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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Does group discussion of student clerkship performance at an education committee affect an individual committee member's decisions?

BACKGROUND: To determine whether deliberation as part of a group affects an individual's decisions for grading and remediation of marginal students. METHOD: In academic year 2001-02, members of a Department of Medical Education Committee prospectively completed pre- and postdiscussion surveys about their decision-making processes for third-year internal medicine clerkship students presented for marginal performance. Postdiscussion written comments were analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: A total of 23 (14%) students were discussed, resulting in 297 individual committee member decisions (3,090 educator-minutes). A total of 76 of 297 (25%) decisions were altered following committee deliberations, changing the grade and/or remediation for nine students. Only seven of 76 (9%) changes were anticipated. Qualitative analysis revealed four underlying themes for changing: influence of members; data provided; clarification of process; and factors outside the clerkship. CONCLUSIONS: Group discussion influenced individual committee members' decisions for one-quarter of marginal students. The committee process allowed for clarification of the record, faculty development, and full discussion of student performance.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Demystify nursing research.

Promote staff involvement in studies, presentations, article publishing, and changes in practice.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The burn nursing shortage: a burn center survey.

The Membership Advisory Committee of the American Burn Association sponsored a survey of burn units in North America to review the issue of nursing staffing, to which 124 of 133 (93%) of the burn centers identified responded. Sixty-two percent had experienced a nursing shortage, and the 77 of 124 units with current vacancies had an average of 4.6 positions open. Licensed practical nurses, aides, and nonlicensed caregivers provide direct patient care in 83% of the units. Ten of 124 units had identified adverse patient outcomes because of staff shortages in their quality assurance programs. Areas identified by two surveys that require further development are nursing acuity systems applicable to burn units and burn nursing educational programs.

Burn Units↗
PubMed2006

The required research rotation in residency: the University of Pennsylvania experience, 1978-1993.

The University of Pennsylvania orthopaedic surgery residency program under the direction of Dr. Carl T. Brighton was uniquely structured to require a year of research as part of a 5-year program. This requirement was instituted to foster critical thinking, and not necessarily to produce academic orthopaedic surgeons. Nonetheless, measures of academic productivity of the 127 residents who trained under Dr. Brighton's leadership may be instructive. The purpose of this study was to assess metrics of academic productivity. In addition, the six current and former chairmen of orthopaedic surgery programs who performed research while residents at the University of Pennsylvania were surveyed for their impressions regarding required research rotations. Fifty-nine percent of the University of Pennsylvania residents took faculty positions after training; 75% published a peer-reviewed paper after residency; and 17% are current members of the American Orthopaedic Association. Overall, the chairmen surveyed found great value in their own resident research experience, but none have replicated the Brighton model of residency organization. Only two of the six programs have a research year: at both, this research rotation is in addition to the standard 5 years of clinical education and only at one are all residents required to participate.

Authorship↗
PubMed2002

Labour-management forums and workplace performance. Evidence from union officials in health care organizations.

Many health care workplaces are adopting more cooperative labour-management relations, spurred in part by sweeping changes in the economic environment that have occurred over the last decade. Labour-management cooperation is seen as essential if health care organizations are to achieve their valued performance objectives. Joint labour-management committees (LMCs) have been adopted in many health care workplaces as a means of achieving better industrial relations. Using data from a sample of Canadian union leaders in the health care sector, this paper examines the impact of labour-management forums and labour climate on employee and organizational outcomes. Research results suggest that labour climate is less important in predicting workplace performance (and change in workplace performance) than is the number of LMCs in operation. However, labour climate is found to be at least as important in predicting union member satisfaction (and change in member satisfaction) as is the wide adoption of LMCs in operation. These findings are consistent with the notion that the greater use of LMCs is associated with augmented workplace performance (and a positive change in workplace performance), notwithstanding the contribution of the labour climate in the workplace.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Wait and see.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2005

Australian national strategy for pharmacy preceptor education and support.

OBJECTIVES: (i) To develop a national strategy for pharmacy preceptor education and support, with special consideration for rural and remote practitioners. (ii) To deliver an innovative national core pharmacist preceptor education and support model that could be customised for specific undergraduate programs. DESIGN: A steering committee, with representatives from four Pharmacy Schools in three Australian states, was established to develop an educational curriculum and implementation strategy. SETTING: The project was designed to provide an online educational program for preceptors of Australian pharmacy students, particularly those in rural areas. SUBJECTS: The recipients of this program will primarily be rural pharmacy preceptors but could also be urban practitioners. INTERVENTIONS: After consultation with an advisory group, the steering committee considered the educational content, delivery strategy and adaptability of the package to maintain its currency and links to universities, pharmacy boards and professional organisations: an extensive literature search was conducted; writers and an educational designer were employed. The steering committee reviewed and modified the content before transfer of the program to the worldwide web. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The development of a Pharmacy Preceptor Education Program suitable for national application and able to fulfil the needs of rural preceptors. RESULTS: A Preceptor Education Program has been developed suitable for use in all Australian states and capable of meeting the needs of rural pharmacy preceptors. CONCLUSIONS: Collaboration between four schools of pharmacy and pharmacy professional bodies has resulted in development of a flexible program for preceptors of undergraduate pharmacy students. This program can be developed for use by preceptors of pharmacy graduates, and in other disciplines.

Australia↗
PubMed2006

Diversity and deliberation: bioethics commissions and moral reasoning.

This article considers the sort of diversity in perspective appropriate for a presidential commission on bioethics, and by implication, high-level governmental commissions on ethics more generally. It takes as its point of comparison the respective reports on human cloning produced by the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, appointed by President Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush's President's Council on Bioethics, under the leadership of its original chair, Leon Kass. I argue that the Clinton Commission Report exemplifies forensic diversity (the type of diversity between contesting parties in a legal case), while the Kass Council Report exemplifies academic diversity (the diversity found in a medieval disputatio). Drawing upon Thomas Aquinas, I argue that the type of diversity most appropriate for such advisory bodies is deliberative diversity, which facilitates the President's process of taking counsel. After considering their respective charges, I suggest that neither the Clinton Commission nor the Kass Council possessed an adequate degree of deliberative diversity for their respective tasks.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2006

Impacts of participating in confidential enquiry panels: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the impacts of participating in confidential enquiry panels for the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy. DESIGN: Qualitative interview study. SETTING: The former northern health region of England. SAMPLE: Eighteen health professionals who had participated in at least one confidential enquiry panel. METHODS: Semistructured one-to-one interviews using purposive sampling; transcripts were analysed by identifying recurring themes. Data were organised and coded using NUD*IST. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Views on the impacts of participation on clinical practice and views on the strengths and limitations of confidential enquiries. RESULTS: Participants valued attendance at panels as a learning experience that provoked reflection on their own clinical practice. Participants felt that taking part had a positive impact on their clinical thinking and practice by increasing their awareness of standards of care. These impacts occurred through both the detailed examination of cases and the interaction with colleagues from different disciplines and hospitals. Learning impacts were cascaded to colleagues through informal discussion and teaching. Concrete examples of changes in practice at the organisational level, stimulated by panel attendance, were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The confidential enquiry approach was supported not only as an effective way of assessing care but also as a valuable learning experience that motivated change in clinical practice. Local benefits of nationally coordinated confidential enquiries should be valued and supported in their future development. Wide multidisciplinary participation in enquiry panels coordinated through regional clinical networks should be promoted.

Committee Membership↗