SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cystitis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

[Intravesical or intrarectal instillation of maalox for the treatment of radiation cystitis or proctitis].

Intravesical or intrarectal instillation of Maalox, a well-known material for protection of mucous epithelia, was performed in 3 cases of radiation cystitis and one case of radiation proctitis, resulting insuccessful control of hemorrhage. 4 cases of uterine cervical cancer with radiotherapy, including 2 cases of primary and 2 cases of postoperative radiotherapy, were managed by Maalox treatment with intervals of one to nine years between radiotherapy and Maalox instillation. One of the three patients of hemorrhagic cystitis, who had received internal iliac arterial embolization at the another hospital, was to be performed the operation of the urinary tract diversion. 50-100 ml of original or 1/2 diluted Maalox was instilled into urinary bladder or rectum with clump of catheter for 30 min. to 1 hr. after sufficient irrigation with 500 ml of 100 times diluted isodine. Blood transfusion for anemia was done in all cases, and antibiotics, or anticoagulant agents were systematically administered in some cases. Macrohematuria or melena ceased within 2 to 8 days after initiation of Maalox therapy in all cases. In one of the three cases of hemorrhagic cystitis, macroscopic hematuria, which reappeared one year later, was also successfully treated by Maalox therapy. In a case of radiation proctitis, though the melena disappeared in 5 days, diarrhea continued and the patient died of the primary disease two months later with the formation of rectovaginal fistula. No ultimate way of treatment of radiation hemorrhagic cystitis or proctitis has been established, though both of them were clinically important and serious side effects of radiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis due to Escherichia coli.

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children has been associated with adenovirus type 11 infection as well as with urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. In the United States, the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis due to E. coli appears to be as high as, or higher than that due to adenovirus type 11, but few studies are available. We studied 14 episodes of acute hemorrhagic cystitis in 13 children aged 2-14 years (mean 6.2). Ten were female. Gross hematuria lasted 1-9 days (mean 2.2). Urine cultures were positive (greater than 10(5) colonies/ml) in 6 episodes (43%). One additional patient had a suspected infection. All children grew E. coli. Pyuria was present in 78.5% but did not correlate with positive cultures. IVP was normal in 82%. E. coli appears to be a much more common cause of acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children than heretofore reported.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Haemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplantation patients: possible increased risk associated with prior busulphan therapy.

Following bone marrow transplantation employing conditioning including 'high-dose' cyclophosphamide, 65 patients were studied for the subsequent development of symptomatic haemorrhagic cystitis. There was no protection from the urothelial toxicity of cyclophosphamide metabolites afforded by the concurrent administration of 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulphonate (mesna) if timing errors in administration were made. Other factors which might increase the risk of haemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide administration include the prior administration of busulphan to patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia, in whom the incidence of haemorrhagic cystitis was 36% compared with 4% in all other patients. We have also investigated the use of intravesical prostaglandin E2 as a treatment for haemorrhagic cystitis in eight patients, two of whom appeared to obtain major benefit.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Interstitial cystitis: painful bladder syndrome.

Although interstitial cystitis is a fairly uncommon cause of cystitis in patients, it is one that is frequently misdiagnosed as either bacterial, urological or gynecological in origin. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology, involving the bladder wall. The patient is usually a middle-aged female with presenting symptoms of 1) subacute development of pain on bladder filling, 2) urinary frequency unrelieved at night and 3) urgency. Patients complain of a varying degree of symptoms over several months or years without complete relief at any time, regardless of antibiotic treatment. The urine culture is negative and the only physical examination finding may be some urethral/vaginal tenderness. With careful attention to the symptom complex and accurate diagnostic testing, the diagnosis can be confirmed. This article summarizes the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities for interstitial cystitis; patient-counseling suggestions are provided.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1988

Treatment of experimental cystitis in the rat with a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol.

