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The effects of trazodone on sleep in patients treated with stimulant antidepressants.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of trazodone on subjective and objective measures of sleep in depressed insomnia patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs can exacerbate or cause new insomnia while alleviating other symptoms of depression. Trazodone has been reported to be an effective hypnotic for patients with antidepressant-associated insomnia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve female patients were given either 100 mg trazodone or placebo for 7 days in a double-blind crossover design with a 7-day washout period. Polysomnographic recordings were repeated on the 3rd, 9th and 17th, 23rd nights after treatment with trazodone or placebo. Sleep was assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) at the beginning and end of the study. Psychological evaluation was done by Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). RESULTS: Trazodone significantly increased total sleep time, percentage of stages 3+4, sleep efficiency index, sleep continuity index and decreased percentage of stage 1, number of awakenings, stage shifts compared to the baseline. This improvement was also obtained after 7 days of treatment. The PSQI score was reduced to 5+/-1.6 at the end of the study. HDRS was reduced to 11.5+/-4.5 with trazodone and to 12.2+/-3 with placebo. CONCLUSION: Trazodone is effective in the treatment of antidepressant-associated insomnia.

Adult↗

12% lactate lotion for the treatment of xerosis. A double-blind clinical evaluation.

Sixty patients with moderate to severe xerosis participated in a 21-day, randomized, double-blind, contralateral study for efficacy of a specially neutralized 12% lactate lotion compared with a 5% lactic acid lotion and a nonlactated emollient lotion. The severity of xerosis was evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 during treatment and on days 28 and 35 one and two weeks after treatment was discontinued. All three preparations significantly reduced the severity scores of xerosis. During the "regression" period after treatment was discontinued, patients receiving 12% lactate lotion, compared with those treated with nonlactated emollient lotion, had had significantly greater reductions in the severity scores of xerosis for the lateral calf area at days 28 and 35 and for total severity scores (combined mean differences for lateral, medial, and pretibial areas) at day 35. Compared with 5% lactic acid lotion, the 12% lactate lotion provided significantly greater reductions for total severity scores at days 28 and 35.

Adult↗

[Tolerance to a sustained release form of isosorbide dinitrate: comparison between 20 mg four times and 40 mg twice-daily administrations].

Attenuation of antianginal effects of oral isosorbide dinitrate in a sustained release from (ISDN-SR) were studied using the treadmill exercise test in eleven patients with stable exertional angina and a positive exercise test. We compared the four-time-daily administration of 20 mg with a twice-daily regimen of 40 mg for 10 days using the double-blind, crossover method. On the 1st day of the administration, with both regimens, the treadmill walking time, the time to 1mm and 2mm ST depression, and several hemodynamic parameters increased significantly. These improvements were reduced gradually on day 5 and day 10 after the administration. In the comparison between the four-time-daily and two-time-daily regimens, the former application showed clearer antianginal and hemodynamic effects than the latter regimen, but these effects were attenuated more markedly in the four-time daily administration. With both dosage regimens, the plasma ISDN concentrations increased gradually. With the long-term four-time-daily regimen, the time-to-time changes of the ISDN concentration were smaller each day. These data suggest that tolerance to oral ISDN-SR exists even if it is applied only two time daily, but its degree is less than when a four-time-daily dose in administered.

Administration, Oral↗

Omapatrilat versus lisinopril: efficacy and neurohormonal profile in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients.

