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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Curvature and range of motion of the cervical spine after laminaplasty.

BACKGROUND: The curvature and range of motion of the cervical spine decrease after laminaplasty. However, to our knowledge these changes have not been studied prospectively. Also, the effect of laminaplasty on the mobility of the occipito-atlanto-axial joints has not been studied in detail. The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate the range of motion and curvature of the cervical spine, including the occipito-atlanto-axial joints, following laminaplasty. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of twenty-six patients who underwent cervical laminaplasty. They were followed for a mean of 6.7 years (range, five to nine years). Radiographs were made before the operation and at one, three, and five years after the operation. The curvature index, the angle of each vertebra in the neutral position from the occiput to the seventh cervical vertebra, and the range of motion in the sagittal plane were measured. RESULTS: The curvature index, the angle of the axis and the sixth cervical vertebra, and the angle of the axis and the seventh cervical vertebra in the neutral position were reduced after the operation. The rate of reduction declined between the third and fifth postoperative years. On the other hand, the mean distance between the occiput and the atlas as well as the mean angle of the axis and the atlas did not change significantly. The range of motion of the axis and the seventh cervical vertebra was decreased after the operation, and it continued to decrease slowly over the study period. The range of motion of the occipito-atlanto-axial complex increased slightly, which may represent a compensation for the decreased mobility of the middle and caudad parts of the cervical spine. CONCLUSIONS: Laminaplasty diminishes lordosis and straightens the cervical spine. The range of motion and lordosis continued to decrease, though at a diminishing rate, between the third and fifth postoperative years.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Accessory joints between basiocciput and atlas/axis in the median plane.

To explore the many osseous irregularities that are found in the area between the basiocciput, the anterior arch of the atlas and the tip of the dens axis we studied 99 cadaver specimens using magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), computed tomography (CT), median saw-cut sections, and histological sections. Additionally, "dry" specimens of the skull (n = 110), atlas (n = 56), and axis (n = 33) were investigated. In the median plane, the dry and cadaver specimens exhibited osteoarthritis-related osseous outgrowths and osteophytes of the articular surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint (n = 63), and the presence of congenitally developed free ossicles (n = 22) and of third occipital condyles (n = 3). The largest osteophytes (giant osteophytes) (n = 4) of the anterior arch of the atlas formed osseous contact zones with the basiocciput that were visible histologically as real joints and were designated accessory median atlanto-occipital joints. The third occipital condyles also formed osseous contact zones, visible histologically as real joints, with the anterior arch of the atlas or with the tip of the dens, and were designated accessory atlanto-occipital or occipito-odontoid joints. Frequent free ossicles, incorporated into the accessory joint, were found by histological examination to be covered with hyaline cartilage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute torticollis and its roentgen analysis].

It has hitherto been assumed without exception that A-P films of acute torticollis demonstrate neither malposture nor subluxation or (worse still) luxation of the atlas. In contrast, there is ventral subluxation of the atlas in all cases, although in about one-half of them this only become manifest in ventral flexion, with a tendency to form an angle between the odontoid process and the first cervical vertebra. In conformity with the head posture in acute torticollis, X-ray findings in the head joints are normal on A-P films. Fundamental to acute torticollis is that when the head is held in certain positions -- lateral inclination with rotation, sometimes combined with tilting of the head -- spontaneous, occasionally gradual obstruction of rotation of the atlas (and more rarely of the axis) occur; as a result, the head has to be held in these positions by force. In attempts to equalize head posture temporarily, lateral shifting of the atlas quite frequently occurs; depending on atlas rotation and the statics of the cervical spine, it may be either physiological or pathologic.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Posterior atlantoaxial dislocation without associated fracture.

We report on a 38-year-old man with post-traumatic posterior displacement of the atlas with respect to the axis without any associated fracture or neurological deficit caused by the displacement. Radiographs, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed posterior displacement of the atlas with the odontoid peg lying anterior and to the right of the anterior arch of the atlas.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

Prognosis of neurological deficits associated with upper cervical spine injuries.

We investigated the type of injury and neurological prognosis in 82 patients with an upper cervical spine injury with neurological deficits, from a total of 247 such patients that we treated, from which 11 patients who were dead on arrival had been excluded. The incidence of neurological deficits in upper cervical spine injury was 33%. They were classified into three signs; cord, upper cervical nerve root, and cranial nerve signs. The types of injury accompanied by neurological deficits were burst fracture of the atlas, type II dens fracture, body fracture of the axis, type II traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, atlanto-occipital dislocation, and atlanto-axial dislocation. Most were unstable vertebral injuries. The four patients who died after arrival at hospital had complete tetraplegia with respiratory distress. The neurological deficit was one of paresis in the 78 patients who survived; in many, the paresis was mild with a resulting good neurological prognosis.

Adolescent↗