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PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of calcium hydroxide in the treatment of pulpitis by extirpation under analgesia].

The study included 48 cases of pulpitis grade II of one-root teeth in 42 patients of either sex aged 21-35 years treated by pulp extirpation under analgesia with immediate filling of canals. In 28 teeth Biopulp was used as an intercalated substance between the periapical tissues and the material filling the canal. The control group comprised 20 teeth filled only with Endomethasone paste. The observations made immediately after filling and clinical-radiological control examination after from 6 months to 3 years showed a high usefulness of calcium hydroxide. Good results were achieved in 100% of cases while in the control group in 70% of cases.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2000

Effects of calcium hydroxide and transforming [correction of tumor] growth factor-beta on collagen synthesis in subcultures I and V of osteoblasts.

Collagen protein synthesis by osteoblasts is influenced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) and is essential to bone formation. The effectiveness of TGF-beta 1 depends on efficient delivery of the growth factor to target cells, adequate binding to cell surface receptors, and an optimum environment for promotion of collagen synthesis. The effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), TGF-beta 1, and Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 co-administration on total protein, collagen protein, and noncollagen protein synthesis by early (subculture I) and late (subculture V) osteoblast cultures were tested. TGF-beta 1 significantly increased all protein synthesis in subculture I osteoblasts (p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.019). Ca(OH)2/TGF-beta 1 co-administration significantly increased total protein and collagen protein levels in subculture I osteoblasts as well (p = 0.048; p = 0.012). TGF-beta 1 increased total protein and collagen protein synthesis significantly in subculture V cells (p = 0.025; p = 0.01). These data indicate that co-administration of Ca(OH)2 and TGF-beta 1 enhances collagen synthesis by osteoblasts and may have implications for the clinical setting.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis: a pilot study.

An apical dentine sampling technique was applied in order to monitor the bacteriology of the pulp canal and radicular dentine before and during treatment of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. Twenty-three teeth with a radiographic diagnosis of apical periodontitis were studied. They were subjected to a standardized two-appointment treatment regimen of extensive apical reaming in the absence of antimicrobial agents and 1-week dressing with calcium hydroxide. Bacteriological samples were taken from the root canal at the start, and apical dentine samples at the end, of each sitting. Provision was made to allow growth of anaerobic bacteria. All root canals but one showed growth at the start of treatment. Dentine samples were positive in 14 of the 23 teeth at the end of the first appointment. Eight of the 23 canals had detectable growth from the canal at the start of the second appointment, but in sufficient numbers for quantification in only one root canal. The subsequent dentine samples were otherwise negative at the second appointment. There was a tendency for teeth causing symptoms to harbour more bacteria than symptomless teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Solubility of zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide cements in simulated dentinal fluid.

The solubility of four dental cement bases was measured in simulated dentinal fluid and distilled water to evaluate the relevancy of the American Dental Association solubility test for cement bases in contact with vital dentine. A simulated dentinal fluid was formulated utilizing glucose, distilled water, and sterile human plasma. Cement-base samples were immersed in either distilled water or simulated dentinal fluid at 37 degrees C in a shaker water-bath for 1, 2, or 3 months. Weight loss values were compared utilizing a three-way analysis of variance. Zinc oxide-eugenol cements were significantly more soluble in simulated dentinal fluid than distilled water, while the calcium hydroxide cement bases were significantly more soluble in distilled water than simulated dentinal fluid.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1980

Pulpectomy: immediate root canal filling with calcium hydroxide. Concept and procedures.

