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Results for “Child Behavior Disorders”

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PubMed1963

[ON HOSPITALISM].

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Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Lack of association between behavioral inhibition and psychosocial adversity factors in children at risk for anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE: In a previous controlled study of offspring at risk for anxiety disorders, the authors found that parental panic disorder with comorbid major depression was associated with child behavioral inhibition, the temperamental tendency to be quiet and restrained in unfamiliar situations. To explore whether this association was mediated by environmental factors, the authors examined associations between psychosocial adversity variables and behavioral inhibition in this group of children. METHOD: Subjects included 200 offspring of parents with panic disorder and/or major depression and 84 comparison children of parents without mood or anxiety disorders. Behavioral inhibition was assessed through laboratory observations. The associations between behavioral inhibition and the following psychosocial factors were examined: socioeconomic status; an index of adversity factors found in previous studies to be additively associated with child psychopathology; family intactness, conflict, expressiveness, and cohesiveness; exposure to parental psychopathology; sibship size; birth order; and gender. RESULTS: The results showed no associations between behavioral inhibition and any of the psychosocial factors in the study group as a whole, despite adequate power to detect medium effect sizes. Among low-risk comparison children only, some definitions of behavioral inhibition were associated with low socioeconomic status, low family cohesion, and female gender. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the psychosocial adversity factors examined in this study do not explain the previous finding that offspring of parents with panic disorder are at high risk for behavioral inhibition.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1996

DSM-IV and disorders of childhood and adolescence: can structural criteria be functional?

The structural, descriptive basis of the diagnostic categories outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is contrasted to a system of functional analysis, with regard to (a) clinical diagnosis, (b) target behavior identification, (c) treatment design, (d) treatment evaluation, and (e) clinical research. It is noted that structural classification is a useful starting point for these activities but that functional analysis has greater utility for target behavior identification and treatment design by giving consideration to antecedent and consequent events, skills repertoires, response interrelations, and support systems. Examples of melding structural classification and functional analytic systems are provided with reference to certain childhood disorders: mental retardation, disruptive behavior disorders, and anxiety disorders. Recommendations are made for an elaboration of the DSM axes to include (a) psychosocial and environmental resources and deficits, and (b) idiographic case analysis. It is suggested that these axes will assist in systematizing functional analysis and making it more accessible to all clinicians and researchers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

MAOA, maltreatment, and gene-environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis.

Previous research on adults has shown that a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene moderates the impact of childhood maltreatment on risk for developing antisocial behavior. Thus far, attempts to replicate this finding have been mixed. The current study (i) presents new data investigating this finding in a sample of 975 seven-year-old boys, and (ii) evaluates the extant data by conducting a meta-analysis of published findings. We replicated the original finding by showing that the MAOA polymorphism moderates the development of psychopathology after exposure to physical abuse, we extended the finding to childhood closer in time to the maltreatment experience, and we ruled-out the possibility of a spurious finding by accounting for passive and evocative gene-environment correlation. Moreover, meta-analysis demonstrated that across studies, the association between maltreatment and mental health problems is significantly stronger in the group of males with the genotype conferring low vs high MAOA activity. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date suggesting that the MAOA gene influences vulnerability to environmental stress, and that this biological process can be initiated early in life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1963

CHILD PSYCHIATRY.

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Behavior therapy in pediatrics].

30-40% of children presented to pediatricians are afflicted with psychophysiological, behavioral and learning disorders. The child behavior therapy is an empirical approach of understanding and treating these complaints. Many tables and examples demonstrate the basics of learning theory as well as behavior therapy methods derived from behavior analysis. The review closes by reporting the hypothetical issues and objects of behavior therapy und its significance for pediatrics. The bibliography refer to recent trends of child behavior therapy.

Behavior Therapy↗