Omapatrilat, a vasopeptidase inhibitor, simultaneously inhibits neutral endopeptidase and ACE. The efficacy and hormonal profile of omapatrilat and lisinopril were compared in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients. On enrollment, antihypertensive medications were withdrawn, and patients received a single-blind placebo. On day 15, salt-sensitivity determinations were made. Salt-sensitive hypertensive patients returned within 5 to 10 days for baseline evaluations of ambulatory diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory systolic blood pressure, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Salt-sensitive hypertensive patients were randomized to receive double-blind omapatrilat (n=28) or lisinopril (n=33) at initial doses of 10 mg for 1 week, increasing to 40 and 20 mg, respectively, for an additional 3 weeks. Ambulatory blood pressure and urinary atrial natriuretic peptide were assessed at study termination. Both omapatrilat and lisinopril significantly reduced mean 24-hour ambulatory diastolic and systolic blood pressures; however, omapatrilat produced significantly greater reductions in mean 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (P=0.008), ambulatory systolic blood pressure (P=0.004), and ambulatory mean arterial pressure (P=0.005) compared with values from lisinopril. Both drugs potently inhibited ACE over 24 hours. Omapatrilat significantly (P<0.001) increased urinary excretion of atrial natriuretic peptide over 0- to 24-hour (3.8-fold) and 12- to 24-hour (2-fold) intervals; lisinopril produced no change. Omapatrilat significantly (P<0.001) increased urinary excretion of cGMP over the 0- to 24- and 4- to 8-hour intervals compared with that from lisinopril. Neither drug had a diuretic, natriuretic, or kaliuretic effect. In conclusion, in salt-sensitive hypertensive patients, omapatrilat demonstrated the hormonal profile of a vasopeptidase inhibitor and lowered ambulatory diastolic and systolic blood pressures more than lisinopril.

Adult↗

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate in older, depressed, medically ill patients.

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the efficacy of methylphenidate in the treatment of depression in a group of older, medically ill patients. METHOD: Sixteen patients underwent an 8-day double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial; 13 completed the trial. RESULTS: Statistically and clinically significant treatment responses were found. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of methylphenidate in older, medically ill patients in whom rapid resolution of depressive symptoms is crucial.

Age Factors↗

Cyclosporine dose, serum trough levels, and allograft preservation in a rat model of laryngeal transplantation.

Using a rat model of laryngeal transplantation, we sought to define the relationships between acute laryngeal rejection grade (RG) and cyclosporin A (CSA) concentration and CSA dosage. Five recipient Lewis rat groups (N = 10 per group) were administered intramuscular CSA doses of 1.0 (group 1), 2.5 (group 2), 5.0 (group 3), 7.5 (group 4), and 10 mg/kg per day (group 5) for 14 days. Immediately before sacrifice, 5 mL of whole blood was obtained to assay CSA trough levels by high-performance liquid chromatography. The specimens were graded microscopically by blinded reviewers by day of RG, 0 to 14 days after transplantation, as described in earlier reports. Despite high intragroup variability in CSA levels, significantly different mean CSA concentrations were achieved among all CSA dosage groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (.0001 < p < .02). The mean laryngeal RGs did not test significantly different from each other with groups 3, 4, and 5 (RG, 2.3 +/- 1.3 versus 1.9 +/- 1.1 versus 1.7 +/- 0.3, respectively, .2 < p < .6). The RG for group 1 was significantly greater than those for groups 2 through 5 (p < .001), and the group 2 RG was greater (p < .02) than those for groups 3, 4, and 5. Polynomial fitting was used to determine the continuous relationship between each individual specimen's CSA concentration and the RG. Significant pathological allograft rejection correlated with CSA concentrations below 250 ng/mL.

Animals↗

A double-blind comparative study of the effects of a 23-day oral contraceptive regimen with 20 microg ethinyl estradiol and 75 microg gestodene and a 21-day regimen with 30 microg ethinyl estradiol and 75 microg gestodene on hemostatic variables, lipids, and carbohydrate metabolism.

