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Flash blindness.

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Adaptation, Ocular↗

Excyclotropia of the nonparetic eye in unilateral superior oblique muscle paralysis.

The Maddox double rod test showed subjective excyclotropia of the nonparetic eye in 15 of 60 patients with unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy. This response was reported consistently by patients who habitually fixated with the paretic eye. This phenomenon is the results of a monocular sensorial adaptation to the cyclodeviation by means of a reordering of the spatial response of retinal elements along new horizontal and vertical meridians. This study showed that the fixation preference must be determined to interpret correctly the results of the Maddox double rod test in patients with unilateral superior oblique muscle paralysis.

Afterimage↗

Direction-specific adaptation in area MT of the owl monkey.

Single neurons were recorded in owl monkey middle temporal visual cortex (MT). Directional neurons showed direction-selective adaptation to pattern motion: responses to motion in the preferred direction were reduced by adaptation to motion in the preferred direction and enhanced by adaptation in the opposite direction. Non-directional neurons did not show significant adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

Functional separation of global and local stereopsis investigated by cross-adaptation.

Reports that brain lesions may differentially affect global and local stereopsis suggest that anatomically separate mechanisms underlie these two functions. We demonstrate here that adaptation to global stereograms induces an after-effect on local stereopsis as well as on global stereopsis, showing that the two mechanisms cannot be entirely separate. We suggest that global stereopsis depends upon an interaction between primary visual area V1 and higher brain areas such as inferotemporal cortex.

Adolescent↗