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PubMed2026

A genome-wide assessment of the population structure of thirteen admixed and pure Australian beef cattle breeds.

Knowledge of population structure is a key factor for successful multi-breed genomic prediction, especially in single-step analysis when metafounders are considered. In Australia, current assessments mostly focus on single breeds using a single-step genomic prediction method. However, the effective integration of pedigree, phenotypic, and genomic data in a multi-breed framework still requires further research, especially for combined analyses including admixed and multi-breed populations. This study began with 602,952 genotyped individuals with 8K SNPs in common from 13 beef cattle breeds (Alexandria, Angus, Brahman, Brangus, Charolais, Droughtmaster, Hereford, Kynuna, Limousin, Santa Gertrudis, Shorthorn, Speckle Park, and Wagyu). Due to different numbers of animals being genotyped in each breed, a representative subset of animals was chosen by employing a validated sampling strategy using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) complemented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) within each breed. Subsequently, a specific number of animals in each cluster were randomly selected to capture the entire genetic diversity per breed, with a total of 260 animals from each breed. The first three principal components explained 59.89% of the total variation, with PC1 (33.54%) clearly separating Bos indicus from Bos taurus lineages. Admixture analysis identified stable ancestral components and defined the genetic makeup of both pure and composite populations. The results showed extensive genetic diversity in some breeds and highlighted distinct genetic differences between Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds. In addition, six composite breeds' admixture levels confirmed their origin and breed history, revealing a directional shift in ancestry proportions by a longitudinal increase in Brahman ancestry within tropical composites over time. Thus, the findings pave the way for more effective utilization of genetic diversity both within and across populations and provide a framework for designing multi-breed genetic evaluations and breeding programs to improve productivity and profitability in Australian beef production.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Assay of locus-specific genetic load implicates rare Toll-like receptor 4 mutations in meningococcal susceptibility.

As the central component of the human endotoxin sensor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) functions in the early detection and response to Gram-negative infection. We therefore examined a large collection of patients with meningococcal sepsis, comparing the frequency of rare TLR4 coding changes to those in an ethnically matched control population. TLR2 sequences were also acquired and compared. Total nucleotide variation at TLR4 and TLR2 loci was assayed by using a novel computational method. A total of 3.01 megabases of coding sequence was captured at these loci from white subjects with or without meningococcal disease. Authentic mutations were found and high-quality, bidirectional coverage was measured across the coding region by using mutationseeker, a program specifically designed to assay locus-specific genetic load. Using a method that obviates the confounding effect of linkage disequilibrium, we observed that rare heterozygous missense mutations of TLR4 contribute to the development of systemic meningococcal disease among white populations of the southern United Kingdom (P = 0.02; odds ratio 8.2). When results from all white populations were pooled, an overwhelmingly significant excess of such mutations was observed among individuals with disease (P = 2 x 10(-6); odds ratio 27.0). The common white TLR4 variant (TLR4B), synonymous TLR4 substitutions, and variant TLR2 alleles were not significantly over-represented among patients with systemic meningococcal infections. No single variant of TLR4 was significantly over-represented in the meningococcal population. Collectively, however, rare TLR4 coding variants were markedly over-represented. Sensing via TLR4 probably contributes to the early containment of meningococcal infection, and sensing defects create increased risk of disease.

Alleles↗
PubMed2005

Inheritance of resistance to Xylella fastidiosa within a Vitis rupestris x Vitis arizonica hybrid population.

The inheritance of resistance to Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), the bacterium which causes Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevines, was evaluated within a factorial mating design consisting of 16 full-sib families with resistance derived from Vitis arizonica interspecific hybrids. Measurements of disease progression under greenhouse conditions were based on quantitative assessment of Xf populations in stem tissues and on three phenotypic scores: leaf scorch, a cane maturation index (CMI) and an index that incorporated shoot stunting into the cane maturation index (CMSSI). Measurement of bacterial populations yielded the highest broad-sense heritability for resistance on a genotype mean basis (0.97), indicating that this measure of resistance was the least effected by environmental variation. Narrow-sense heritability of PD resistance was moderately high and measured 0.52, 0.60, 0.63 and 0.37 for Xf populations, CMI scores, CMSSI scores and leaf scorch values, respectively. Complex segregation analysis using the computer program Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (SAGE: ) strongly indicated the existence of a major gene for PD resistance, which accounted for 91% of the total genetic variance. Conversion of the quantitative data into qualitative resistance levels and evaluation via a chi-square analysis showed that 15 of the 16 families segregated in accordance with a single gene hypothesis with a dominant allele controlling PD resistance. These data indicate that the trait should be relatively easy to pass on from parents to progeny in a breeding program for the development of PD-resistant grape cultivars, particularly when selection is based on cane maturation scores or stem Xf populations.

