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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Late-onset post-concussion symptoms after mild brain injury: the role of premorbid, injury-related, environmental, and personality factors.

The present study investigated the possible role of a number of pre- peri-, and post-traumatic factors in the experience of post-concussion syndrome (PCS). These factors included: (1) history of premorbid risk factors, (2) severity of injury, and (3) post-morbid functioning and environmental factors. Subjects were 55 persons with mild brain injury. PCS was defined in terms of the severity and impact of 'late-onset' symptoms. Pre- and peri-traumatic factors were not associated with level of PCS symptom impact. Among post-traumatic factors, only level of psychological distress was strongly associated with impact level. The results suggest the importance of psychological factors in prolonged PCS.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trigeminal and auditory evoked responses in minor head injuries and post-concussion syndrome.

Forty patients who sustained minor head trauma were investigated by brainstem trigeminal and auditory evoked potentials (BTEP, BAEP) and middle-latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP). The patients were evaluated within the first 48 h following their admission and at 3 months after the injury. Outcome was scored at the follow-up examination according to six complaints: failure to resume previous professional activity, headache, memory disorders, dizziness and vertigo, behavioural and emotional disturbances, and other symptoms of a neurological nature. Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) was defined by the presence of four or more of the listed features. All three evoked potential modalities showed significantly increased latencies at the initial assessment, disclosing disseminated axonal damage. Unlike the BTEPs and the BAEPs, the MLAEPs proved to correlate to outcome at 3 months, especially in its psychocognitive aspects. These findings suggest that organic diencephalic-paraventricular primary damage may account for the occurrence of PCS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effects of naloxone on systemic and cerebral responses to experimental concussive brain injury in cats.

This study examined the effects of bolus injections of naloxone hydrochloride, a specific narcotic antagonist, on systemic cardiovascular function, intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures, blood gas status, and cortical encephalograms (EEG's) in 38 cats after two different grades of experimental brain injury. Naloxone had no prolonged effects on uninjured control animals. However, as compared to a saline-injected control group, naloxone significantly reversed the hypotension and reduction in pulse pressure seen after higher grades of injury. These changes persisted for at least 60 minutes after injection and were accompanied by increased intracranial and perfusion pressures. More severely injured hypotensive cats injected with naloxone also had higher values of arterial pO2 and pH, lower pCO2, as well as higher EEG amplitudes. In less severely injured normotensive cats, naloxone produced greater effects on cardiovascular variables and intracranial pressure when injected 15 minutes rather than 45 minutes after injury. These data suggest that endogenous opiates may contribute to some instances of hypotension seen after concussive brain injury. Levels of endogenous opiates may also increase transiently even with lesser degrees of injury not associated with hypotension. The possible clinical application of narcotic antagonists to the treatment of head injury is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The physiological basis of concussion: 50 years later.

In this brief narrative, the author compares what is known today about the physiological basis of concussion with the results of studies described 50 years ago in the Journal of Neurosurgery. The author was a member of the team that originally reported these findings in the first volume of the Journal of Neurosurgery.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed1999

Assessment and management of concussion in sports.

The most common head injury in sports is concussion. Athletes who sustain a prolonged loss of consciousness should be transported immediately to a hospital for further evaluation. Assessment of less severe injuries should include a thorough neurologic examination. The duration of symptoms and the presence or absence of post-traumatic amnesia and loss of consciousness should be noted. To avoid premature return to play, a good understanding of the possible hazards is important. Potential hazards of premature return to play include the possibility of death from second-impact syndrome, permanent neurologic impairment from cumulative trauma, and the postconcussion syndrome.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of the enzymes of cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in patients with the concussion syndrome].

The activity of LDG, ACE and CE was determined in the lumbar CSF and blood serum of patients with sustained mild concussion of the brain. As compared to healthy persons the diseased demonstrated a significant rise of the LDG activity in the CSF while the mounting activity of 2 other enzymes, observed in individual instances in the CSF, lacked statistical significance. It was found that in functional upsets without any marked morphological lesions there may be encountered changes in the enzymatic activity that should be considered as a consequence of deranged metabolism.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2001

Delayed diffuse neurodegeneration after cerebral concussion.

