The origin, structure, and histochemical characterization of encapsulating cysts in the oyster Crassostrea virginica parasitized by the cestode Tylocephalum sp.
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Malika turdi n. spp. (Dilepididae: Dipyliidinae) was described from the small intestine of a golden mountain thrush, Turdus dauma aureus Holandre, at Ogori City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. By having two rows of rostellar hooks, it resembles M. daviesi, M. himantopodis, M. kalawewaensis, and M. zeylanica, but is readily distinguished from the first three species by having non-spiny cirrus, and from the latter species by having a smaller scolex and more testes. This is the first report of Malika in Japan.
Studies on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) enzymes of Penetrocephalus ganapatii reveal that the TCA cycle is only partially operative, as some of the enzymes at the start of the cycle viz. citrate synthase, aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are found to be low in their activities. The high activities of malate dehydrogenase and fumarase, showing affinity towards a reverse direction, indicate that the TCA cycle operates in the reverse direction resulting in the formation of fumarate. The low succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase ratio suggests that ATP generation may occur at site I of the respiratory chain during the reduction of fumarate into succinate.
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