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Results for “BODY FLUID BALANCE”

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PubMed1981

Insensible fluid losses in severe tetanus.

Insensible fluid losses were estimated using fluid balances and body weight changes in twelve artificially ventilated patients with severe tetanus. Studies were carried out over initial twenty day periods of treatment on six patients aged between 26 and 49 years and six aged 63 to 78. Nine of the 12 patients lost weight over the study period (the younger losing an average of nearly 10% of their body weight) and all patients had positive fluid balances ranging between 15 and 53 1. The discrepancy between these findings was explained on the basis of considerable and continuing fluid losses in the form of sweat and saliva. When quantified, insensible fluid losses appeared greatest in the younger patients (up to 3.81 per day) and increased throughout the period of study. Dehydration will tend to occur unless the magnitude of these insensible losses is appreciated and taken into account when managing fluids.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bioelectric impedance detects fluid retention in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Excessive fluid accumulation is associated with increased morbidity and prolonged convalescence after cardiopulmonary bypass. However, water fluctuations are difficult to assess solely on the basis of changes in body weight and fluid balance. Bioelectric impedance analysis is a simple, rapid, noninvasive bedside technique that measures the resistance of the body to a weak alternating current (50 kHz). The change in resistance is inversely proportional to the change in total body water. To investigate the relationship between body weight, fluid balance, and resistance, 18 patients who had cardiopulmonary bypass (9 men, 9 women, aged 61 +/- 3 years, weighing 80 +/- 4 kg, with ejection fraction 54% +/- 3% and bypass time 113 +/- 8 minutes [mean plus or minus standard error of the mean]) were followed up for 7 postoperative days. Body weight, fluid balance, and whole body and regional resistance were determined at 24-hour intervals. In the immediate postoperative period, fluid retention was accurately detected by simultaneous measurements of weight gain and decreased resistance (p < 0.001). Both measurements detected the initiation of diuresis by postoperative day 2 (p < 0.01). Whole body resistance returned to baseline values by day 7 (p > 0.05), and body weight returned to baseline on day 4 (p > 0.05). Change in weight and change in whole body resistance were highly correlated with cumulative fluid balance (r = 0.84, p < 0.001, and r = -0.81, p < 0.001, respectively), and these two measures were also related to each other throughout the study (r = -0.89, p < 0.001). The initial change in resistance was the best measurement associated with postoperative outcome (p < or = 0.01). The data suggest that the measurement of electric resistance across the body can accurately detect acute changes in total body water and in fluid redistribution through the body. However, determining the relative day-to-day change in whole body resistance seems more appropriate than calculating absolute fluid changes over time. Bioelectric impedance offers a simple, rapid, noninvasive method to monitor serial changes in total body water. This technique can be useful in situations in which rapid alterations in water compartments occur, and it may be useful in predicting outcome after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Adult↗