Breeding↗
PubMed1997

DnaSP version 2.0: a novel software package for extensive molecular population genetics analysis.

MOTIVATION: Several methods in molecular population genetics have recently been described to estimate the amount and pattern of the DNA polymorphism in natural populations, and also to test the neutral theory of molecular evolution. These methods are essential for understanding the molecular evolutionary process. However, a comprehensive computer program for the analysis is not currently available. RESULTS: Here we present DnaSP (DNA Sequence Polymorphism) version 2.0, a software package for Windows that performs extensive population genetics analyses on DNA sequence data. DnaSP estimates several measures of DNA sequence variation within and between populations, linkage disequilibrium, recombination, gene flow and gene conversion (a new algorithm to detect gene conversion tracts has been included). DnaSP can also carry out several tests of neutrality: those of Fu and Li; Hudson, Kreitman and Aguadé; and Tajima. The results of the analyses are displayed in tabular and graphic form. AVAILABILITY: For academic uses, DnaSP is available via anonymous ftp: ftp.ebi.ac.uk in the directory/pub/software/dos.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Multiple interval mapping for quantitative trait loci.

A new statistical method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL), called multiple interval mapping (MIM), is presented. It uses multiple marker intervals simultaneously to fit multiple putative QTL directly in the model for mapping QTL. The MIM model is based on Cockerham's model for interpreting genetic parameters and the method of maximum likelihood for estimating genetic parameters. With the MIM approach, the precision and power of QTL mapping could be improved. Also, epistasis between QTL, genotypic values of individuals, and heritabilities of quantitative traits can be readily estimated and analyzed. Using the MIM model, a stepwise selection procedure with likelihood ratio test statistic as a criterion is proposed to identify QTL. This MIM method was applied to a mapping data set of radiata pine on three traits: brown cone number, tree diameter, and branch quality scores. Based on the MIM result, seven, six, and five QTL were detected for the three traits, respectively. The detected QTL individually contributed from approximately 1 to 27% of the total genetic variation. Significant epistasis between four pairs of QTL in two traits was detected, and the four pairs of QTL contributed approximately 10.38 and 14.14% of the total genetic variation. The asymptotic variances of QTL positions and effects were also provided to construct the confidence intervals. The estimated heritabilities were 0.5606, 0.5226, and 0. 3630 for the three traits, respectively. With the estimated QTL effects and positions, the best strategy of marker-assisted selection for trait improvement for a specific purpose and requirement can be explored. The MIM FORTRAN program is available on the worldwide web (http://www.stat.sinica.edu.tw/chkao/).

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2003

Theory and practice in quantitative genetics.

With the rapid advances in molecular biology, the near completion of the human genome, the development of appropriate statistical genetic methods and the availability of the necessary computing power, the identification of quantitative trait loci has now become a realistic prospect for quantitative geneticists. We briefly describe the theoretical biometrical foundations underlying quantitative genetics. These theoretical underpinnings are translated into mathematical equations that allow the assessment of the contribution of observed (using DNA samples) and unobserved (using known genetic relationships) genetic variation to population variance in quantitative traits. Several statistical models for quantitative genetic analyses are described, such as models for the classical twin design, multivariate and longitudinal genetic analyses, extended twin analyses, and linkage and association analyses. For each, we show how the theoretical biometrical model can be translated into algebraic equations that may be used to generate scripts for statistical genetic software packages, such as Mx, Lisrel, SOLAR, or MERLIN. For using the former program a web-library (available from http://www.psy.vu.nl/mxbib) has been developed of freely available scripts that can be used to conduct all genetic analyses described in this paper.

Genetic Linkage↗
PubMed2005

Molecular dissection of interspecific variation between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense (cotton) by a backcross-self approach: II. Fiber fineness.