In this double-blind study we compared the influence of two oral contraceptives, a 23-day regimen with 20 microg ethinyl estradiol and 75 microg gestodene (23-day 20/75) and a 21-day regimen with 30 microg ethinyl estradiol and 75 microg gestodene (21-day 30/75), on hemostatic variables, lipids, and carbohydrate metabolism. The volunteers received the preparations daily for six 28-day cycles. Hemostatic variables and lipids were measured at baseline and after six treatment cycles. Carbohydrate metabolism was assessed by determination of the area under the curve (AUC) of carbohydrate parameters after oral glucose tolerance tests performed at baseline and after three treatment cycles. Data from 33 volunteers in each group were obtained. No significant differences between the effects of both treatments on the hemostatic system were detected. Neither the overall change of all hemostatic variables from baseline to treatment Cycle 6 [defined as primary target variable in the study] nor the change of any of the individual hemostatic parameters differed significantly between the treatment groups. Likewise, no significant nor clinically relevant differences in the effects of both treatments on the volunteers' lipid profiles were detected. The data on carbohydrate variables suggested a slightly more favorable influence of the 23-day 20/75 regimen. The increase of the glucose AUCs after three cycles tended to be stronger with the 21-day 30/75 regimen than with the 23-day 20/75 regimen. In addition, the AUCs for insulin and C-peptide were slightly reduced after three cycles with the 23-day 20/75 regimen but slightly increased with the 21-day 30/75 regimen. Both study treatments were safe and well tolerated by the volunteers as shown by the nature and frequency of adverse events, the routine laboratory examinations, and the physical and gynecological examinations. Both preparations provided adequate contraceptive reliability. The only pregnancy during treatment was attributable to intake errors. In conclusion, the prolongation of the treatment phase of an oral contraceptives with 20 microg ethinyl estradiol does not evoke more pronounced metabolic effects than a conventional 21-day regimen with 30 microg ethinyl estradiol.

Adolescent↗

Effect of a hydantoin prostaglandin analogue, BW245C, during oral dosing in man.

Following an open pilot study, the effects of repeated oral doses of BW245C, a hydantoin prostaglandin analogue, were studied in man. Six healthy volunteers received 150 micrograms BW245C or placebo 6-hourly for 5 days according to a double blind randomised balanced design with 7 days interval between treatments. Measurements of headache, facial flushing, heart rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals, ECG, platelet aggregation responses to ADP and of subjective effects were made before and 1 and 3 h after the first dose of BW245C/placebo on days 1, 3 and 5 of dosing. BW245C produced significantly (p less than 0.05) higher headache scores than placebo on days 3 and 5; facial flushing, nasal stuffiness and abdominal discomfort were more frequent on BW245C than placebo. Heart rate, derived from the ECG, was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher and pre-ejection period significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter on BW245C at 1 h after dosing on each day. Left ventricular ejection time index, QS2 index, PR interval, QRS duration and T wave height were unchanged. Heart rate, counted at the radial pulse, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, all measured lying and standing, were similar for BW245C and placebo. Platelet aggregation responses were not significantly different between the two treatments. The results indicate that repeated oral doses of BW245C, sufficient to cause moderately uncomfortable subjective effects, do not inhibit platelet aggregation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

The acute effects of androstenedione supplementation in healthy young males.

We examined the effects of androstenedione supplementation on the hormonal profile of 10 males and its interaction with resistance exercise. Baseline testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and androstenedione concentrations were established by venous sampling at 3 hr intervals over 24 hr. Subjects ingested 200 mg of androstenedione daily for 2 days, with second and third day blood samples. Two weeks later, they ingested androstenedione or a placebo for 2 days, in a double-blind, cross-over design. On day 2, they performed heavy resistance exercise with blood sampled before, after, and 90 min post. The supplement elevated plasma androstenedione 2--3-fold and luteinizing hormone approximately 70% but did not alter testosterone concentration. Exercise elevated testosterone, with no difference between conditions. Exercise in the supplemented condition significantly elevated plasma estradiol by approximately 83% for 90 min. Androstenedione supplementation, thus, is unlikely to provide male athletes with any anabolic benefit and, with heavy resistance exercise, elevates estrogen.

Adult↗

A placebo-controlled pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction study between tamsulosin and acenocoumarol.

