Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Bison”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Occurrence of tissue Filarioidea in ruminants in Poland].

In the years 1985-1988 in the Białowieza Forest and in the woods in the vicinity of Olsztyn, 130 deer, 136 roe-deer, 52 bisons and 40 cattle were subject to parasitological section. Seven species of tissue nematoda of the superfamily Filarioidea were detected. Onchocerca jakutensis, O. garmsi and Cutifilaria wenki in deer, Dipetalonema rugosicauda in roe-deer, and Onchocerca lienalis and O. gutturosa in bison and cattle are first records of these species in Poland. The bison is a new host for O. lienalis and O. gutturosa, the roe-deer--for O. flexuosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Forensic identification of ungulate species using restriction digests of PCR-amplified mitochondrial DNA.

A survey of mitochondrial D-loop variation in 15 species of ungulates was conducted via amplification by the polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This survey included moose (Alces alces), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (O. h. columbianus), white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), waipiti (Cervus elaphus), pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana), bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), Stone's sheep (O. dalli), domestic sheep (O. aries), moulflon sheep (O. musimon), mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), domestic goat (Capra hircus), domestic cattle (Bos taurus), and bison (Bison bison). The results of this preliminary survey indicate that there may be sufficient species specific variation in the D-loop region of the mitochondrial genome of the ungulate species examined here, with the exception of deer (Odocoileus) species, to establish the species origin of the mitochondrial haplotypes of this group. The Odocoileus species are known to hybridize and sharing of mtDNA haplotypes was observed. The chelex DNA extraction technique was successfully used on small blood stains.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1999

Genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups and implications for classification.

The complete Npro coding sequences were determined for 16 pestiviruses isolated from cattle, pig, and several wild ruminant species including reindeer, bison, deer, and bongo. Phylogenetic analysis enabled the segregation of pestiviruses into the established species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). For BVDV-1 five distinct subgroups were identified, while BVDV-2, BDV, and CSFV were each subdivided into two subgroups. The virus isolates from bongo and deer as well as one porcine virus isolate belong to BVDV-1. Interestingly, the isolates from reindeer and bison are distinct from the established pestivirus species. The Npro sequences from these two viruses are more similar to BDV than to the other pestivirus species. Calculation of the pairwise evolutionary distances allowed a clear separation of the categories species, subgroup, and isolate only when the reindeer/bison viruses were considered as members of an additional pestivirus species. Furthermore, the entire E2 coding sequences of a representative set of virus isolates covering all recognized species and subgroups were studied. Segregation of pestiviruses based on the E2 region was identical with that obtained with the N(pro) sequences.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Sensitivity of Borrelia genospecies to serum complement from different animals and human: a host-pathogen relationship.

Different Borrelia species and serotypes were tested for their sensitivity to serum complement from various animals and human. Complement-mediated Borrelia killing in cattle, European bison and deer was higher irrespective of the Borrelia species whereas in other animals and human it was intermediate and Borrelia species-dependent. Activation of the alternative complement pathway by particular Borrelia strain was in correlation with its sensitivity or resistance. These results support the incompetent reservoir nature of cattle, European bison, red, roe and fallow deer, at the same time present the probable reservoir nature of mouflon, dog, wolf, cat and lynx. In short, this study reviews Borrelia-host relationship and its relevance in reservoir competence nature of animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Selective media for isolation of Brucella abortus strain RB51.

Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51) is the standard vaccine used to protect cattle against brucellosis and is currently being used to vaccinate bison in the United States (US). Currently available media for culture of Brucella have not been evaluated for their ability to support growth of SRB51. In this study, five selective media for isolating brucellae, four commercially available media for gram-negative bacteria, and tryptose agar with 5% bovine serum (TSA) were compared to two SRB51 selective media developed in this study (rifampin brucellae medium (RBM), and malachite green brucellae medium (MGB)), for their ability to support growth and enhance recovery of SRB51. Four of the five media currently used for isolation of brucellae and two of the four media used for other Gram-negative bacteria did not support growth of SRB51. Modified Kuzdas and Morse (MKM), Brilliant Green, Skirrow's, RBM, and MGB supported growth of SRB51 in a manner similar to TSA. Recovery of SRB51 from tissues of SRB51-vaccinated bison was attempted on TSA, MKM, RBM, and MGB. From a total of 436 samples, SRB51 was isolated from 9.6, 4.3, 5.5, and 9.0% on TSA, MKM, RBM, or MGB media, respectively. Strain RB51 was recovered on only one medium (nine on TSA; three on RBM; and 9 on MGB) from 21 samples. Overgrowth of contaminating bacteria prevented potential detection of SRB51 from 9. 4, 5.5, 0.07, and 5.9% of samples on TSA, MKM, RBM, or MGB, respectively. These data suggest that the use of RBM and MGB, in combination with TSA, enhances the ability to recover SRB51 from tissue samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A molecular cytogenetic analysis of the tribe Bovini (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Bovinae) with an emphasis on sex chromosome morphology and NOR distribution.