A 27-month-old girl developed severe diffuse neurological disability that was progressive between 2 weeks and 2 years after a closed head injury. After stabilization of her disability for 1 year, mild improvement in neurological function began in the third year after the concussion. Multiple imaging studies of the neural axis remained normal during a 5-year period after the initial injury. Delayed and diffuse trauma-induced neuronal apoptosis is a pathogenic mechanism that could explain this unusual neurodegenerative syndrome.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1997

[Concussion and contusion of the brain].

A summary of the presentation, diagnosis and therapy of head injury is given. The article is focussed on mild head injury, the most frequent type of head injury. The difference between concussion and contusion is explained. Symptoms and abnormalities found at neurological examination are discussed. The Glasgow Coma Scale is described as a tool to diagnose the severity of head injury. The value of additional radiological investigation is discussed. The therapy which depends on the severity of head injury and concomitant complications, is given. Information about eventual persisting complaints and deficits is important. After-care depends on the severity of the injury and the persistence of neurological signs and symptoms. Outcome measurement is done by the Glasgow Outcome Scale. It is emphasized that patients may exhibit persistent complaints although they return to work or school.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of histochemical parameters of erythrocyte catalase activity for diagnosing mild concussion and contusion of the brain].

A total of 227 primary and repeated forensic medical expert conclusions in victims with slight craniocerebral injuries (CCI) are analyzed. Erythrocyte catalase (CTer) activity was analyzed on the basis of the results of computer quantitative morphometry of histochemical analysis of blood smears from 50 victims with slight CCI. CTer activity correlated with the severity of CCI. A new objective method for histochemical diagnosis of slight concussion and contusion of the brain is suggested, which rules out errors in forensic medical expert evaluations in examinations of this category of victims.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed2003

[Cerebral concussion].

The author analyzes a group of casualties with concussion of the brain hospitalized in 1997-2001 in the Traumatological Hospital in Brno. From the discussion ensue some questions and suggestions--the role of the neurologist in assessment of the diagnosis, indications for CT examination, referring patients to hospital, care of patients with concurrent intoxications, discharge on patient's own wish.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical manifestation and outcomes of concussion of the brain: comparison of the results in patients admitted to hospital and in those who have refused admission].

The clinical manifestations and outcomes of concussion of the brain (CB) were comparatively analyzed in two groups of victims with acute brain injury (BI): those who had admitted to hospital and in those who had refused admission. A total of 355 individuals aged 16-35 years without concomitant somatic and neurological diseases were examined. The follow-up lasted 1 year. Clinical and neurological studies, computed tomography, and MR-imaging were used. In the acute period, the regression of neurological symptomatology and the better status of health were noted in the victims of both groups almost at the same time (on days 4-6 after injury). The psychovegetative syndrome was the basis of neurological disorders in the victims from both groups in the posttraumatic period. The follow-up has provided evidence for nearly equal numbers of victims with CB in both groups 1 year after BI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Hemostasis and lipid peroxidation in the therapy of brain concussion at exacerbation].

130 patients with brain concussion (BC) and 30 virtually healthy subjects, aged 16 to 50, were examined for the purpose of studying the influence exerted by different drugs affecting blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection at exacerbation. Changes of hemostasis in BC were shown to be of the adaptation nature and to depend essentially on a conducted treatment. Normalized plasma components in the hemostasis system were registered in groups receiving cavinton. The drug, when used, reduced the LPO intensity and intensified the activity of dismutase superoxide on days 9-12 after trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Oxiracetam treatment of exogenous post-concussion syndrome. Statistical evaluation of results].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical use of a GABOB by-product in the treatment of exogenous post-concussion syndrome. Thirty-six patients affected by this syndrome were included in the study and divided into two groups. Patients in the first group were treated with the drug, while patients in the second group were not treated. Variations in the average time taken for symptoms to disappear in both groups showed a statistically significant difference in favour of the drug-treated group of patients. Following an analysis of the results it was possible to affirm that the drug had a statistically significant effect in patients affected by medium-severe symptomatology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrastructural analysis of changes in the synapses in the rabbit brain after experimental concussion of the brain].