AIM: To evaluate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between tamsulosin and acenocoumarol. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers received tamsulosin 0.4 mg or placebo once daily for 9 days in a double-blind, cross-over study. On day 5 of each study period, a single 10-mg oral dose of racemic acenocoumarol was administered. RESULTS: The ratios (point estimates (90% confidence intervals)) of values in the presence and absence of tamsulosin were: AUCPT 1.01 (0.98, 1.03); maximum prothrombin time (Ptmax) 0.99 (0.94, 1.05); AUC (R)-acenocoumarol 1.02 (0.90, 1.16), and AUC (S)-acenocoumarol 1.03 (0.89, 1.20). Both combinations, tamsulosin and placebo with acenocoumarol, were well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple doses of tamsulosin had no effect on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a single high dose of acenocoumarol.

Acenocoumarol↗

Novel concepts: emerging data and the role of extended prophylaxis following hip fracture surgery.

The typical duration of hospitalization following major knee and hip surgeries may not provide adequate time for effective prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) when inpatient therapy only is administered. Results from a clinical trial that extended the duration of VTE prophylaxis after hip fracture surgery are reviewed. The risk of VTE after major knee and hip arthroplasty has been demonstrated to extend into the outpatient period. Although extending the duration of VTE prophylaxis has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of VTE following total hip replacement, no randomized, double-blinded assessment had demonstrated the effectiveness of this strategy following hip fracture surgery. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted to assess prolonged prophylaxis of VTE in patients undergoing surgery for fracture of the upper third of the femur. Patients received an initial 7 +/- 1 day open period of treatment with subcutaneous fondaparinux (2.5 mg once daily); 656 patients were subsequently randomized to receive a 21 +/- 2-day double-blind treatment period of either the same fondaparinux regimen or placebo. Fondaparinux treatment produced statistically significant reductions in the incidence of all VTE events (1.4% compared with placebo 35.0%); prolonged prophylaxis was associated with a 96% relative risk reduction for VTE (p < 0.001). Also, no differences were observed in the incidence of other major endpoints such as bleeding or death. These results indicate that extended prophylaxis with fondaparinux significantly reduces the risk of VTE without increasing the risk of major bleeding.

Forecasting↗

Comparative efficacy and safety of nimesulide and diclofenac in patients with acute shoulder, and a meta-analysis of controlled studies with nimesulide.

Adverse events, particularly gastrointestinal, partially offset the therapeutic value of NSAIDs. The abilities of nimesulide to inhibit COX-2 preferentially and to exert other novel anti-inflammatory actions are consistent with good efficacy and safety. This is borne out by a double-blind multicentre comparison of nimesulide and diclofenac in 122 patients with acute shoulder, and by a meta-analysis of various nimesulide trials. At the end of the 14 day double-blind study, nimesulide was at least as effective as diclofenac (investigator ratings: good/very good in 79.0% of patients given nimesulide, and 78.0% with diclofenac; patient ratings: good/very good in 82.3 and 78.0% respectively). Four patients (6.5%) dropped out in the nimesulide group (two early recovery, one lack of effect, one adverse event), compared with 13 (21.7%) in the diclofenac group, due mainly to adverse events (P=0.003). Global tolerability was judged by the investigators to be good/very good in 96.8% of the nimesulide group compared with 72.9% of those given diclofenac. Judgements by the patients were 96.8 and 78.0% respectively. Both differences are highly significant statistically. The meta-analysis demonstrates that nimesulide given for 2 weeks is far more efficacious than placebo in treating osteoarthritis, and is at least comparable to other NSAIDs The benefit-risk ratio for nimesulide was better in all individual studies since 100 mg nimesulide twice daily was about equal to placebo in safety and tolerability, especially regarding gastrointestinal adverse events.