Q-band comparisons were made among representative species of the four genera of the tribe Bovini (Bos, Bison, Bubalus, Syncerus) as well as to selected outgroup taxa representing the remaining two tribes of the subfamily Bovinae (nilgai, Boselaphini; eland, Tragelphini), the Bovidae subfamily Caprinae (domestic sheep) and the family Cervidae (sika deer and white-tailed deer). Extensive autosomal arm homologies were noted, but relatively few derivative character states were shared. Focus was then made on variation of the sex chromosomes and the chromosomal distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). Bovine BAC clones were used in molecular cytogenetic analyses to decipher rearrangements of the sex chromosomes, and a pocket gopher 28s ribosomal probe was used to map the chromosomal locations of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs). Some of the more noteworthy conclusions drawn from the comparative analysis were that: 1. The Bovidae ancestral X chromosome was probably acrocentric and similar to acrocentric X chromosomes of the Bovinae; 2. The domestic sheep acrocentric X is probably a derivative character state that unites non-Bovinae subfamilies; 3. Bos and Bison are united within the tribe Bovini by the presence of shared derivative submetacentric X chromosomes; 4. Sika and white-tailed deer X chromosomes differ by inversion from X chromosomes of the Bovinae; 5. The Bovini ancestral Y chromosome was probably a small acrocentric; 6. Bos taurus, B. gaurus and B. banteng share derivative metacentric Y chromosomes; 7. Syncerus and Bubalus are united by the acquisition of X-specific repetitive DNA sequence on their Y chromosomes; 8. Bovinae and Cervidae X chromosome centromere position varies without concomitant change in locus order. Preliminary data indicate that a knowledge of the chromosomal distribution of NORs among the Bovidae will prove to be phylogenetically informative.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Molecular cloning and heterologous expression in E. coli of cytochrome P45017alpha. Comparison of structural and functional properties of substrate-specific cytochromes P450 from different species.

To elucidate the nature of substrate specificity and intrinsic mechanism of hydroxylation of steroids, in the present work we carried out molecular cloning and heterologous expression of cDNA for three new forms of cytochrome P45017alpha from species of the Bovidae family (sheep, goat, and bison), which catalyze 17alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone (P4) or pregnenolone (P5) and 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in cleavage of side chain with formation of C(19)-steroids. Recombinant cytochromes P45017alpha were expressed in E. coli as derivatives, containing a six-His tag at the C-terminal sequence that simplifies purification of the cloned heme proteins using metal-affinity chromatography. Highly purified cytochromes P45017alpha were used for determination of enzyme activity and specificity in relation to progesterone, pregnenolone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone with registration of the kinetics of reaction product formation using HPLC. It is shown that each form of cytochrome P45017alpha is characterized by a specific profile of enzyme activity and dependence of 17,20-lyase reaction on the presence of cytochrome b(5) in the reaction mixture. The analysis of the activity of the known forms of cytochrome P45017alpha in view of the data obtained in the present work allows the division of known cytochromes P45017alpha into three main group: group A (pig, hamster, rat), cytochromes P45017alpha catalyze the reaction of 17alpha-hydroxylation of both P4 and P5 steroids and the 17,20-lyase reaction of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone; group B (human, bovine, sheep, goat, and bison), cytochromes P45017alpha, which have no or have insignificant 17,20-lyase activity in relation to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone; group C (guinea pig), cytochrome P45017alpha which either has no or has insignificant 17,20-lyase activity on transformation 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Bayesian coalescent inference of past population dynamics from molecular sequences.

We introduce the Bayesian skyline plot, a new method for estimating past population dynamics through time from a sample of molecular sequences without dependence on a prespecified parametric model of demographic history. We describe a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling procedure that efficiently samples a variant of the generalized skyline plot, given sequence data, and combines these plots to generate a posterior distribution of effective population size through time. We apply the Bayesian skyline plot to simulated data sets and show that it correctly reconstructs demographic history under canonical scenarios. Finally, we compare the Bayesian skyline plot model to previous coalescent approaches by analyzing two real data sets (hepatitis C virus in Egypt and mitochondrial DNA of Beringian bison) that have been previously investigated using alternative coalescent methods. In the bison analysis, we detect a severe but previously unrecognized bottleneck, estimated to have occurred 10,000 radiocarbon years ago, which coincides with both the earliest undisputed record of large numbers of humans in Alaska and the megafaunal extinctions in North America at the beginning of the Holocene.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Scale-dependent interaction of fire and grazing on community heterogeneity in tallgrass prairie.

