[Approach to problems in adolescents through development groups with therapeutic option].
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “Adolescent Development”
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[Study on the sexual development of adolescent male].
OBJECTIVES: The investigation of the testicular volume, the penis length and the T, FSH, LH, PRL levels in serum were taken in 289 adolescent males to provide the valuable data for andrology. METHODS: The adolescent males were grouped according to their age. The testicular volume was measured with testicular model and the T, FSH, LH, PRL levels in serum were determined by immunoenzymetric assay. RESULTS: The male sexual development was rapid from age 11 to 16 and close to that of adult at age 18. Serum PRL of adolescent males was higher than that of adult males. CONCLUSIONS: The age 11 to 16 is a period of rapid growth in sexual maturation. PRL may play an important role in sexual maturation.
Adolescent↗
The relationship of personality and behavioral development from adolescence to young adulthood and subsequent parenting behavior.
The purpose of the study was to examine the association of parental personality, behavior, and substance use during adolescence and adulthood as related to the later parent-offspring relationship. The sample consisted of 297 parents (M age 32 yr.), who were first interviewed at earlier points in their lives in childhood and early adolescence at six points in time, extending from 1983 to 2002. Multiple regression models showed that parents with certain earlier personality and behavioral attributes, e.g., more rebelliousness and more frequent tobacco use, had a more difficult relationship with their children. Findings indicated an association between the cumulative number of psychosocial risk factors in the parents and difficulties in the parent-child relationship. The findings suggested that interventions designed to decrease youths' substance abuse may increase the likelihood that later when they are parents they will form nurturing relationships with their children.
Adolescent↗
Pediatric neurodevelopment and sports participation. When are children ready to play sports?
A fundamental knowledge of normal child and adolescent development is essential to providing a developmentally appropriate sports experience for the child, and to providing guidance to parents regarding their child's sport participation. This article reviews neurodevelopment, normal child and adolescent development relevant to sport participation, and developmental readiness to participate in sports. Neurodevelopmental maturation is a complex, continuous process. The sense of social comparison is not achieved until after 6 years of age, and the ability to understand the competitive nature of sports is generally not achieved until 9 years of age. By about 12 years of age, most children are mature enough to comprehend the complex tasks of sports and are physically and cognitively ready to participate in competitive sports with appropriate supervision.
Adolescent↗
[Educational status and sexual development in adolescent girls].
By means of interviews two sexologists examined in 1986-1994 771 Czech girls aged 16-18 years during their stay in the spa of Frantiskovy Láznĕ. Up to the end of 1989 the authors studied the sexual development of 158 girls apprentices and 231 girl students. After the "Velvet Revolution" 159 apprentices and 223 students were examined. Comparison of these sub-groups revealed that the sexual development of students was highly significantly retaried, as compared with the apprentices; this applied to the period before and after 1989. This difference is interpreted mainly by the higher education, expressed by the sum of years of school attendance of both parents of the examined girls and a higher standard of the education process in secondary schools as compared with schools for apprentices.
Adolescent↗
Asserting scientific authority. Cognitive development and adolescent legal rights.
The APA uses amicus briefs to communicate scientific knowledge to the legal system. There can be tension, however, between promoting the social good through law and the disinterested reporting of scientific data. This article examines this conflict by discussing two APA amicus briefs filed in the United States Supreme Court in cases involving adolescents' abortion rights. The Court has restricted adolescents' rights to make important life decisions in part because adolescents have been presumed to lack competence and maturity. The briefs argued that developmental theory and data confirm that adolescents and adults have equivalent decision-making capacities. The scientific arguments in the briefs, however, do not justify this assertion. Analysis of the briefs illuminates some dimensions describing the role of a scientific statement in a legal brief. These dimensions identify ways to limit scientific claims about the evidence at hand to avoid overstatement. The primary danger of overstatement is that it undermines psychology's claim to expert authority in assisting in the formation of law and the shaping of social institutions.
Abortion, Induced↗
The effect of congenital handicap on personality development in adolescence.
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Adolescent↗
Rebellious Rhapsody: Metal, Rap, Community, and Individuation.
Music can be a powerful force and tool in the life of an adolescent. It forms a social context and informs the adolescent about the adult world through the lens of artists' lives, language, and presence as models. Allegiance to a form of music is allegiance to those who make it, a way to friendship and kinship, and a road to personal identity through belonging. In their relationships formed through music, teens can create a sense of community that may be lacking in the life of family. The rebellious music of earlier generations has given rise to complex musical genres, rap and heavy metal, that are strong in defiance and controversial in their violent and sexual content. What do these musical affiliations tell us about certain segments of adolescent development and culture? The authors consider this question by exploring the form and content of the music while using it to illuminate psychodynamic and psychosocial aspects of adolescent development.
Journal Article↗
Emotional disturbance and the development of self-consciousness in adolescence.
The development of self-consciousness and its relationship to emotional disturbance was examined in early and late adolescence. The Imaginary Audience Scale was administered to emotionally disturbed and nondisturbed adolescents. As predicted, results indicated that self-consciousness decreased with age in nondisturbed adolescents. For the emotionally disturbed adolescents, the development of self-consciousness in temporary situations did not follow consistent patterns, as indicated by interaction effects. A significant negative relationship was found between intelligence test scores and self-consciousness in the disturbed group. The findings support the premise that social-cognitive shifts found in early to late adolescence are disrupted in disturbed populations. The mediating role of social experience as a factor in cognitive and emotional development is discussed.
Achievement↗
Children of alcoholics and adolescence: individuation, development, and family systems.
