and membranes. 5-HT receptor agonists inhibited the K(+)-evoked tritium overflow from synaptosomes and slices. In synaptosomes the rank order of potencies was 2-[5-[3-(4-methylsulphonylamino)benzyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl] -1H-indole-3-yl] ethylamine (L-694,247) > 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) > oxymetazoline (in the presence of idazoxan) > or = 5-HT > sumatriptan > or = 5-methoxy-3(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole (RU 24969). The potencies of the agonists in inhibiting tritium overflow from slices correlated with those in synaptosomes, suggesting that the same site of action is involved in both preparations. In synaptosomes the nonselective antagonist at cloned human 5-HT1D alpha and 5-HT1D beta receptors, methiothepin, shifted the concentration-response curve for 5-CT to the right (apparent pA2: 7.87). In contrast, ketanserin at a concentration which should block the 5-HT1D alpha, but not the 5-HT1D beta, receptor did not alter the inhibitory effect of 5-CT on tritium overflow. In cortical synaptosomes and membranes, [3H]5-HT bound to a single site with high affinity. In competition experiments, 5-HT receptor agonists and antagonists inhibited specific [3H]5-HT binding. In synaptosomes the rank order was L-694,247 > methiothepin > 5-CT > 5-methoxytryptamine > 5-HT > or = sumatriptan > or = oxymetazoline > RU 24969 > ketanserin > ritanserin. A very similar rank order was obtained in cerebral cortical membranes. The potencies of the 5-HT receptor agonists in inhibiting tritium overflow from synaptosomes and slices correlated with their potencies in inhibiting [3H]5-HT binding to synaptosomes and membranes. In conclusion, the 5-HT receptors mediating inhibition of 5-HT release in the guinea-pig cortex are located on the serotoninergic axon terminals and, hence, represent presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptors. The [3H]5-HT binding sites in cerebral cortical synaptosomes and membranes exhibit the pharmacological properties of 5-HT1D receptors. The correlation between the functional responses and the binding data confirms the 5-HT1D character of the presynaptic 5-HT autoreceptors. According to the results of the interaction experiment of ketanserin and methiothepin with 5-CT on 5-HT release, the presynaptic 5-HT autoreceptors can be subclassified as 5-HT1D beta-like.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Histamine H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release in pig retina discs.

Discs of pig retina were preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, 3H-dopamine or 3H-serotonin and then superfused. Electrical field stimulation increased the outflow of tritium from discs preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline or 3H-dopamine, but no from discs preincubated with 3H-serotonin. The tritium content at the end of superfusion was similar in discs preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline or 3H-dopamine but about tenfold lower in discs preincubated with 3H-serotonin. The tritium content in discs preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline was markedly reduced when desipramine was present during preincubation but was not affected by selective inhibitors of dopamine and serotonin uptake. The tritium content in discs preincubated with 3H-dopamine and 3H-serotonin, in contrast, was reduced or tended to be reduced by a selective dopamine and serotonin uptake inhibitor, respectively. The electrically evoked overflow of tritium from discs preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline was abolished by tetrodotoxin or omission of Ca2+. In discs superfused with desipramine, the electrically evoked overflow was enhanced by phentolamine but not affected by histamine. When both desipramine and phentolamine were present in the superfusion medium, histamine inhibited the evoked overflow (pIC15 6.85). This effect was mimicked by the histamine H3 receptor agonist R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine as well as by its S-(+)-enantiomer (pIC15 7.85 and 5.30, respectively) but not by the H1 receptor agonist 2-(2-thiazolyl)ethylamine and the H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (each 10 mumol/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Involvement of presynaptic H3 receptors in the inhibitory effect of histamine on serotonin release in the rat brain cortex.

