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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

An alternative method for quantitative synthesis of single-subject researches: percentage of data points exceeding the median.

The purpose of the present study is twofold: (a) to compare the validation of percentage of nonoverlapping data approach and percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase (PEM) approach, and (b) to demonstrate application of the PEM approach in conducting a quantitative synthesis of single-subject research investigating the effectiveness of self-control. The results show that the PEM had higher Spearman correlation with original authors' judgment than PND did. The results of applying the PEM approach to synthesize the effect of self-control training on academic and social behavior showed that the treatment was highly or at least moderately effective.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and practice of traditional medicine in Mexico: a survey of healthcare practitioners.

A cross-sectional study combined anthropologic (ethnographic) techniques to obtain qualitative information from decision makers and a questionnaire designed to investigate the population that used health services provided by the medical centers in Mexico. The results demonstrate that non-biomedical therapists fell into three main groups: (1) practitioners of traditional medicine; (2) practitioners of alternative medicine; and (3) faith healers. The cultural affiliations, academic backgrounds, training, and preparation of these practitioners differed markedly. They employed many strategies to finance their services, create and utilize therapist networks, and provide care to different segments of the population. The authors recommend further research on non-biomedical health care models, which are becoming more important with expanding globalization.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nurse's training: professor's characteristics and academic success].

The present report describes the characteristics of the professor who teaches the disciplines that obtained the highest success indexes in the evaluation carried out by the students. It was executed at a Nursing Superior Education School in Lisbon (Portugal), regarding 16 professors who answered a questionnaire. We concluded that a professor who is well evaluated by the students has the following attributes: he is mature, well qualified for education, with a solid experience in teaching and a good experience in the exercise of the profession. In the professor's own opinion, they are able to establish a good relationship with their students, they consider themselves as being solidly efficient in teaching practice and they have a deep knowledge of their lectured disciplines. All of the professors use expository lectures, with student's interaction and dialogue, and complemented by the sharing of experiences and practical way of life, debates, discussions, dramatisations and simulations. The authors alert the need for further research on the subject.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1992

The untold story: how the health care systems in developing countries contribute to maternal mortality.

This article attempts to put together evidence from maternal mortality studies in developing countries of how an inadequate health care system characterized by misplaced priorities contributes to high maternal mortality rates. Inaccessibility of essential health information to the women most affected, and the physical as well as economic and sociocultural distance separating health services from the vast majority of women, are only part of the problem. Even when the woman reaches a health facility, there are a number of obstacles to her receiving adequate and appropriate care. These are a result of failures in the health services delivery system: the lack of minimal life-saving equipment at the first referral level; the lack of equipment, personnel, and know-how even in referral hospitals; and worst of all, faulty patient management. Prevention of maternal deaths requires fundamental changes not only in resource allocation, but in the very structures of health services delivery. These will have to be fought for as part of a wider struggle for equity and social justice.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2000

The value of pharmaceutical representative visits and medication samples in community-based family practices.

BACKGROUND: Interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians have been discussed in numerous publications; however, most articles are limited to surveys and self-report data and often focus on academic or training contexts. We describe the role of pharmaceutical representatives and the use of samples in community-based family practices, using data obtained by directly observing clinical encounters. METHODS: We collected detailed descriptive field notes of the direct observations of 53 primary care clinicians and 1588 patient encounters in 18 purposefully selected Nebraska family practices. We used a comparative case study design, that used depth interviews of clinicians and office staff, and included details of the interactions with pharmaceutical representatives and the use of samples in clinical encounters. RESULTS: Individual providers and practices displayed noticeable variation in their approaches to drug representatives and samples. We found formal strategies and policies in a minority of practices. Generally there was little structure in the organization and distribution of sample medications at the office level, and detailed patient education regarding these drugs was rarely observed in patient encounters. Nevertheless, samples were used in almost 20% of observed encounters, at times as starter dosages, but often as complete courses of treatment. The benefits derived from contact with the pharmaceutical industry varied substantially, but most often included free medication samples, meals, and patient education materials. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians have a complex symbiosis with the pharmaceutical industry and need to critically evaluate their handling of samples and their contact with pharmaceutical representatives to optimize this relationship and ensure quality patient care. Clinics with specific policies for interactions with drug companies appear to derive more satisfaction from their encounters.

Drug Industry↗
PubMed2000

International health services management education: an overview of major efforts and lessons learned during the 1990s.

In this paper, the authors examine select major pedagogical and methodological issues concerning health care management executive training and academic program development in the former Soviet sphere of influence during the 1990s. Experience from programs offered during the 1990s has direct implications for the continued development of health care management programs and faculty in the United States. In essence, each of the nations that were involved represented an experimental setting for the introduction and improvement of management skills in the health care sector and the development of professional health care managers. Evaluative findings should help to inform future efforts to construct and deliver effective international and domestic management educational programs.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2002

Empirical evaluation of a selection system for Chinese student pilots.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transfer of ab-initio pilot selection methods from Germany to China. METHOD: The different phases of test development and evaluation were carried out by the DLR Department of Aviation and Space Psychology in cooperation with the Civil Aviation Flying College (CAFC). The DLR/LH test-system covers factors of aviation related knowledge, operational abilities, personality, and psychomotor abilities. After the translation into Chinese and necessary cultural adaptations a sample of 125 Chinese student pilots was examined in 1996. Standardized feedback data was gathered over a time period of two years in practical flight training. RESULT: In comparison to reliabilities of the German version, differences can be observed for all knowledge related test forms. Especially tests of technical and mathematical knowledge have somewhat lower reliabilities in China. On the other hand the reliabilities for the personality questionnaire as well as for the tests of memory, mental concentration, and spatial abilities seem to be equivalent with the German versions. In relation to flight instructor ratings for all students who passed the selection, the overall rate of accurate predictions is 71% (Cramer's V=0.35, P<0.01). The best psychometric predictors found in this research for different phases of the Chinese ab-initio pilot training (from academic study up to advanced twin-engine operation) are psychomotor coordination in multiple tasks settings, mental concentration, spatial abilities, and English language comprehension. CONCLUSION: The results supported the assumption that the selection tests for ab-initio pilots can be transferred into a different culture without significant loss of reliability or validity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Director's report.

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Annual Reports as Topic↗