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PubMed2005

Internet-based health promotion and disease control in the 8 cities: successes, barriers, and future plans.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed description of Internet-based sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus prevention in the 8 US cities most affected by syphilis in men who have sex with men. GOAL: By reviewing the efforts under way in these 8 cities, we will understand the barriers and facilitators associated with Internet-based prevention efforts. STUDY: This is a review of Internet activities taking place in 8 major US cities. RESULTS: Efforts in the 8 cities vary, with some cities reporting little or no Internet-based prevention activities. Other cities have attempted banner advertising, online outreach, online partner notification, online laboratory slips for syphilis testing, and auditorium-style chat sessions. CONCLUSION: Though a number of policy-related barriers prevent some cities from engaging in Internet-based prevention, these activities are clearly important to the overall prevention effort. In order to surmount local policy barriers, it is essential to obtain evaluation data from the programs initiated.

Cities↗
PubMed2005

A critical analysis of earthquakes and urban planning in Turkey.

The land use plans and policies of developed countries that live with the threat of earthquakes are gaining importance in reducing or eliminating the long-term threat to people and property. In developing countries, however, these plans and policies seem to increase the level of vulnerability. This paper examines the effects of the earthquakes that have occurred in Turkey since 1992, with a particular focus on urbanisation and planning policies. It is based on extensive surveys carried out on location immediately after the earthquakes in Erzincan and Kocaeli-Gölcük in 1992 and 1999, respectively. The analysis takes into account several factors, including the height of buildings, geological conditions and the construction period. The authors conclude that land use planning can serve as a very useful instrument for mitigating the extent of disaster damage if it is part of an appropriate planning system. In the case of Turkey, the planning system needs to be reorganised for this purpose.

City Planning↗
PubMed2006

[Responses of regional ecological service value to land use change: A case study of Shapingba County in Chongqing].

Land use has significant effects on the products and services provided by ecosystem, through its interaction with ecosystem processes and services. Taking Shapingba County in Chongqing as an example, and by the Costanza method and ecological sensitivity analysis, this paper analyzed the effects of land use change on ecological service value. The results indicated that from 1992 to 2002, the ecological service value of this County was from dollar 1.74 x 10(7) to dollar 16.8 x 10(7), i. e. , dollar 0.54 x 10(5) was lost. Accordingly, each hectare land suffered an average loss of dollar 13.62. The ecological service value coefficient assigned to different categories of land use had little effects on the total ecological service value, and the total change of ecological service value was inelastic. The summation of the ecological service value coefficients assigned to cultivated land, forestland and garden land was very close to regional actualities. But, the ecological service value coefficient assigned to the waters was higher than the actual value, while rectifying 30 percent of the previous coefficient by 5 667 dollar x hm(-2) x yr(-1) would be very close to the actual one. Applying Costanza method to estimate the change of regional ecological service value was practicable, and would make a reference for the evaluation of land use benefits and the organization of land use planning.

China↗
PubMed1975

The planning and development of the New York City neighborhood family care centers.

Between 1967 and 1969 the New York City capital budget listed monies for the planning and construction of 15 new ambulatory care centers to provide comprehensive medical care to medically underserved areas of the city. Because of the urgent need, an effort was made in planning the centers to minimize the number of agency approvals. By adopting this approach, the appropriateness of the centers to their target populations became secondary to the process of negotiating the bureaucracy. In spite of this tactical decision, by 1970 construction had begun on only 1 center. This case study discusses the events from 1967 through 1969 that relate to the effort to expedite bureaucratic processing of the facilities.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed2001

Urban noise--a need for acoustic planning.

The noise status of growing urban centres of the country are very much required to develop acoustic design and planning guidelines for various land use classification. An attempt in this direction has been made by measuring noise equivalent levels for cities like Delhi, Jamshedpur, Dehradun and Nagpur. The choice of Ldn (Day-Night noise level) which is a better descriptor of noise quality provides an interesting status of noise in these urban centres. It has been observed that maximum percentage of areas in Delhi and Jamshedpur fall under moderately severe to very severe noisy conditions as compared to Dehradun and Nagpur on the noise rating scale. Ways and means are also considered for mitigation of noise.

Acoustics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating public health objectives in transportation decision-making.

This perspective explores how transportation decision-making can better support public health objectives, including reduced crashes and pollution emissions and increased physical activity. Conventional transportation planning tends to overlook negative health impacts resulting from increased motor vehicle travel and potential health benefits from shifts to alternative modes. Raising the priority of health objectives supports planning reforms that result in a more balanced transportation system. Integrating health objectives into transportation planning may be a cost-effective way to improve public health.

City Planning↗