Rat brain cortex slices or synaptosomes preincubated with 3H-serotonin were superfused with physiological salt solution (which, in the case of slices, contained citalopram, an inhibitor of serotonin uptake), and the effects of histamine and related drugs on the evoked tritium overflow were studied. The electrically (3 Hz) evoked tritium overflow from slices was inhibited by histamine and the H3 receptor agonists R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine and N alpha-methylhistamine (pIC12.5 values: 6.41, 7.28 and 6.12, respectively), but not affected by the H1 receptor agonist 2-(2-thiazolyl)ethylamine and the H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (each at 10 mumol/l). The concentration-response curve for histamine was shifted to the right by the H3 receptor antagonists impromidine, burimamide and thioperamide (apparent pA2 values: 7.45, 5.97 and 7.88, respectively); the concentration-response curve of serotonin for its inhibitory effect on the electrically evoked overflow was not affected by the three drugs (apparent pA2 values: less than 5.5, less than 5.5 and less than 6.5). Given alone, impromidine, thioperamide and a low concentration of burimamide facilitated the electrically evoked overflow. In slices superfused with K(+)-rich, Ca2(+)-free solution containing tetrodotoxin throughout and in synaptosomes superfused with Ca2(+)-free solution, histamine inhibited the overflow evoked by introduction of Ca2+ (in synaptosomes, simultaneously with an increased amount of K+). In either tissue, the effect of histamine was counteracted by thioperamide. The results provide evidence that exogenous and probably also endogenous histamine inhibits serotonin release in the rat brain cortex via presynaptic histamine H3 receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Histamine H3A receptor-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline release in the mouse brain cortex.

Mouse brain cortex slices preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline were superfused with physiological salt solution containing desipramine plus a drug with alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist properties, and the effects of histamine receptor ligands on the electrically (0.3 Hz) evoked tritium overflow were studied. The evoked overflow (from slices superfused with phentolamine) was inhibited by histamine (pIC35 6.53), the H3 receptor agonist R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine (7.47) and its S-(+)-enantiomer (5.82) but not influenced by the H1 receptor agonist 2-(2-thiazolyl)-ethylamine 3.2 mumol/l and the H2 receptor agonist dimaprit 10 mumol/l. The inhibitory effect of histamine was not affected by the H1 receptor antagonist dimetindene 1 mumol/l and the H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine 10 mumol/l. The concentration-response curve of histamine (determined in the presence of rauwolscine) was shifted to the right by the H3 receptor antagonists thioperamide (apparent pA2 8.67), impromidine (7.30) and burimamide (6.82) as well as by dimaprit (6.16). The pA2 values of the four drugs were compared with their affinities for H3A and H3B binding sites in rat brain membranes (West et al. 1990 Mol Pharmacol 38:610); a significant correlation was obtained for the H3A, but not for the H3B sites. The results suggest that noradrenaline release in the mouse brain cortex is inhibited by histamine via H3A receptors and that dimaprit is an H3 receptor antagonist of moderate potency.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Promotion of cell growth by stimulation of cloned human 5-HT1D receptor sites in transfected C6-glial cells is highly sensitive to intrinsic activity at 5-HT1D receptors.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT), essentially known as a neurotransmitter and vasoactive agent, also functions as a mitogen in various cell types through several different second messenger systems. Stimulation of cloned human 5-HT1D receptor sites by sumatriptan in stably transfected rat C6-glial/5-HT1D cells promotes cell growth (Pauwels et al. (1996) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 353:144-156). In the present study, the pharmacology of this growth response was investigated using a broad series of 5-HT receptor ligands. The data were compared with the responses obtained by measuring inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation. 5-HT (EC50: 25 nM) promoted cell growth of C6-glial/5HT1D cells, and this in contrast to the absence of any measurable effect in pcDNA3-plasmid transfected and non-transfected C6-glial cells. The 5-HT effect could be mimicked by the following compounds (EC50 in nM): zolmitriptan (0.41), 2'-methyl-4'-(-methyl[1,2,4] oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]amid (GR 127,935;0.86), naratriptan (0.92), metergoline (1.9), sumatriptan (2.9), (N,N-dimethyl-2-[5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl] ethylamine (MK-462; 3.0), and R(+)-8-(hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (R(+)-8-OH-DPAT; 30.7). These EC50 -values correspond to the compounds binding affinities at the human 5-HT1D receptor site and, with the exception of GR 127,935 and metergoline also to the EC50-values found by measuring over 5 min inhibition of forskolin (100 microM)-stimulated cAMP formation. Prolonged exposure of GR 127,935(3 h) and metergoline (30 min) to cells yielded EC50 values in the cAMP assay more close to those measured in the mitogenic response. The growth response to sumatriptan, 5-HT, GR 127,935 and metergoline was blocked by the apparently silent antagonist methiothepin, ritanserin and ketanserin with potencies similar to blockade of inhibition of stimulated cAMP formation. The 8-OH-DPAT effect also is likely mediated by 5-HT1D receptors; stereoselectivity was found with its enantiomers at this receptor site and the effect was blocked by ketanserin (1 microM) but not by spiperone (1 microM). Micromolar concentrations of the 5-HT1B receptor agonist 3-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro)-4-pyridil-5-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyril-5-one (CP 93,129) and of the 5-HT2 receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl_-2-aminopropane (DOI) induced cell growth with a potency that accorded with the affinity of these compounds for the human 5-HT1D receptor site. These effects were sensitive to ketanserin (1 microM) antagonism, but not to blockade by beta-adrenergic blockers and the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist 2-anilino-N-[2-(3-chlorophenoxy)-propyl] acetamidine hydroiodide (BW 501-C-67). The findings suggest that 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2 receptors are not implicated in 5-HT-stimulated C6-glial/5-HT1D cell growth. In conclusion, human 5-HT1D receptors are involved in the growth of C6-glial/5-HT1D cells. This cellular response is highly sensitive to the intrinsic activity of compounds at 5-HT1D receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Characteristics of binding of [3H]NE-100, a novel sigma-receptor ligand, to guinea-pig brain membranes.