A backcross-self population from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense was used to dissect the molecular basis of genetic variation governing two parameters reflecting lint fiber fineness and to compare the precision of these two measurements. By applying a detailed restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map to 3,662 BC(3)F(2) plants from 24 independently derived BC(3) families, we were able to detect 32 and nine quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fiber fineness and micronaire (MIC), respectively. The discovery of larger numbers of QTLs in this study than previously found in other studies based on F(2) populations grown in favorable environments reflects the ability of the backcross-self design to resolve smaller QTL effects. Although the two measurements differed dramatically in the number of QTLs detected, seven of the nine MIC QTLs were also associated with fiber fineness. This supports other data in suggesting that fiber fineness more accurately reflects the underlying physical properties of cotton fibers and, consequently, is a preferable trait for selection. "Negative transgression," with the majority of BC(3)F(2) families showing average phenotypes that were poorer than that of the inferior parent, suggests that many of the new gene combinations formed by interspecific hybridization are maladaptive and may contribute to the lack of progress in utilizing G. barbadense in conventional breeding programs to improve upland cotton.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Variations in cellular sensitivity to glucocorticoids: observations and mechanisms.

The spectrum of physiological, pathological, and genetic variations in sensitivity to glucocorticoids is reviewed. The receptor for these hormones is common to most mammalian tissues, and yet the responses are widely divergent. Although there may be differences in the receptors to account for some of this diversity, it is likely that it is largely due to cellular programming not involving the receptors. In addition to the intertissue differences in sensitivity, it is also clear that intra-tissue differences occur. The greatest amount of information has been accumulated with lymphoid cell systems and there are sensitivity differences to specific responses such as cell killing or effects on immunological functions. In these systems, there can be major variations in either the extent of the response (e. g., from mild growth inhibition to cellular killing) or whether any effect is observed. Further, dose requirements for certain responses can vary by several orders of magnitude. Within a given tissue there may be developmental changes in sensitivity that are not due to obvious changes in the receptor, and decreased sensitivity with aging that in some cases has been associated with changes in receptor binding activity. Finally, the cellular sensitivity can either be influenced by hormones and other factors that affect the ability of the glucocorticoid to elicit a particular response (in a synergistic or antagonistic manner), or the same function regulated by the glucocorticoid can be inducible by the steroid, appearing some time after administration of the steroid and disappearing after steroid removal. Genetic variations in sensitivity to glucocorticoids also occur. In humans these may be generalized, affecting glucocorticoid action in all responsive tissues, and could be important in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Perhaps the most striking genetic alterations, however, are observed in cultured lymphoid and fibroblastic cells and in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells ordinarily growth inhibited or killed by the glucocorticoid. Mutant cell lines arise that are highly resistant and most of these have abnormalities in the glucocorticoid receptor. In some cases binding activity is totally lost, easily expalining the resistance. In other cases, there is a more modest reduction in binding or a change in receptor properties that give it increased or decreased nuclear and DNA binding activity. An analysis of these cell lines suggests that many of the defects are in some receptor property presently not understood that makes the receptor ineffective rather than the defect being due to the quantitative changes in receptor levels detected. The frequency of emergence of steroid-resistant cells can vary widely from about 10(-5) in S49 cells to less than 10(-8) in certain thymic cell lines...

Animals↗
PubMed2002

No evidence for linkage of liability to autism to HOXA1 in a sample from the CPEA network.

A recent study by Ingram et al. [2000b: Teratology 62:393-405] suggests a (His)73(Arg) polymorphism (A:G) in HOXA1 contributes substantially to a liability for autism. Using 68 individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders, they found a significant dearth of G homozygotes and biased transmission of G alleles from parents to affected offspring, especially from mothers. Because the connection between HOXA1 and liability to autism is compelling, we attempted to replicate their finding using a larger, independent sample from the Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism (CPEA) network. In our data, genotype frequencies conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; allele transmissions meet Mendelian expectations; and there is no obvious sex-biased allele transmission. Based on our sample size, calculations suggest that we would have at least 95% power to detect linkage and association even if the A:G polymorphism were to account for only 1% of the heritability of autism. Therefore, although we cannot exclude the possibility that the samples in the two studies are intrinsically different, our data from our sample argue against a major role for HOXA1 (His)73(Arg) in liability to autism.

Asperger Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Mapping of genetic modulators of natural resistance to infection with Salmonella typhimurium in wild-derived mice.