Natural disturbances affect spatial and temporal heterogeneity in plant communities, but effects vary depending on type of disturbance and scale of analysis. In this study, we examined the effects of fire frequency (1-, 4-, and 20-yr intervals) and grazing by bison on spatial and temporal heterogeneity in species composition in tallgrass prairie plant communities. Compositional heterogeneity was estimated at 10-, 50-, and 200-m2 scales. For each measurement scale, we used the average Euclidean Distance (ED) between samples within a year (2000) to measure spatial heterogeneity and between all time steps (1993-2000) for each sample to measure temporal heterogeneity. The main effects of fire and grazing were scale independent. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity were lowest on annually burned sites and highest on infrequently burned (20-yr) sites at all scales. Grazing reduced spatial heterogeneity and increased temporal heterogeneity at all scales. The rate of community change over time decreased as fire frequency increased at all scales, whereas grazing had no effect on rate of community change over time at any spatial scale. The interactive effects of fire and grazing on spatial and temporal heterogeneity differed with scale. At the 10-m2 scale, grazing increased spatial heterogeneity in annually burned grassland but decreased heterogeneity in less frequently burned areas. At the 50-m2 scale, grazing decreased spatial heterogeneity on 4-yr burns but had no effect at other fire frequencies. At the 10-m scale, grazing increased temporal heterogeneity only on 1- and 20-yr burn sites. Our results show that the individual effects of fire and grazing on spatial and temporal heterogeneity in mesic prairie are scale independent, but the interactive effects of these disturbances on community heterogeneity change with scale of measurement. These patterns reflect the homogenizing impact of fire at all spatial scales, and the different frequency, intensity, and scale of patch grazing by bison in frequently burned vs. infrequently burned areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[DNA-fingerprinting of representatives of Bovinae subfamilies using the telomere markers (TTAGGG)4].

The (TTAGGG)4 oligonucleotide homologous to telomeric tandem repeats of human chromosomes was used for the first time as a multilocus hybridization probe for the analysis of genome variability in the two genera (Bos and Bison) of the Bovinae subfamily. DNA profiles for cattle, banteng, aurochs, and bison were obtained. Hybridization spectra were represented by the discrete individual- and species-specific bands characterized by codominant inheritance. For comparison, DNA profiles of the same samples obtained using the bacteriophage M13 DNA probe are presented. The usefulness of the microsatellite examined for the testing of pedigrees, description of intra- and interbreed variability as well as for determining relationships and the origins of the species of the Bovinae subfamily is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of microbial association in secretions of various mammalian sebaceous glands].

The following secretions of mammalian skin glands were subjected to a microbiological survey: the middle-abdominal glands of great and Mongolian gerbils, the preputial gland of musk deer, the perineal organ of African civet cat, the interdigital skin regions and interdigital glands of bison, European bison, European roe deer, and musk deer. All the secretions were found to contain microbial associations. The composition of bacterial species in the secretions and the quantity of microorganisms varied among different animal species, during the ontogenesis of an animal, and depended on the topography of a gland on an animal body as well as on its functional state in different seasons or upon hormonal changes. The secretions of certain glands contain factors which determine the composition of microbial species in a particular ecological niche and the stability of such a cenosis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1994

Basic properties of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex isolated from aurochs heart.

The purified aurochs (Bison bonasus, European bison) heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) has a set of subunits typical of mammalian PDC. PDC from aurochs heart contains firmly bound tiamine pyrophosphate in the amount providing over 50% of the maximal activity of the complex. The apparent value for activation energy of PDC is 60 kJ/mol. The Michaelis constant values for aurochs heart PDC are 22.4 +/- 1.0, 3.3 +/- 0.1 and 24.4 +/- 3.6 microM for pyruvate, CoA and NAD, accordingly. Acetyl-CoA is a competitive inhibitor with respect to CoA (Ki = 14.2 +/- 0.4 microM), whereas NADH gives the same inhibition with respect to NAD (Ki = 46.9 +/- 10.0 microM). The Km for CoA and NAD of the aurochs heart PDC are lower than that of domestic animals PDC.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Variability of satellite DNA II and IV in cattle, various representatives of the subfamily Bovinae and their hybrids].

Polymorphism of satellite DNA II and IV was studied in Bos taurus by means of Southern blotting and dot hybridization. Of primary interest is the absence of restriction fragment length polymorphism at the individual and interbreed levels. Differences in the content of satellite II in the genome are demonstrated for animals of the Kholmogorskaya and Yakutian breeds. The specific features of satellite IV organization in the bison, banteng and yak are revealed, allowing the use of the satellite as a specific genetic marker. Superposition of parental organizational types of this class of repeats is detected for the interspecies hybrids yak x cattle, banteng x cattle, and bison x cattle. At the same time, several cases of deviation from classic inheritance of such parental types in the interspecies hybrids were found.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Pyramiding and dissecting disease resistance QTL to barley stripe rust.

