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PubMed1984

Chromomycosis. The association of fungal elements and wood splinters.

In two separate specimens received for histopathologic examination, pigmented fungal elements were found within or on embedded wood splinters associated with a foreign-body reaction. The fungus was found to be in direct contact with the surrounding dermis. These findings support the concept of inoculation as a pathogenetic mechanism in cutaneous chromomycosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral chromomycosis.

A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with headache, confusion, and early papilledema. He was receiving prednisone and azathioprine for interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. A right temporoparietal cerebral abscess was diagnosed by computed tomographic scan, brain scan, and cerebral angiography. Fungal cultures of pus obtained at operation grew a pigmented fungus, Cladosporium trichoides. Three additional abscesses were found in the right cerebellar hemisphere at autopsy after the patient died of an unrelated cause. Chromomycosis occurring at sites other than skin is extremely rare. No lesions were detected outside the CNS in our patient. C trichoides has not been previously recognized as an agent causing disease in compromised hosts.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Study of the conidial development and cleistothecium-like structure of some strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Comparison with other close Dematiaeae.

The production of twenty-seven strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi was studied. The denticulate type (asexual reproduction) showed three morphological variations: medium-size, long and sessile forms. These forms can be used to characterize the different strains isolated especially for epidemiological purposes. Only one strain (MR 1335) isolated from a chromomycosis case in Martinique showed a cleistothecium-like structure. This formation was compared to that observed in Phialophora verrucosa, another agent of chromomycosis, and to the cleistothecium of Dictyotrichiella mansonii, the perfect state of Wangiella mansonii which is a saprophyte fungus.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1979

Skin test-active substance prepared from culture filtrate of Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Ethanol-precipitated substance (EP) was prepared from culture filtrate of Fonsecaea pedrosoi. EP was separated into two components by passing through a Sephadex G-50 column; the faster passing component was referred to as EP-1, the slower as EP-2. EP-1 and EP-2 were evaluated as an antigen for detecting cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in patients with chromomycosis. EP-1 elicited positive delayed skin reactions in all of 8 patients with chromomycosis, of which 7 caused by F. pedrosoi and one by Exophiala jeunselmei. Healthy subjects, patients with sporotrichosis and patients with tinea barbae failed to react to EP-1. These results indicate that EP-1 is a useful tool for detecting cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in patients with chromomycosis caused by F. pedrosoi. It was found that precipitin test using EP-1 as an antigen had little diagnostic value in chromomycosis. EP-2 did not show antigenic activity in both skin and precipitin reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Application of immunoprecipitation techniques to the diagnosis of cutaneous and extracutaneous forms of sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a mycosis which in our country has been described as only producing cutaneous and subcutaneous infections; in other countries it has been reported as causing pulmonary, bone, joint and meningeal infections. Possibly the systemic form also occurs in Venezuela since, along with the causative agent, all other factors considered as predisposing to systemic infection exist here. Through immunodiffusion (ID) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and using a filamentous form metabolic antigen from Sporothrix schenckii, we were able to demonstrate precipitating antibodies against this fungus both in patients with cutaneous sporotrichosis, diagnosed by culture of the infecting agent, and in patients with pulmonary lesions. The IEP test showed the presence of an anodic arc which we have called the 'S' arc, which could be one of the specific antigens of S. schenckii.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated immune responses in mice infected with Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Time course of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice infected with Fonsecaea pedrosoi was investigated by using an antigen prepared from culture filtrate of this fungus. Mice were infected by intravenous injection with yeast-like cells of the fungus. Viable fungus was recovered from the brain of the infected mice until the 36th day after inoculation, and from the other organs examined until 14th to 16th day. Inflammatory lesions were observed in the brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and intestine during the first 30 days after inoculation. Macrophage migration inhibition factor response in these mice was insignificant until 8 days after inoculation. A significant response was developed at day 10 and persisted until day 63. This response returned negative by 95 days after inoculation. Lymphocyte transformation response of these mice was negative until 4 days after inoculation. At day 6 blastogenic index increased to 1.5, and at day 10, 14 and 16 the indices were 1.8, 2.4 and 1.7 respectively. Precipitin response to this fungus could not be detected in these mice until 16 days after inoculation, Positive results were obtained at day 21 and lasted until 51 days after inoculation. The precipitin titers, however, did not exceed one fold in any of these mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An outbreak of phaeohyphomycosis in rainbow trout caused by Scolecobasidium humicola.

A previously undescribed host for the opportunistic dematiaceous hyphomycete, Scolecobasidium humicola, is reported. Several epizootics among rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, occurred in a Tennessee fish hatchery from 1969 to 1973. Symptoms included surface lesions, blisters and abscesses. The kidneys and other internal organs were invaded by the mycelium of S. humicola. Tissue morphology of the fungus was typical of that associated with phaeohyphomycosis Experimental infections were reproduced in fingerling rainbow trout after intraperitoneal inoculation of S. humicola. Following a change in the hatchery's water supply, no new epizootics have occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Hyperthermic treatment of chromomycosis with disposable chemical pocket warmers. Report of a successfully treated case, with a review of the literature.

A case of chromomycosis in which hyperthermia proved effective is reported. The patient was a 56-year-old male bean curd maker who, without any previous history of minor trauma, developed on the extensor side of the left upper arm an eczematous lesion that underwent gradual radial expansion. The lesion showed a well-defined, 7 x 10 cm infiltrated erythematous plaque with the central area healed and, at the upper and lower borders, adherent scales and crusts on the surface. Histological examination revealed granulomatous changes in the dermis, as well as sclerotic cells within giant cells and microabscesses. On culturing, Fonsecaea pedrosoi was isolated. The patient was treated with disposable chemical pocket warmers, which were secured over the lesion with a rather tight elastic bandage, so that they kept the affected area warm for 24 hours a day. After a month of such hyperthermic treatment, the erythema and infiltration had decreased considerably, and microscopic examination and culture of the crusts both yielded negative results. Examination of biopsy specimens of the lesion after the third month showed that it had cicatrized. The treatment was stopped after 4 months, and no relapse occurred. We also summarize the published results of local hyperthermic treatment of chromomycosis in Japan.

Chromoblastomycosis↗