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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

An observational study of student nurses' measurement of arterial blood pressure by sphygmomanometry and auscultation.

An observational study was conducted looking at blood pressure measurement, in a mock-clinical situation, by Project 2000 students nearing the end of their Common Foundation Programme. The observation schedule looked for compliance with published guidelines for blood pressure determination. The results indicate little compliance with guidelines. Only 6% of the students allowed the subject to rest for at least 5 minutes before taking the blood pressure and no students checked for extraneous variables such as recent eating or smoking which might affect blood pressure. Cuff placement was generally accurate but the arm was usually held straight and nearly one-third of the students left the arm unsupported. In 44% of the observations, the arm was above or below heart level. Only 5 students obtained an estimate of systolic pressure by palpation before using the stethoscope. A clear terminal digit zero preference was evident in the recorded readings and 16% ended in an odd number. These results suggest that preparing students to be 'knowledgeable doers' in relation to blood pressure measurement may require more detailed preparation and supervised practice in the necessary techniques.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1984

Mechanical vibration transmission characteristics of the left ventricle: implications with regard to auscultation and phonocardiography.

Systolic-diastolic phasic alteration of left ventricular mechanical vibration transmissibility was studied in an open chest canine preparation. A continuous vibratory tone was applied to the base of the heart, and a miniature heart surface vibration sensor applied to the epicardium near the ventricular apex. This allowed the detection of the percent of the vibration that was transmitted from source to sensor. These data were compared with those from intracardiac phonocardiograms obtained using a micromanometer-tipped catheter. It was found that in systole, the ventricle transmitted a vibratory tone from the cardiac base to the apex so that it was readily detected by the heart surface sensor. In marked contrast, during diastole the relaxed ventricle failed almost completely to transmit the vibration to the apical position. When the dog experienced heart failure during hypoxia, the ventricular diastolic vibration transmissibility was found to equal or exceed that of the systolic phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Agreement between spirometry and tracheal auscultation in assessing bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children.

We have recently found that changes in lung sounds correspond well with a 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after methacholine challenge in asthmatic children. Up to now, little was known about the agreement between a 20% fall in FEV1 and a change in lung sounds after repeated bronchial challenge. In this study we investigated the agreement between the total cumulative histamine dose causing a fall in FEV1 of 20% or more (PD20) and the detection of a change in lung sounds (PDlung sounds) after two bronchial challenges on different occasions in asthmatic children. Fifteen asthmatic children (nine boys), mean age 10.8 years (range 9-15), were studied. All performed two histamine challenge tests on 2 days, with a 24 h to 1 week interval. Lung sounds were recorded over the trachea for 1 min and stored on tape. Lung sounds were analysed directly and also scored from the tape-recording by a blinded second investigator. Wheeze, cough, and an increase in respiratory rate were assessed. The relationship between PD20 and PDlung sounds was calculated by Bland and Altman's measurement of agreement. Eleven children had a positive challenge test (PD20 < or = 16.0 mg ml-1) on both test days; four had a positive challenge on one test day. In 24 out of 26 positive challenges, wheeze, cough, prolonged expiration and/or increased respiratory rate were detected one dose-step before, or at the dose-step of histamine that induced a fall in FEV1 of 20% or more. In two challenges, PD20 was not detected by a change in lung sounds. In four out of four negative challenges (PD20 > 16.0 mg ml-1) no change in lung sounds could be detected. Good agreement between the logarithm of PD20 and the logarithm of PDlung sounds was found on both test days. The mean difference was 0.04 and the limits of agreement (d +/- 2 SD of the differences) were 0.04 +/- 0.41. A good agreement was found between the total cumulative histamine dose causing a fall in FEV1 of 20% or more and the detection of a change in lung sounds after two bronchial challenges on different occasions in asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The role of occlusal auscultation in assessing dental occlusions.

Little attention is paid to the noises made when the teeth occlude, yet there is a wealth of information stored in these sounds. It is remarkable how quickly the ear can learn to discern the difference between a good occlusion and one which is disrupted, by using a stethoscope. With the addition of relatively inexpensive instrumentation, occlusal sounds may also be recorded for later reference, analysis, comparison or audit.

Auscultation↗