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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Gastrointestinal pathogenicity of adenoviruses and reoviruses isolated from broiler chickens in Alabama.

Adenoviruses and reoviruses isolated from commercial broiler chickens were evaluated for gastrointestinal pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free Leghorn chickens. The viruses were originally isolated from either the proventriculus or a gastrointestinal pool of tissues of broiler chickens with proventriculitis or enteritis. Isolates were cloned by terminal dilution. Day-old chickens were inoculated by oral and ocular routes with undiluted tissue culture fluids (titers of 10[2]-10[4] TCID50/ml) and then examined at necropsy on days 5, 10, and 15 postinoculation. Chickens in all virus groups (but not the control group) developed wet, unformed fecal droppings that persisted for the duration of the study. Mild lesions occurred in reovirus-inoculated chickens and included hyperplasia of lymphocyte aggregates in various organs and mild gizzard erosions. Chickens inoculated with adenovirus isolates developed marked gizzard erosions and necrotizing pancreatitis as well as mild proventriculitis. Intranuclear viral inclusion bodies occurred in gizzard epithelium and pancreatic acinar cells at the sites of lesions. Lymphocytic atrophy occurred in the bursa of Fabricius. Respective viruses were reisolated from proventriculus and duodenum collected from chickens of each group; no viruses were isolated from controls. Under the conditions of this study, adenovirus isolates were more pathogenic than the reovirus isolates in the digestive system.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2004

The University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Community OutReach Development Summer Science Institute Program: a 3-yr laboratory research experience for inner-city secondary-level students.

This article describes and assesses the effectiveness of a 3-yr, laboratory-based summer science program to improve the academic performance of inner-city high school students. The program was designed to gradually introduce such students to increasingly more rigorous laboratory experiences in an attempt to interest them in and model what "real" science is like. The students are also exposed to scientific seminars and university tours as well as English and mathematics workshops designed to help them analyze their laboratory data and prepare for their closing ceremony presentations. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of student performance in these programs indicates that participants not only learn the vocabulary, facts, and concepts of science, but also develop a better appreciation of what it is like to be a "real" scientist. In addition, the college-bound 3-yr graduates of this program appear to be better prepared to successfully academically compete with graduates of other high schools; they also report learning useful job-related life skills. Finally, the critical conceptual components of this program are discussed so that science educators interested in using this model can modify it to fit the individual resources and strengths of their particular setting.

Alabama↗
PubMed2002

Primary immunodeficiency studies at University of Alabama at Birmingham: continuing the search for genetic causes.

Over the past two decades the genetic bases for virtually all the well-characterized primary immunodeficiency syndromes have been identified. The investigation of rare, poorly differentiated immunodeficiencies is being hampered by a preoccupation of funding agencies with hypothesis-driven proposals that apply poorly in the case of individual patients. Recent studies at our institution in collaboration with groups at NIH have resulted in the identification of two separate kindreds bearing unique mutations in molecules affecting immune function and a chromosomal linkage in a third family. Thus, a potential solution to the funding problem for studies in primary immunodeficiency could lie in the centralization of investigative expertise and support, perhaps within the walls of the National Institutes of Health, as has been done with great success in Europe.

Alabama↗
PubMed2004

Insecticide resistance and cross-resistance in Alabama and Florida strains of Culex quinquefasciatus [correction].

Insecticide resistance and cross-resistance was determined for three strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say in the southeastern United States. HAmCq and MAmCq strains were collected in 2002 from Huntsville and Mobile, AL. The VBFmCq strain was collected in 1998 from Vero Beach, FL. VBFmCq, HAmCq, and MAmCq larvae showed resistance to permethrin with resistance ratios of 13, 100, and 940, respectively, compared with the susceptible S-Lab strain. Levels of resistance in HAmCq and MAmCq larvae were 200- and 830-fold to resmethrin and 4- and 70-fold to malathion, respectively. VBFmCq, HAmCq, and MAmCq strains all demonstrated a great ability to develop tolerance and/or cross-resistance to different insecticides, including deltamethrin (50-, 100-, and 300-fold), chlorpyrifos (150-, 33-, and 720-fold), fipronil (10-, 5-, and 15-fold), and imidacloprid (7.5-, 5- and 10-fold, respectively). Comparison of resistance ratios for pyrethroids, organophosphates, and imidacloprid at LC50 and LC90 and gradual slopes of dose-response curves indicated that VBFmCq, HAmCq, and MAmCq were heterozygous in response to these insecticides. All three strains showed high levels of susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) and spinosad, although these mosquitoes had been extensively exposed to Bti. Thus, we conclude that Bti and spinosad may be valuable for the management of Cx. quinquefasciatus, especially in situations where local strains are highly resistant to other insecticides.

Alabama↗
PubMed2006

The impact of cost on the availability of fruits and vegetables in the homes of schoolchildren in Birmingham, Alabama.

OBJECTIVES: Fruit and vegetable cost is a presumed barrier to intake. We sought to determine whether fruit and vegetable cost and consumers' race and income would predict availability of fruits and vegetables in homes of schoolchildren in the Birmingham, Ala, area. METHODS: Data on availability of 27 fruit and vegetable items were obtained from homes of 1355 children (32% African American) in the Birmingham area. Fruit and vegetable costs were obtained from the US Department of Agriculture. We used discrete choice analysis with the dependent variable represented as presence or absence of the fruit or vegetable item. Explanatory variables included fruit and vegetable price per serving; child's gender, race, and age; and parent's body mass index and income. RESULTS: Higher cost was inversely related to fruit and vegetable availability. Higher income, African American race, and female gender were positively related to availability. Cost per serving was stratified into 3 categories-low, medium, and high. Relative to low-cost items, only high-cost items decreased the odds of availability significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Fruit and vegetable cost does impact availability and has the greatest impact for high-cost items. Although cost was inversely related to availability, African Americans reported higher fruit and vegetable availability than Whites. Additional studies are needed to determine whether food items of lower nutritive value and comparable cost impact availability.

Black or African American↗