The therapeutic effectiveness of a single oral dose (60 and 200 mg/kg body weight) of fosfomycin trometamol (FT), norfloxacin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) and pipemidic acid against experimental cystitis in the rat were compared. Infections were produced with clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli in a total of 135 Sprague-Dawley albino rats. Oral treatment with all four drugs consistently lowered the numbers of CFU in bladder tissue, especially E. coli and P. mirabilis. Fosfomycin trometamol appeared to be as effective as norfloxacin for treatment of E. coli cystitis even thoughs its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro is 100 times greater than that of the quinolonic antibiotic. Fosfomycin trometamol, pipemidic acid and Bactrim were equally effective against P. mirabilis infection, but FT was less active than norfloxacin or Bactrim for treatment of K. pneumonia cystitis. In conclusion, single dose treatment with fosfomycin trometamol was effective for treatment of experimental cystitis in the rat and might, by extrapolation, be of use in clinical practice for single dose treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1987

The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis.

The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis can be firmly established by evaluating symptoms and history carefully, ruling out other diseases which can mimic its clinical picture, and performing the necessary cystoscopic examination (almost always under anesthesia). We also advocate that biopsy be performed in all individuals; although, since no pathognomonic abnormalities are demonstrable, it is unclear if the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis can be established or excluded by biopsy alone (unless, of course, another disease is encountered). While urodynamic studies are primarily useful to rule out interstitial cystitis, they may, in addition, have a role in subsequent management and/or in assessment of therapeutic response and thus, at least simple cystometry should probably also be performed. However, more complex urodynamic (e.g., electromyography, urethral pressure profilometry, etc.), radiographic (e.g., intravenous urography, voiding cystourethrography, or computerized axial tomography), laboratory or surgical (e.g., laparoscopy, prostate biopsy) studies are of minimal value in diagnosing interstitial cystitis and should only be done in the face of clinical evidence indicating their appropriateness.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1985

[A case of eosinophilic cystitis with retroperitoneal neurinoma].

A 63-year-old female visited our department, complaining of miction pain. She had several episodes of urinary occult blood. Urinalysis included a small number of red cells, white cells and bacilli. Physical examination revealed a fist-sized mass of her right flank. Cystoscopic examination showed a botryoid tumor with multiple erythematous raised plaques. Biopsy was reported as massive infiltration of eosinophiles in submucosal layer of the bladder, i.e. eosinophilic cystitis. Antibiotics were effective for the improvement of urine findings and symptoms within a week. IVP and CT revealed the abdominal mass as a retroperitoneal tumor with cystic degeneration, and the tumor was resected. Pathological diagnosis was benign neurinoma. Both eosinophilic cystitis and retroperitoneal neurinoma are rare, and the concurrent occurrence of these two diseases has not been reported. Recent studies have suggested that eosinophilic cystitis may occur more frequently than suspected, and may be overlooked clinically and microscopically. This uncommon form of cystitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis especially when the patient has unexplained episodes of bladder symptoms and hematuria.

Cystitis↗

PubMed1984

[Histological study of cases of bladder cancer and chronic cystitis with difficulty in cystoscopic diagnosis].

Twenty-seven cases in which cancer could not be distinguished from chronic cystitis were reviewed. These cases were divided into those with and those without a past history of bladder tumor. The high frequency of hyperplasia in the group with a history of bladder tumor suggested that hyperplasia may be a precursor of papillary tumor. On the other hand, proliferative lesions such as cystitis cystica and metaplasia were encountered in the group with no history of bladder tumor and 50 percent had symptoms of chronic cystitis. These findings suggested that proliferative lesions in the bladder developed by inflammatory irritation. Urinary cytology was done in 18 cases. Cytology was positive in 2 of the 3 cases of transitional cell carcinoma. Therefore, urinary cytology was useful, but it did not provide distinction in two cases of follicular cystitis and a case of squamous metaplasia was false positive.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Eosinophilic cystitis: a report of 2 cases].