The authors discuss the results of electron-microscopic study of the synaptic contacts in the brain of rabbits during 4 months after experimental brain concussion. A complex of ultrastructural changes of the cerebral synaptic apparatus with a characteristic dynamics of development in time and space is described, and its peculiarities and features distinguishing it from other types of pathology as well as its role in the pathogenesis of craniocerebral injury are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Roentgenologic diagnosis of cerebral concussion].

The article presents the findings of computer-aided tomography in 6 patients with brain concussion. In 27% of the cases the symptom-complex was accompanied by the development of brain plethora or hydrocephalus which was reflected in changes in the cerebral and densitometry characteristics. The objective nature of such changes was confirmed by the factorial analysis of the computer-aided tomographic and clinical symptoms as well as the presence of correlation between them. The authors has devised a linear regression model of the expected mean roentgen density of the white matter with regard to the degree of its atrophy. It has been shown that computer-aided tomography provides the possibility of identifying the pathological changes that develop following a mild craniocerebral injury and of predicting the outcome of their pathogenetic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Experimental concussion. Ultrastructural and biochemical correlates.

Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations were studied in the brainstem reticular formation of animals in which transient coma had been induced by controlled blows to the head. After a period of 7-10 days, animals that did not show obvious injury were artificially respired and sacrificed by perfusion with buffered formalin and glutaraldehyde. Histochemistry and light microscopy revealed chromatolysis of 10-15% of the neurons of pertinent segments of the nucleus giganto cellularis. There was much PAS-positive, diastase-sensitive material in the associated neuropil. Electron miscroscopy of the region confirmed the polysaccharide accumulation in dendrites, presynaptic boutons and preterminal axons. Similar material was found in some astrocytes. A longitudinal microchemical investigation with suitable controls of glycogen concentration in the brainstem demonstrated peak values at 5-7 days after concussion. No significant change in phosphorylase activity was demonstrated. The significance of glycogen accumulation in postconcussive injury and possible mechanisms for its accumulation in relation to changes in electrolyte balance and alterations in Kreb's cycle intermediates are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Psychological structure of posttraumatic syndromes in children suffering cerebral concussions].

Clinical-psychologic examination of 132 pupils aged 7-14 years with a history of brain concussion disclosed the following clinical syndromes: cerebrasthenia in 55 children (41.7%), hypertensive-hydrocephalus syndrome in 44 (33.3%), epileptiform syndrome in 8 children (6%); 25 children (19%) presented a state of clinical compensation. Using neuropsychologic procedures characteristics of major psychic processes were studied. The overwhelming majority of the children studied exhibited mnemonic (59.8%), concentration (71.9%) or intellectual (83.3%) disorders. These impairments affect these children's ability to adapt to their environmental conditions and call for the development of appropriate rehabilitation measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical features of cerebral concussion in childhood].

A total of 334 children aged 8 months to 14 years with a history of cerebral concussions were examined. The clinical symptomatology of the acute period was revealed to be dependent on the age and the premorbid state of the child, especially on prenatal and intranatal pathology. Electroencephalographic, ultrasonic and biochemical (concentration of 17-ketosteroids in diurnal urine) findings are taken into consideration in the diagnosis and expert medical evaluation of the patients' status as well as in the determination of the treatment procedures. To prevent post-trauma complications, an adequate period of hospitalization is primarily essential, to be followed later by such conditions as the sparing regime, treatment at rehabilitation health resorts and long-term outpatient follow up.

17-Ketosteroids↗