Recent developmental studies have highlighted the traumatic experiences faced by youngsters from alcoholic families. So far, however, the concept of individuation has remained missing from the discussion. This article links the developmental-familial implications of parental alcoholism with the individuation process and suggests a developmental agenda for understanding adolescents coping with the influences of parental alcoholism.
Adolescent↗
[Alteration of the direction of personality development in adolescents with residual organic insufficiency].
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Adolescent↗
How possible is the prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome development in adolescent patients with early onset of hyperandrogenism.
The polycystic ovary syndrome has a pubertal onset, with menstrual cycle irregularities and infertility in adulthood, as well as general health hazards such as increased risk for diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction. Thus, prevention would be important. But as specific etiological factors are not known, nor is specific intervention. In order to use long-term intervention programs in children and adolescents, particularly rigid criteria must be used regarding proven safety and efficacy. In obese subjects, weight loss is very important, having beneficial effects on most aspects of the syndrome, such as subjective symptoms, infertility, hyperinsulinemia and related metabolic aberrations, and long-term health risks. Well controlled, long-term follow-up studies are needed on the role of prepubertal hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, gonadotropins, and ovarian morphological aspects in the development of PCOS, and possibilities of prevention.
Adolescent↗
Body image changes in adolescents I development of Self-Rating Body Image (SRBI) test and effects of sex, age and body shape.
We investigated the effects of sex, age and body shape on self-body image estimated by our Self-Rating Body Image (SRBI) test in 687 adolescents. Three factors were derived from the 20 items of the SRBI by using a factor analysis. They were interpreted as the images of "body shape," "face" and "visceral organ." Scores of these images in the females were significantly higher than those in the males. There was a significantly negative correlation between the body shape and "body shape" image for the female adolescents 13 years of age (middle) and 18 years of age (late), while no correlation was found for the male and female adolescents 10 years of age (early) and late male adolescents. Our results suggest that a female adolescent wants to be thinner and that the body image showed critical changes during the early and middle periods of adolescence, leading to unsatisfactory images of self-body.
Adolescent↗
A pilot intervention to enhance psychosexual development in adolescents and young adults with cancer.
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that cancer diagnosed during adolescence and young adulthood may present considerable challenges to what would otherwise be a relatively smooth developmental trajectory, particularly in areas related to reproductive health. We created and pilot tested a two-session, individually-delivered, counseling intervention to enhance psychosexual development in this unique population. PROCEDURES: A total of 21 patients, aged 15 to 25 years and treated for cancer within the past 5 years, completed the counseling intervention. Patients were adaptively randomized to begin the intervention immediately, or to be placed on a 3-month waitlist, after which time, they were reassessed and began the intervention. The content of the intervention included education, dialog, and support regarding cancer and such issues as sexual development and function, body image, fertility, prevention of sexually transmitted disease and unwanted pregnancy, and romantic relationships (e.g., dating, sexual communication). A 1-month follow-up booster call followed the intervention. Questionnaires were completed at baseline, post-waitlist (for half the sample), post-treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Participation in the intervention increased cancer-specific knowledge regarding sexual issues; improved body image; lessened anxiety about sexual and romantic relationships; and decreased overall level of psychological distress. Gains were maintained through the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing issues of reproductive health in the adolescent/young adult with cancer can and should be offered as a part of comprehensive pediatric cancer care.
Adolescent↗
Living habits and personality development of adolescent twins: a longitudinal follow-up study in a birth cohort from pregnancy to adolescence.
The living habits of 289 twins in a one-year birth cohort beginning during pregnancy and followed up to adolescence were compared with those of 11,623 singletons and two sets of controls matched either by maternal factors and place of residence only or by these and perinatal morbidity, all from the same cohort. The twins went in for sports more often than the singletons or any kind of controls. A nonsignificant trend was found indicating that twins smoked less often than their matched controls. The twins also used alcohol less often than their controls. The intrapair similarities of twins were higher than the similarities of twins and either type of controls in all four variables tested: sports, smoking, use of alcohol, as well as having been drunk.
Adolescent↗
Brain androgen-inducible aromatase is critical for adolescent organization of environment-specific social interaction in male rats.
Previous observations have indicated that specific behavioral responses to anxiogenic stimuli emerge over adolescent development in male rats and that gonadal androgens during puberty are essential for this emergence. The objective of the current study was to evaluate mechanisms via which androgens might be organizing the brain during adolescence for appropriate mature adaptive responses. Male rats were exposed to fadrozole (an aromatase inhibitor, 5 mg/kg), flutamide (an androgen receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg), or MK-434 (a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg) from day 29 to 60 and tested for environment-specific social interaction (SI) at 60 days of age. The emergence of adult-typical SI was impaired by exposure to the aromatase inhibitor and to the antiandrogen, whereas exposure to the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor was without effect. Peripheral indices of drug effects indicated that the respective mechanisms had been altered by the different compounds. These results suggest that testosterone induction of aromatase is critical for the organization of mature SI behavior in male rats over adolescent development.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
Personality development from adolescence to adulthood in the Oakland Growth and Guidance Studies.
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Adaptation, Psychological↗
The development of ethnic identity during adolescence.
The development of ethnic identity is a critical facet of adolescence, particularly for adolescents of color. In order to examine the developmental trajectory of ethnic identity, African American, Latino American, and European American early and middle adolescents (N = 420) were assessed over 3 years. Two components of ethnic identity were assessed--group-esteem was found to rise for both early and middle adolescents; exploration rose for middle adolescents. African Americans and Latino Americans were lower in group-esteem but have greater increases than European Americans, particularly across a school transition. The course of ethnic identity development during early and middle adolescence, the role of school context, and the variability in developmental trajectories among racial and ethnic groups are discussed.
Adolescent↗