Two patients with eosinophilic cystitis are presented in this report. The first case was a 39-year-old man who was admitted to our clinic with complaints of pollakisuria, pain on urination and hematuria for a month, which had not been relieved by antibiotic therapy. He had both a family and a personal past history of allergy. Excretory urograms showed a mild bilateral hydroureter and small bladder with irregular filling defects. Cystoscopic examination revealed velvety, ulcerated areas in the bladder mucosa, and we diagnosed these changes as eosinophilic cystitis after bladder biopsy. Steroid and antihistaminic therapy improved these symptoms. The second case was a 67-year-old woman who visited our clinic complaining chiefly of hematuria for 2 months. There was no predisposition to allergy, but she had a past history of uterine cancer which had been treated with irradiation. Cystoscopic examination disclosed a large amount of intravesical coagula, and erythematous and edematous areas with petechiae of the bladder mucosa. Bladder biopsy revealed hemangioma and eosinophilic cystitis. There was no recurrence of cystitis after the removal of the coagula without any other treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Cystitis during pregnancy: a distinct clinical entity.

Acute cystitis during pregnancy is a distinct clinical entity characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms, the absence of systemic symptoms, and a positive urine culture. Over a 6-year period there were 9734 deliveries at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center and 126 patients with acute cystitis, for an incidence of 1.3%. The majority of cystitis patients had a negative initial screening urine culture, and most cases of bladder infection occurred in the second trimester. The most common bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli. Only 17% of cystitis patients had a recurrence of urinary tract infection. All women were treated as outpatients with oral antimicrobial agents.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1982

[Alkaline-urine incrusted cystitis. Clinical aspects and treatment].

The authors report 2 cases of a condition often overlooked by the urologist: incrusted cystitis. It shows up clinically with severe urinary troubles and bladder calcifications. In fact the main finding is calcified plaques in the mucosa causing an inflammatory reaction and mimicking a tumor. Histologic examination of endoscopic biopsies rules out tumor and reveals a calcified necrotic mucosa. A high degree of alkalinity of the urine makes the diagnosis of incrusted cystitis after ruling out tuberculosis and bilharziasis. Acidifying the urine clears up the trouble and brings the bladder mucosa back to normal. According to the literature, 3 factors are necessary for the development of incrusted cystitis: a ureolytic microbe capable of releasing ammonia, alkalinity of the urine resulting from this, and a bladder with lesions of cystitis whatever might be the cause. A number of diagnostic errors are possible, but the most serious one is mistaking it for a calcified malignant tumor of the bladder. For this a biopsy is essential to prove the absence of a tumor. The treatment consists of 3 stages: excision of the calcified plaques (mostly by endoscopy), sterilization of the urine (nalidixic acid would be the best agent) and acidification of the urine.

Aged↗

PubMed1981

[Chronic cystitis in a child (author's transl)].

The authors report an unusual case of pseudo-tumoral cystitis in a young boy also suffering on the same side from a purulent arthritis of the hip with an abscess pointing towards the pelvis and treated by iliac drainage. In contrast to other published cases, it was neither a cystic cystitis nor a glandular cystitis, but a chronic bullous cystitis without any specificity. Prolonged antibiotic treatment achieved the desired aim at the same time as all symptoms and signs of the arthritis of the hip disappeared.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

Discrimination between the ulcerous and the nonulcerous forms of interstitial cystitis by noninvasive findings.

PURPOSE: We determined whether the classification of interstitial cystitis cases into ulcer and nonulcer categories from cystoscopic findings could be corroborated with epidemiological data relating to demographics, risk factors, symptoms, pain and psychosocial factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We surveyed 565 interstitial cystitis patients (111 with and 454 without ulcer), and from univariate analyses we found 10 noninvasive variables to be significantly associated with the presence of Hunner's ulcers. The 3 multivariate statistical methodologies of discriminant analysis, logistic regression and recursive partitioning were used to classify ulcer versus nonulcer cases from these variables. The retrospective and prospective performances from each methodology were also analyzed. RESULTS: Retrospectively, resubstitution error rates of all 3 methodologies were small, with overall misclassification rates of 19.1% with linear discriminant, 14.7% with logistic regression and 8.0% with recursive partitioning. Prospectively, the overall misclassification rates increased slightly to 20.0% with linear discriminant, 15.8% with logistic regression, and 15.9% with recursive partitioning. CONCLUSIONS: The classification of interstitial cystitis into distinct categories of Hunner's ulcer (classic interstitial cystitis) and nonulcer based on cystoscopic findings can be corroborated with epidemiological evidence. The 2 categories may represent different manifestations of the underlying disease pathophysiology.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Pseudo-tumoral cystitis due to Toxoplasma in an patient with AIDS].