Acute Disease↗

Effectiveness of discontinuing antibiotic treatment after three days versus eight days in mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia: randomised, double blind study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of discontinuing treatment with amoxicillin after three days or eight days in adults admitted to hospital with mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia who substantially improved after an initial three days' treatment. DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled non-inferiority trial. SETTING: Nine secondary and tertiary care hospitals in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia (pneumonia severity index score < or = 110). INTERVENTIONS: Patients who had substantially improved after three days' treatment with intravenous amoxicillin were randomly assigned to oral amoxicillin (n = 63) or placebo (n = 56) three times daily for five days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the clinical success rate at day 10. Secondary outcome measures were the clinical success rate at day 28, symptom resolution, radiological success rates at days 10 and 28, and adverse events. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable, with the exception of symptom severity, which was worse in the three day treatment group. In the three day and eight day treatment groups the clinical success rate at day 10 was 93% for both (difference 0.1%, 95% confidence interval--9% to 10%) and at day 28 was 90% compared with 88% (difference 2.0%,--9% to 15%). Both groups had similar resolution of symptoms. Radiological success rates were 86% compared with 83% at day 10 (difference 3%,--10% to 16%) and 86% compared with 79% at day 28 (difference 6%,--7% to 20%). Six patients (11%) in the placebo group and 13 patients (21%) in the active treatment group reported adverse events (P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing amoxicillin treatment after three days is not inferior to discontinuing it after eight days in adults admitted to hospital with mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia who substantially improved after an initial three days' treatment.

Administration, Oral↗

Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of short-term Ginkgo biloba.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate and short-term hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo). METHODS: Healthy volunteers were randomized to receive ginkgo 120 mg or placebo twice daily for 7 days in this prospective, double blind trial. After at least a 7-day washout period, subjects were crossed over to an additional 7 days of alternate therapy. Blood pressure, heart rate, and 12-lead electrocardiograms were evaluated immediately before (baseline), and at 1, 3, and 5 hours after observed ingestion of study drug on days 1 and 7 of therapy. Electrocardiographic parameters (P wave and QRS complex duration; PR, QT, and QTc intervals) were measured in lead II by a blinded investigator. RESULTS: Ginkgo had no effect on any of the evaluated electrocardiographic parameters at any time point on days 1 or 7. Additionally, no changes in heart rate or systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found between the groups at any time point on any evaluative day. CONCLUSIONS: Commonly used doses of Ginkgo biloba do not have any immediate or short-term effects on blood pressure, heart rate, or electrocardiographic variables in young, healthy volunteers.

Adult↗

First-dose analgesic effect of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor lumiracoxib in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with celecoxib [NCT00267215].

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors are frequently used to manage osteoarthritis. We compared the analgesic efficacy of the novel cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor lumiracoxib (Prexige) versus placebo and celecoxib in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This seven day, double-blind, placebo and active comparator controlled, parallel group study included 364 patients aged > or = 50 years with moderate-to-severe symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Patients received lumiracoxib 400 mg/day (four times the recommended chronic dose in osteoarthritis; n = 144), placebo (n = 75), or celecoxib 200 mg twice daily (n = 145). The primary variable was actual pain intensity difference (100 mm visual-analogue scale) between baseline and the mean of three hour and five hour assessments after the first dose. Actual pain intensity difference, average and worst pain, pain relief and functional status (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) were measured over seven days. Patients also completed a global evaluation of treatment effect at study end or premature discontinuation. For the primary variable, the superiority of lumiracoxib versus placebo, the noninferiority of lumiracoxib versus celecoxib, and the superiority of lumiracoxib versus celecoxib were assessed by closed test procedure adjusting for multiplicity, thereby maintaining the overall 5% significance level. In addition, celecoxib was assessed versus placebo in a predefined exploratory manner to assess trial sensitivity. Lumiracoxib provided better analgesia than placebo 3-5 hours after the first dose (P = 0.004) through to study end. The estimated difference between lumiracoxib and celecoxib 3-5 hours after the first dose was not significant (P = 0.185). Celecoxib was not significantly different from placebo in this analysis (P = 0.069). At study end 13.9% of lumiracoxib-treated patients reported complete pain relief versus 5.5% and 5.3% of celecoxib and placebo recipients, respectively. WOMAC total and subscales improved for both active treatments versus placebo except for difficulty in performing daily activities, for which celecoxib just failed to achieve significance (P = 0.056). In the patient's global evaluation of treatment effect, 58.1% of patients receiving lumiracoxib rated treatment as 'excellent' or 'good', versus 48.6% of celecoxib and 25.3% of placebo patients. Lumiracoxib was well tolerated. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar across treatment groups.