Despite antibiotic therapy and vaccination programs, microbial diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The genetic basis of the host response to infection is complex, and its understanding has been facilitated through the study of mouse models of human infectious diseases. Genetic variation in resistance of mice to infection with Salmonella typhimurium has been recognized for over 50 years and shown to be a multifactorial trait. We have studied the genetic basis of resistance or susceptibility to infection with S. typhimurium in the wild-derived inbred mouse Mus musculus molossinus (MOLF/Ei). MOLF/Ei mice are extremely susceptible to infection with S. typhimurium despite the presence of resistance alleles at Nramp1 and Lps. To identify genes that modulate the expression of natural resistance or susceptibility to infection with S. typhimurium in MOLF/Ei, we have performed a genome-wide study using an F2 intercross between C56BL/6J and MOLF/Ei inbred mice. We have mapped three QTLs that significantly affect survival time following lethal infection with S. typhimurium. The Salmonella-resistant phenotype was linked to Nramp1 on proximal chromosome 1 (maximum lod score of 18.8 at D1Mcg4) and to a newly mapped region on mouse chromosome 11 (maximum lod score of 7.0 at D11Mit5). The third QTL conferred recessive susceptibility and was located on mouse chromosome 1, approximately 25 cM distal to Nramp1 (maximum lod score of 4.8 at D1Mit100).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Biological and molecular variability of Sarocladium oryzae, the sheath rot pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Sheath rot disease of rice caused by Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) (=Acrocylindrium oryzae, Sawada) has become an important production constraint in all rice-growing countries. Pathogenicity, phytotoxic metabolites, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the level of genetic variability of S. oryzae derived from rice cultivars, CR1018, IR36, and IR50, of different locations in North East and South India. Variability in pathogenicity, phytotoxic metabolite production, and DNA polymorphisms was detected among S. oryzae isolates. Results indicated that S. oryzae isolates produced both cerulenin and helvolic acid at concentrations 0.3-0.62 and 0.9-4.8 microg mL(-1) of culture filtrate, respectively. Isolates that produce higher concentration of helvolic acid induced a high percent incidence of sheath rot disease. Oligonucleotide primers, GF and MR, generated either a simple (up to 2 bands) or complex (up to 6 bands) RAPD pattern. According to their level of similarity, S. oryzae isolates from North East and South India were grouped separately into two major clusters and 13 genotypes. Molecular- and pathogenicity-based classifications were not correlated, but a high level of genetic variability within S. oryzae isolates was identified. The molecular variability of S. oryzae isolates will be an important consideration in breeding programs to develop durable resistance for sheath rot disease.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1976

Genetic variance in blood pressure.

The National Heart and Lung Institute Twin Study has examined 514 white adult male twin sets aged 42-56 with respect to blood pressure. The data were analyzed by a method of Christian et al. which eliminates possible biases in estimated genetic variances that could result from different total variances in MZ and DZ twins. Results of the test for the presence of genetic variance indicate that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are to a considerable extent genetically controlled with an estimated heritability of 0.8 for systolic and 0.6 for diastolic pressure. Although these findings are at variance with some previous reports, it is thought that much of the discrepancy results from application of different analytic techniques, not in the data themselves. The application of these findings to our understanding of hypertension epidemiology and community hypertension control programs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Genetic diversity of maize kernel starch-synthesis genes with SNAPs.

Measuring genetic diversity in populations of a crop species is very important for understanding the genetic structure of and subsequently improving the crop species by genetic manipulation. Single-nucleotide amplified polymorphisms (SNAPs) among and within maize populations of waxy, dent, and sweet corns at 25 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in 6 kernel starch-synthesis genes (sh2, bt2, su1, ae1, wx1, and sh1) were determined. Because of the intensive selection of some favorable alleles in starch-synthesis genes during the breeding process, and the resultant strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), the number of haplotypes in each population was far less than expected. Subsequent phenetic clustering analysis with the SNAPs indicated that the dent, waxy, and sweet corns formed distinct subclusters, except in a few incidences. LD was surveyed among SNAPs of intragenic, intergenic, and intrachromosomal SNPs in whole and subpopulations, which revealed that some SNAPs showed high LD with many other SNAPs, but some SNAPs showed low or no significant LD with others, depending on the subpopulation, indicating that these starch genes have undergone different selection in each subpopulation during the breeding process. Because the starch synthesis genes used in this study are important in maize breeding, the genetic diversity, LD, and accessions having rare SNAP alleles might be valuable in maize improvement programs.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Induction of differentiation in a B lymphoma X B lymphocyte hybrid line. II. Intraclonal heterogeneity in growth, secretion of IgM, and cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide.

