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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Mortality psychiatric specialist care in the Lundby study. Age-standardized death rates in different forms of psychiatric services in a total population investigated during a 25-year period.

In the present study a general population cohort of 3,563 persons has been observed concerning psychiatric attendance during a 25-year period, and the mortality experience among patients of different levels of psychiatric care has been studied. The relative overall death risk compared with that of the total Lundby population was found to be 1.9 in men and 1.5 in women with a background of any kind of psychiatric contact. Among former or present inpatients at mental hospitals the overall mortality rate in both sexes was about twice as high as that found in the total population. In men who had been inpatients at psychiatric departments the relative death risk from all causes of death was 4.8, whereas the corresponding risks among men and women who had only come into contact with psychiatric services as outpatients were 1.3 and 1.1, respectively. The relative violent death risk in men with a psychiatric contact was 4.6 compared with the total male population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of carotid siphon stenosis on stroke rate, death, and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in stroke rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in patients with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 patients. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I (44 patients, 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation stenosis only; group I (35 patients, 44 endarterectomies) had siphon stenosis plus bifurcation stenosis. All patients in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative strokes, four late strokes (8.7%), one operate death (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II patients had two intraoperative strokes (4.5%), three perioperative strokes (6.8%), two late strokes (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 patients in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon stenosis than bifurcation stenosis. In this subgroup, there was one operative stroke (5.6%), only perioperative stroke (5.6%), one late stroke (5.9%), one postoperative death (5.6%), and one late death (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in patients with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of stroke or death following bifurcation endarterectomy in patients with tandem carotid lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Trends in lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, and emphysema death rates for England and Wales 1941-85 and their relation to trends in cigarette smoking.

Trends in smoking associated respiratory diseases in England and Wales during 1941-85 have been studied, with careful attention to problems caused by changes in classification of cause of death. Three diseases were selected for analysis: lung cancer, emphysema, and chronic obstructive lung disease. During 1971-85 deaths that would previously have been certified under chronic bronchitis have increasingly tended to be classified under chronic airways obstruction. The definition of chronic obstructive lung disease that was used includes both terms to avoid the artificial decline caused by consideration of chronic bronchitis in isolation. Age specific rates for all three diseases show a pronounced cohort (period of birth) pattern, rates for men rising up to the rates for those born shortly after the turn of the century and then declining, and rates for women peaking in the cohort born 20-25 years later. For chronic obstructive lung disease, but not for lung cancer and emphysema, the cohort peak is superimposed on a sharply declining downward trend. In both sexes cohort patterns of cumulative cigarette consumption peak at a time broadly similar to those seen for the three diseases. Trends in cigarette consumption, however, cannot explain the underlying steeply declining rate of chronic obstructive lung disease. Nor can they fully explain the declining trends in lung cancer and emphysema rates in younger men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Regional differences in death rates among postneonatal infants in Kentucky, 1982-1985.

Our objective was to analyze differences in postneonatal mortality rates between the southeastern (Appalachian) region of Kentucky and the remainder of the state to identify factors associated with increased mortality in the Appalachian (AP) region. The relative risk of postneonatal deaths in the AP region when compared with the remainder of Kentucky (KY) was 1.38 (95% confidence interval = 1.15-1.65). Adjustment for birth weight, maternal age, and marital status of the parents had no appreciable effect on the risk ratio; however, adjustment for maternal education negated the increased risk of postneonatal death among the AP region births. When causes of postneonatal death were compared, three specific disease groupings were disproportionately represented among AP infants: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS); congenital malformations; and infections. Most striking was the excess risk of infection-related death because it represents a preventable component in the postneonatal mortality excess of the AP region; and, because of the apparent association with maternal "under education." These findings are discussed within a public health intervention context.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed2003

Influenza vaccination: reduction in hospitalizations and death rates among members of "Maccabi Healthcare Services" during the 2000-2001 influenza season.

