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[Rupture or disinsertion of the inferior tendon of the biceps brachii. Repair via a Boyd and Anderson approach (author's transl)].

Low rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps is a rare lesion and surgical approach is hampered by constant anatomical features, in particular the radial nerve which is the most serious potential problem. The double anterior and posterior approach of Boyd and Anderson makes it possible to completely restore the action of the tendon of the long head of the biceps without running the risk of any nerve lesion. It is for this reason that the authors prefer it to other approaches, felt to be imperfect either in terms of their final result or their technical feasibility.

Humans↗

Upper extremity injuries in young athletes.

With the knowledge base of normal anatomy, development, biomechanics, and differential diagnosis, the sports medicine professional can treat injured young athletes with greater efficiency. In addition, microtraumatic injuries may be prevented by emphasizing safe parameters of participation, proper throwing techniques, and careful monitoring of the amount of practice time and intensity. Gymnasts using apparatus should always have spotters. The height of towers and basket tosses by cheerleaders should be limited by age and ability. Proper pitching techniques, not the fastest pitch or youngest curve, should be taught to baseball players. "Play it safe" should be the rule. Finally, by establishing an early and precise diagnosis, potential complications from injuries can be lessened.

Arm Injuries↗

Sports-specific injuries.

Injuries to the upper extremities can happen in any sport. Injury patterns are common to specific sports. Understanding which injuries occur with these sports allows the examiner to diagnose and treat the athlete easily. This article reviews some of the injuries common in sports such as bicycling, golf, gymnastics, martial arts, racquet sports, and weightlifting.

Arm Injuries↗

The immature athlete. Common injuries and overuse syndromes of the elbow and wrist.

Specific elbow and wrist injuries are predictable in the skeletally immature athlete based on the biomechanics of the sport and the age of the patient. The physician must be aware of the potential for overuse injuries. Modification in training regimens is essential for recovery. A greater emphasis must be placed on the prevention of these injuries. As a general rule, the young athlete should not progress more than 10% per week in the amount and frequency of training. Correction of muscle-tendon imbalances is accomplished by maintaining strength and flexibility of susceptible tissues. In throwers, a triceps-strengthening program of progressive resisted extension exercises and a forearm flexor/extensor-strengthening program using the French curl technique are helpful. Careful attention to throwing technique and proper coaching are essential. The goal for the young athlete is early recognition of the injury and thereby prevention of a long-term disability.

Adolescent↗

[Radiology of joint trauma (author's transl)].

Demonstration of the value of diagnostic radiology in the field of surgical trauma, especially in trauma of the skeletal system. Recommendation to place special emphasis on optimal X-ray technique - in the radiography of acute trauma as well as in follow-up studies.

Ankle Injuries↗