We examined the characteristics of binding of radiolabeled N,N-dipropyl-2-[4-methoxy-3-(2-phenyl-ethoxy)phenyl]- ethylamine monohydrochloride ([3H] NE-100), a highly potent and selective sigma-receptor ligand, to guinea-pig brain membranes. [3H]NE-100 showed saturable and reversible binding to sigma binding sites. A dissociation constant (Kd) and maximal numbers of binding sites (Bmax) obtained from Scatchard plot analysis were 1.2 +/- 0.1 nM and 1049.3 +/- 115.1 fmol/mg protein (n = 3), respectively. NE-100 was the most potent inhibitor of [3H]NE-100 binding among several structurally dissimilar sigma-receptor ligands, including haloperidol and (+)-pentazocine. (+)-Benzomorphanes had more than a 10-fold potent inhibitory activity over (-)-benzomorphanes, with regard to [3H]NE-100 binding. The binding of [3H]NE-100 was not influenced by histaminergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, serotonergic cholinergic or glutaminergic agents at 10(-7) M. GTP-gamma-S and phenytoin also did not affect the binding of [3H]NE-100. A higher [3H]NE-100 binding was observed in the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Except for the nuclear fraction, the highest level of [3H]NE-100 binding to subcellular fractions was observed in microsomal fractions. These results suggest that NE-100 selectively binds, with a high affinity, to sigma-1 binding sites in guinea-pig brain membranes, as an "antagonist".

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Release of prolactin and luteinizing hormone by histamine agonists in ovariectomized, steroid-treated rats under ether anesthesia.

Responses to histamine agonists administered intraventricularly under ether anesthesia were analyzed to evaluate receptor mediation in histamine stimulation of prolactin and LH release in ovariectomized, estradiol-progesterone-treated rats (OVX-E2P-treated rats). Prolactin release was markedly increased by the H2-histamine agonists, 4-methyl histamine and Dimaprit. These effects were antagonized by metiamide, an H2-blocking agent. The H1-histamine agonist, 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine (PEA) in high doses released prolactin and its effect was partially prevented by metiamide. Mepyramine, and H1-antagonist, did not exert any effect on the release of prolactin enhanced by the histamine agonists. LH release was significantly increased after 4-methyl histamine administration. Its effect was weak and was blocked by metiamide. Neither Dimaprit nor PEA exhibited action on plasma LH levels. The results obtained with histamine agonists suggest that histamine evokes prolactin release in OVX,E2P-treated rats through H2-receptors. At present, conclusions on H2-receptor mediation in LH release induced by histamine cannot be drawn from these results. The above-mentioned data, however, conclusively discard a significant participation of H1-receptors.

Animals↗