Quantitative resistance (QR) to disease is usually more durable than qualitative resistance, but its genetic basis is not well understood. We used the barley/barley stripe rust pathosystem as a model for the characterization of the QR phenotype and associated genomic regions. As an intermediate step in the preparation of near-isogenic lines representing individual QTL alleles and combinations of QTL alleles in a homogeneous genetic background, we developed a set of QTL introgression lines in a susceptible background. These intermediate barley near-isogenic (i-BISON) lines represent disease resistance QTL combined in one-, two-, and three-way combinations in a susceptible background. We measured four components of disease resistance on the i-BISON lines: latent period, infection efficiency, lesion size, and pustule density. The greatest differences between the target QTL introgressions and the susceptible controls were for the latter three traits. On average, however, the QTL introgressions also had longer latent periods than the susceptible parent (Baronesse). There were significant differences in the magnitudes of effects of different QTL alleles. The 4H QTL allele had the largest effect, followed by the alleles on 1H and 5H. Pyramiding multiple QTL alleles led to higher levels of resistance in terms of all components of QR except latent period.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Abnormally phosphorylated protein tau in the cortex of aged individuals of various mammalian orders.

Aged individuals of mammalian species displaying hyperphosphorylated tau protein may be suitable natural models for investigating neurodegenerative alterations occurring, for example, in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, autoptic tissue from the entorhinal, motor and prefrontal cortices of 14 mammalian species was screened using the monoclonal antibody AT8, which is directed against a phosphorylated epitope of human tau and applicable to the tissues of aged domestic animals, as shown in previous studies. AT8-immunoreactive neuronal processes and perikarya were revealed in Campbell's guenon, rhesus monkey, baboon, rabbit, spectacled bear, guanaco, reindeer and bison. Signs for considerable neuropathological alterations in aged bisons also included neuropil threads, whereas AT8 immunoreactivity in the other species was only sparsely scattered. Hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain of an 28-year-old rhesus monkey was also detected by AT100, PHF-1 and TG-3 antibodies, but only in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex, which are known as starting point for tangle spreading in the cortex of Alzheimer patients.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to bovine immunoglobulins with immunoglobulins of other species.

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain of the four major isotypes gamma 1, gamma 2, alpha, mu and the light chains (combined kappa and lambda) were produced and found to cross-react in enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) with immunoglobulins of some other animal species despite the discrete specificity associated with an antibody derived from a single clone. This cross-reactivity, particularly amongst ruminants, could be utilized in serological testing for the diagnosis of disease in these species. For example, Mabs produced against bovine immunoglobulin light chain cross-react with bison immunoglobulin light chain and were used successfully in serological testing as the secondary detection antibody in an indirect ELISA for the diagnosis of Brucella abortus in bison herds in north-western Canada.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Survey of cell lines in the American Type Culture Collection for bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Cell lines originating from cattle, sheep, goat, deer, bison, swine, rabbit, hamster, cat, dog, monkey, human, and mosquito were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and tested for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Immunocytochemical procedures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification were used to detect viral antigen or viral RNA in 13 of 41 cell lines. The results of these procedures correlated exactly. Cell lines derived from cattle, sheep, goat, deer, bison, rabbit, and domestic cat were found contaminated with BVDV. Attempts were made to experimentally infect 14 swine, rabbit, hamster, cat, dog, monkey, and human cell lines that had been found free of virus. All swine cell lines, and most rabbit and cat cell lines, became infected with BVDV. Hamster, human, dog, and certain rabbit and cat cells were refractory to BVDV infection. Experimental infection of monkey cells produced variable results.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Experimental aerosol infection of cattle (Bos taurus) with ovine herpesvirus 2 using nasal secretions from infected sheep.

Infection of clinically susceptible ruminants, including domesticated cattle and American bison, with ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) can result in the fatal lymphoproliferative and vasculitis syndrome known as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). A reliable experimental infection model is needed to study the pathogenesis of MCF and to develop effective vaccination strategies to control the disease. An experimental aerosol infection model using sheep, the natural carriers of OvHV-2, has been developed (Taus et al., 2005). Using the protocol and OvHV-2 inoculum established in the previous study, eight calves were nebulized with four different doses of OvHV-2 in nasal secretions from infected sheep. Two control calves were nebulized with nasal secretions from uninfected sheep. Infection status of all calves was monitored using competitive inhibition ELISA, PCR and clinical parameters. Six of eight nebulized calves became infected with OvHV-2. One calf receiving the highest dose of virus developed typical clinical, gross and histological changes of MCF. This study showed that nasal secretions collected from sheep experiencing OvHV-2 shedding episodes were infectious for cattle and capable of inducing MCF. The data also indicate that cattle are relatively resistant to disease following infection. The use of more susceptible species as experimental animal models, such as bison and selected cervid species should be examined.

Aerosols↗