Anal stenosis and mucosal ectropion.
Anal stenosis (AS) or stricture is defined as the loss of compliant natural elasticity of the anal opening, which then becomes abnormally tight and fibrous. It is a very disabling condition, worsened by the patient's embarrassment, but uncommon. The vast majority of cases are secondary to trauma, iatrogeny, inflammatory diseases, or neoplasia, or occur postradiation. Depending on the severity and level of involvement, AS can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Due to the rarity of this pathology and the different referral patterns among institutions, the etiology ranges widely between published reports. There are multiple surgical techniques that have been described for the correction or improvement of AS. Moderate or severe AS is the usual indication for operative treatment.