From the clinical aspect the endodontic treatment is divided into two groups: (1) teeth with pulp vitality (biopulpectomy) and (2) pulpless teeth (necropulpectomy). The authors point out the necessity of knowing the clinical pathologic conditions and the macroscopic aspect of the dental pulp before endodontic treatment. They describe the clinical procedures that must be performed in cases when the tooth presents pulp vitality (biopulpectomy), emphasizing (1) the necessity of a field of operation in an aseptic condition; (2) the necessity of a noninjuring instrumentation; (3) the use of cytophylactic substances and not cytotoxic substances; and (4) the use of a root canal--filling technique that respects the limits of the pulp stump, employing calcium hydroxide, a substance that maintains its vitality and induces and accelerates the apical closure by hard-tissue deposition.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2002

Effect of irrigating solution and calcium hydroxide root canal dressing on the repair of apical and periapical tissues of teeth with periapical lesion.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical and periapical repair after endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis and a chronic periapical lesion in dogs. Seventy-two root canals from four mongrel dogs were submitted to biomechanical preparation, using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate as the irrigating solution. The root canals were subsequently either filled immediately with Sealapex, using active lateral gutta-percha condensation, or a calcium hydroxide root canal dressing was applied for 15 days before filling with Sealapex. After 210 days, the animals were killed by anesthetic overdose, and the obtained histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for optical microscopic analysis of apical and periapical repair. There was better histological repair in the groups with the root canal dressing (p < 0.05) than the groups with immediate obturation. Comparing the immediate obturation groups, irrigation with chlorhexidine solution resulted in better repair than sodium hypochlorite.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunolocalization of fibronectin during reparative dentinogenesis in human teeth after pulp capping with calcium hydroxide.

Exposed dental pulp is known to possess the ability to form a hard-tissue barrier (dentin bridge). The exact mechanisms by which pulp cells differentiate into odontoblasts in this process are unknown. Fibronectin has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in odontoblast differentiation during tooth development. This study tested the hypothesis that fibronectin is involved in the initial stages of replacement odontoblast differentiation and reparative dentin formation. We observed its immunohistochemical localization during dentin bridge formation in human teeth, after pulp was capped with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. One day after the capping, precipitation of crystalline structures was observed at the TEM level in association with cell debris at the interface between the superficial necrotic zone and underlying pulp tissue. This layer of dystrophic calcification showed positive reaction for fibronectin, and pulp cells appeared to be closely associated with this layer, seven to ten days post-operatively. At 14 days, an alignment of cells, some of which were elongated and odontoblast-like, was observed adjacent to the fibronectin-positive irregular matrix. Between the cells, corkscrew fiber-like fluorescence was visible. At 28 days, the irregular fibrous matrix was followed by the formation of tubular dentin-like matrix lined with odontoblast-like cells. Therefore, it would seem that fibronectin associated with the initially formed calcified layer might play a mediating role in the differentiation of pulp cells into odontoblasts during reparative dentinogenesis, after pulp was capped with Ca(OH)2.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of smear layer removal on the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through radicular dentin.

Forty single-rooted teeth were sectioned transversely through the cementoenamel junction and instrumented to a size #50 K-Flex file at the working length by saline irrigation. Each root was placed in a dilution vial containing 10 ml of normal saline, and the pH and Ca2+ levels were recorded after 24 h. The roots in group 1 then received a final irrigation with 20 ml of normal saline. Group 2 received a final irrigation with 10 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid followed by 10 ml of 5.25% NaOCl to remove the smear layer. Group 3 was irrigated in the same manner as group 2, but calcium hydroxide (CH) was placed into the root canal. Group 4 was irrigated with 20 ml of NaOCl, and CH was placed into the root canal. The pH and Ca2+ levels were recorded at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. After 7 days a 3- x 3- x 1-mm external defect was created in the coronal one third of the root surface. The pH and Ca2+ levels were subsequently recorded at 1, 3, and 7 days. Groups 3 and 4 demonstrated significantly higher H+ and Ca2+ levels than did groups 1 and 2 three days after CH placement and at all subsequent intervals. Group 3 demonstrated significantly higher H+ and Ca2+ readings at some but not all intervals. The results demonstrated that CH diffuses from the root canal to the exterior surface of the root and that the removal of the smear layer may facilitate this diffusion.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

The inactivation of viruses in cattle and pig slurry by aeration or treatment with calcium hydroxide.