BACKGROUND: Upper respiratory tract illnesses have been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of vaccination against influenza on the risk of hospitalization in internal medicine and geriatric wards, and the risk of death from all causes during the 2000-2001 influenza season. METHODS: A historical cohort study was conducted using computerized general practitioner records on patients aged 65 years and above, members of "Maccabi Healthcare Services"--the second largest health maintenance organization in Israel with 1.6 million members. The patients were divided into high and low risk groups corresponding to coexisting conditions, and were studied. Administrative and clinical data were used to evaluate outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 84,613 subjects in the cohort 42.8% were immunized. At baseline, vaccinated subjects were sicker and had higher rates of coexisting conditions than unvaccinated subjects. Vaccination against influenza was associated with a 30% reduction in hospitalization rates and 70% in mortality rates in the high risk group. The NNT (number needed to treat) measured to prevent one hospitalization was 53.2 (28.2 in the high risk group and 100.4 in the low risk group). When referring to length of hospitalization, one vaccine was needed to prevent 1 day of hospitalization among the high risk group. Analyses according to age and the presence or absence of major medical conditions at baseline revealed similar findings across all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly, vaccination against influenza is associated with a reduction in both the total risk of hospitalization and in the risk of death from all causes during the influenza season. These findings compel the rationale to increase compliance with recommendations for annual influenza vaccination among the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Screening for colorectal cancer. Use of a new protocol may reduce death rates.

The goal of screening for colorectal cancer is to find early, asymptomatic cancers and adenomatous polyps that are 1 cm or more in diameter or that are villous or tubulovillous histologically. A study using fecal occult blood testing with rehydration and no sigmoidoscopy found that deaths from colorectal cancer can be reduced by screening. Although this protocol is effective in screening, whether it is the optimal approach remains to be determined. Flexible sigmoidoscopy as a screening method has not been studied, except in nonrandomized tests. However, since endoscopic diagnosis and treatment is ultimately the means by which benefits from fecal occult blood testing are realized and since flexible sigmoidoscopy visualizes more than half of colon cancers and colon polyps, it seems logical that this method would be an effective screening test. Whether doing both rehydrated fecal occult blood testing and flexible sigmoidoscopy enhances results is unknown. It seems appropriate to use the rehydration method when fecal occult blood testing is done and flexible sigmoidoscopy when endoscopy is done. Fecal occult blood testing should precede sigmoidoscopy so that patients with a positive result can go directly to colonoscopy and avoid two procedures.

Colonic Polyps↗
PubMed2005

An evaluation of state firearm regulations and homicide and suicide death rates.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if any of five different state gun laws were associated with firearm mortality: (1) "shall issue" laws permitting an individual to carry a concealed weapon unless restricted by another statute; (2) a minimum age of 21 years for handgun purchase; (3) a minimum age of 21 years for private handgun possession; (4) one gun a month laws which restrict handgun purchase frequency; and (5) junk gun laws which ban the sale of certain cheaply constructed handguns. DESIGN: A cross sectional time series study of firearm mortality from 1979 to 1998. SETTING: All 50 states and the District of Columbia. SUBJECTS: All residents of the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Firearm homicides, all homicides, firearm suicides, and all suicides. RESULTS: When a "shall issue" law was present, the rate of firearm homicides was greater, RR 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.24), than when the law was not present, as was the rate of all homicides, RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.17), although this was not statistically significant. No law was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the rates of firearm homicides or total homicides. No law was associated with a statistically significant change in firearm suicide rates. CONCLUSION: A "shall issue" law that eliminates most restrictions on carrying a concealed weapon may be associated with increased firearm homicide rates. No law was associated with a statistically significant reduction in firearm homicide or suicide rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Social science. Stress: the invisible hand in Eastern Europe's death rates.

The end of communism opened up a life of economic uncertainty in the Eastern Bloc. And that, say some social scientists, may be exerting a deadly effect on residents, whose high expectations that their lives would improve were quickly dashed by the bumpy transition to a market economy. Disillusionment led to stress and depression, and depression was a harbinger of death.

Communism↗