The authors report a case of cystitis due to Toxoplasma Gondii infection in a patient suffering from AIDS. Initial symptoms consisted of dysuria, extreme frequency and urgent micturition responsible for pseudo urinary incontinence. Urine culture was sterile. Pelvic computed tomography and pelvic MRI demonstrated thickening of the bladder wall and seminal vesicles. Cystoscopy confirmed the presence of an intravesical proliferation with a pseudoneoplastic appearance. The diagnosis of Toxoplasma cystitis was confirmed by the discovery of Toxoplasma cysts on histological examination of bladder biopsies. Toxoplasma cystitis is a rare cause of pseudoneoplastic bullous cystitis in HIV-seropositive patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1993

[Study on infectious mechanism of type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli in experimental cystitis of mice].

The course of experimental cystitis in mice with Escherichia coli was studied by electron microscopy. The inoculated E. coli did not adhere to the intact bladder epithelium. However, when the mouse bladder was treated with trypsin, superficial cells were exfoliated, and the inoculated type 1 fimbriated E. coli adhered to the exposed intermediate cells and caused cystitis. The nonfimbriated E. coli showing no adherence to the superficial cells or intermediate cells and failed to cause cystitis. The present study demonstrated that the type 1 fimbriated E. coli play a role in causing cystitis, and the bladder superficial cells play a role in resisting the adherence of E. coli. The removal of superficial cells is essential for the adhesion and colonization of type 1 fimbriated E. coli onto the bladder epithelium in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Management of severe hemorrhagic cystitis in pregnancy. A report of two cases.

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis (AHC) is gross hematuria and symptoms of cystitis. Usually a self-limiting entity, it is found mainly in children and cancer patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation. In a small number of patients, AHC can be severe and require aggressive management. We present two cases of severe acute hemorrhagic cystitis in pregnant women that led to hemorrhage, resistance to antibiotic therapy and premature labor. Continuous bladder irrigation with normal saline was attempted with success in stopping the hematuria and arresting the premature labor. Severe hemorrhagic cystitis in pregnancy may require aggressive management when associated with a significant blood loss and preterm labor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Effect of interstitial cystitis on drug absorption from urinary bladder.

Our laboratory reported previously the in vivo absorption of salicylate and antipyrine from the urinary bladder of healthy rats. The present study extends these findings to examine the effect of interstitial cystitis on bladder permeability to drugs by comparing the bladder absorption of salicylate in healthy cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC). Interstitial cystitis is a lower urinary tract disease and may involve inflammation of the bladder. A 25-mg/kg dose of sodium salicylate was instilled into the bladder and a 6-micrograms/kg i.v. dose of [14C]salicylic acid was administered concomitantly to determine systemic clearance in individual animals. In healthy and FIC cats, the clearance was 0.3 and 0.1 ml.min-1.kg-1, and the bioavailability of the intravesical dose was about 1 and 9%, respectively. The apparent bladder absorption rate constant and the peak plasma concentration in FIC cats were 7 to 8 times that in healthy cats. These data indicate a significantly higher bladder permeability to salicylate due to interstitial cystitis. In order to elucidate the cause of the lower clearance in FIC cats, a second study compared the disposition of a 2-mg/kg i.v. dose of salicylate in healthy and FIC cats. It was found that the lower salicylate clearance in FIC cats was due in part to a decreased metabolism in the disease state and also involved slower drug elimination at the higher plasma concentrations secondary to the more extensive absorption of the intravesical dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗

PubMed1993

[Cystitis cystica--a premalignant condition?].

Although cystitis cystica is considered to be a premalignant disease of the urinary bladder, remarkably few reports document the progression from cystitis cystica and glandularis to carcinoma of the bladder. We describe three patients where cystitis cystica was demonstrated 12, three and one month before diagnosis of cancer. We believe cystitis cystica reflects mobilization of the humoral immune defence mechanism in response to various agents, among these a subclinical malignant tumour.

Aged↗