Aged↗

Two rapid-dose titrations of sertindole in patients with schizophrenia.

The novel antipsychotic sertindole has demonstrated efficacy in psychosis with an extrapyramidal syndrome profile indistinguishable from placebo. Prior trials of sertindole have increased the dose by 4 mg every third day, whereas the present study evaluated the safety and tolerability of two, previously untested, more rapid dose escalation regimens. Sixteen schizophrenic inpatients entered a 4-day, single-blind placebo washout period in two consecutive groups. All patients received sertindole in 4-mg dose increments up to a maximum dose of 24 mg, which was maintained for 5 days. Dose increases were every other day for group 1 (N = 8) and daily for group 2 (N = 8). Adverse events, electrocardiograms, routine laboratory tests, and plasma sertindole concentrations were recorded. No patient was discontinued because of adverse events. The most frequent adverse events were tachycardia upon orthostatic challenge, nasal congestion, dry mouth, and headache; except for dry mouth, the incidence of these was greater in group 2. All cases of tachycardia were asymptomatic. No clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were detected in either group. In conclusion, 4-mg increases of sertindole every other day seems to be safe. Daily titration was, in general, not well tolerated.

Adult↗

Effect of nedocromil on bronchospasm induced by inhalation of substance P in asthmatic subjects.

Several studies have demonstrated that neuropeptides are present in peptidergic fibres of bronchial tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo the effect of nedocromil sodium (2 x 2 mg) on bronchospasm induced by inhalation of substance P. Six moderate asthmatic patients, mean age 25.17 years, were studied. Airway response was measured as FEV1 and the dose of substance P (using a dose range of 23-736 nmol) producing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PD20) was calculated from the individual semilogarithmic dose-response curves. Patients were studied on 3 separate days in a randomized, double-blind manner. On the first day a baseline PD20 value was determined. On subsequent days substance P challenge was performed after pretreatment (20 min before challenge) with either placebo or nedocromil sodium. Student's paired t-test and Wilcoxon's test were used for statistical analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that inhalation of substance P causes a dose-dependent bronchoconstriction and that the bronchoconstriction induced by substance P can be prevented by pre-treatment with nedocromil sodium.

Adolescent↗

Comparative double-blind study of droxicam (new NSAID) versus indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis.

This randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial compares the efficacy of droxicam (20mg/day) with that of indomethacin (75mg/day) in 40 RA patients (11 male, 29 female) aged (+/- SD) 53 +/- 12.5 years. After a 7-day single-blind run-in placebo period, patients were divided into two groups and treated for 9 weeks. Assessments were done at baseline and at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 9th weeks. Both drugs improved significantly the articular pain, the duration of morning stiffness, the articular index, the functional status and the degree of fatigue. Patient's and doctor's opinions were in accordance with the above-mentioned results. The effect of both drugs was more noticeable in the first 2 weeks of treatment. Droxicam was found to be statistically more active than indomethacin in alleviating morning stiffness and improving the functional status. The improvement of the variables induced by droxicam increased progressively throughout the study whereas that induced by indomethacin remained unchanged after the 2nd or 4th week of treatment. One patient treated with indomethacin withdrew from the study due to staggering and dizziness and several patients reported dyspepsia. Droxicam seems to be as effective as indomethacin (75mg/day) in the symptomatic relief of RA patients. The possibility of the use of droxicam for the relief of morning stiffness is of particular interest.

Administration, Oral↗