Porcine enterovirus type 2 or porcine adenovirus type 3 were seeded into samples of pig slurry, and a bovine enterovirus was seeded into cattle slurry, and samples of the slurry were aerated in the laboratory for 21 days. The viruses were inactivated more rapidly in the aerated slurry than in control slurry which was not aerated. The difference in inactivation rate was greatest for the porcine adenovirus and least for the bovine enterovirus. Inactivation of the porcine enterovirus in aerated distilled water and in aerated, autoclaved pig slurry proceeded at a similar rate as in the same materials which were not aerated. Ten samples of aerated slurry were collected from an aeration tank which received weekly additions of raw pig slurry which was sampled at the same times. Each sample yielded a porcine enterovirus after concentration with the polyelectrolyte PE-60, but in three comparative titrations the viral infectivity titre in concentrates of the raw slurry was at least 1000 times greater than in the aerated slurry. Porcine enterovirus type 2 and porcine adenovirus type 3, which were seeded into pig slurry, and a bovine enterovirus seeded into cattle slurry, were inactivated by treatment of the slurry with calcium hydroxide at pH 11.5. The inactivation rate was highest for the bovine enterovirus and lowest for the porcine adenovirus.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2005

Study of calcium hydroxide apexification in 26 young permanent incisors.

This study was carried out in order to observe the effectiveness of apexification in young permanent incisors. The sample comprised 26 young permanent incisors with necrotic pulp and open apices. The time taken to obtain apical closure, its form and size were analysed in order to find out if closure was influenced by existing pathology or size of apex. The treated teeth were compared with their corresponding contralateral teeth. The test of McNemar and anova was used and a result of P = 0.05 was considered significant. Teeth with pretreatment apical shapes that were convergent or parallel all resulted in physiological apical shapes after treatment. Eight teeth had divergent apical shapes before treatment. Of these, one had a physiological shape, five ended with rounded apices and two teeth had straight apices post-treatment. Apical closure was obtained in 100% of the cases studied, of these 88.4% needed three to four sessions of calcium hydroxide treatment (an average of 3.23 sessions) in order to obtain apical closure, the average time employed was 12.19 months. Clinical symptoms resolved in all teeth that presented with symptoms. Preoperative symptoms did not affect outcome. Pathology of the tooth before treatment does not influence the time needed to obtain apical closure.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Influence of calcium hydroxide root-canal sealer on microbial growth in vitro.

The calcium hydroxide-based filling material Apexit, which is often used in endodontic practice, was evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal effects against microorganisms isolated from oral cavity (Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas putida, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans). Two different quantitative techniques were employed--the direct-contact test was used to examine the efficacy of freshly mixed material while the broth-survival test was employed to check the antimicrobial properties of 5-d-old material. Apexit inhibited Gram-negative bacteria more effectively than Gram-positive ones but had none or a very weak inhibitory effect on C. albicans.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Histological evaluation of therapy using a calcium hydroxide dressing for teeth with incompletely formed apices and periapical lesions.

Periapical tissue response was evaluated histologically in teeth of 6-month-old dogs with incomplete root formation and periapical lesions in order to compare the effects of two calcium hydroxide-containing pastes prepared with different vehicles on induced root apex formation and repair of the periapical region. A group of teeth with no root canal dressing was used as control. After induction of the periapical lesion, the root canals were instrumented and filled with one of the two pastes (Calen and Calasept), which were renewed monthly for 90 days. At the end of the follow-up period (3 months), the animals were killed. Block sections from the actual areas were dissected free and prepared for histopathological analysis. Both calcium hydroxide pastes helped induce apical sealing and repair of the region, but the Calen paste yielded better results than Calasept. The induced mineralized tissue was predominantly of the cementoid type after the use of both pastes, but the inflammatory infiltrate was significantly less intense with the use of the Calen paste. In the control group, the absence of a root canal dressing impaired the process of periapical repair and yielded no apical root closure in any of the cases analyzed.

Animals↗