Murine B lymphocyte clones have proven to be useful models to study aspects of B lymphocyte growth and development. It had been previously shown that induction of TH2.2 (B lymphoma X B lymphocyte) with LPS resulted in differentiation into IgM-secreting cells (a feature similar to other B cells lines such as BCL1), and secretion of granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. Many transformed and nontransformed lines (including TH2.2) have been shown to generate progeny heterogenous in size and secretion of product when exposed to mitogen. We extend this study to demonstrate heterogeneity in secretion of IgM, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-3, and IL-6 in LPS-induced TH2.2. Clones generated by limiting dilution were heterogenous with respect to size, type, and quantity of product secreted. Microscopic clones ranged from 10 to about 1000 cells in size and could not be grown further; the majority secreted one product (mainly IgM). These clones were very efficient secretors of IgM and probably consist mainly of terminal-secreting cells. Microscopic clones secreting cytokine were also efficient producers. Visible clones from LPS-induced cultures grew to the same size as uninduced clones and were often restricted in secretion of products. Although the majority secreted three of four products (52%), many secreted IgM only or IgM and one cytokine. Although there was a strong tendency for clones to secrete multiple products, almost every secretory phenotype could be found. Amounts of different products secreted were not correlated, suggesting an additional level of independent control of this variable. Restriction of secretion was not due to genetic variation because visible clones originally restricted in secretion almost always produced all products when expanded and retested. These findings indicate that cells of TH2.2 were heterogeneous with respect to growth and secretion in the presence of LPS and were individually programmed for differentiative responses. The programming of cells was not permanent, but subject to dynamic change.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Inherited susceptibility determines the distribution of dense low-density lipoprotein subfraction profiles in familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a heritable lipid disorder, in which dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profiles due to a predominance of small dense LDL particles are frequently observed. These small dense LDL particles are associated with cardiovascular disease. Using segregation analysis, we investigated to what extent these LDL subfraction profiles are genetically determined; also, the mode of inheritance was studied. Individual LDL subfraction profiles were determined by density gradient ultracentrifugation in 623 individuals of 40 well-defined Dutch FCH families. The individual LDL subfraction profile was defined as a quantitative trait by the continuous variable K, a reliable estimate of the relative contribution of each LDL subfraction to the overall profile. Variation in parameter K due to age, sex, and hormonal status was taken into account by introducing liability classes. Segregation analysis was performed by fitting a series of class D regressive models, implemented in the Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology (SAGE) program, after which genetic models were compared using log-likelihood ratio tests. Our data show that 60% of the variability of parameter K could be explained by lipid and lipoprotein levels and that a major autosomal locus, recessively inherited, with a population frequency of .42 +/- .07, and an additional polygenic component of .25 best explained the clustering of atherogenic dense LDL subfraction profiles in these FCH families. Therefore, dense LDL subfraction profiles, associated with elevated lipid levels, appear to have a genetic basis in FCH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Molecular epidemiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: WHO DiaMond Project. WHO DiaMond Molecular Epidemiology Sub-Project Group.

The WHO DiaMond Molecular IDDM Epidemiology Sub-Project is testing the hypothesis that population variation in the frequency of high-risk HLA-DQ alleles is a primary determinant of the global patterns of IDDM incidence. Data are currently available for 16 populations, and reveal significant variations in the frequencies of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles among the case and the control groups. However, DQA1 x Arg-(52) and DQB1 x non-Asp-57 (ND) were consistent and independent markers of IDDM susceptibility in all populations, except Japan. Individuals who carried only DQA1 x R and DQB1 x ND alleles had an IDDM risk similar to that observed for first degree relatives of affected individuals (3%-5%). Such information is essential for the development of clinical strategies or disease prevention approaches for the general population or individuals at high-risk. Thus, the DiaMond Molecular Epidemiology Sub-Project provides an excellent model that can be followed to assess the impact of new genetic discoveries on medicine and public health practice for diabetes and other chronic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Positional variations in germinal cell growth in pigment-chimeric eyes of Xenopus: posterior half of the developing eye studied in genetic chimerae and in computer simulations.

Growth of germinal cells at different angular positions within the posterior portion of the embryonic frog eye has been examined by orthotopically transplanting small groups of germinal cells from pigmented (stage 30-38) donor embryos into albino (stage 28-36) hosts and then serially photographing the polyclonal-cell progeny domain (typically a black sector) in the pigmented retinal epithelium of the living, growing eye. Far-ventral (6 o'clock) germinal cells formed a narrow sector along the ventral fissure, but ventral germinal cells at a position just posterior to the fissure (7 o'clock on a right eye) were seen to expand rapidly their angular territory on the germinal zone and formed huge sectors that widened toward the front of the older larval eye. Posterior (8, 9, and 10 o'clock) germinal cells were seen to shift their angular positions gradually toward dorsal and formed sectors that appeared to veer dorsalward nearing the front of the older eye. Dorsal (11 o'clock) germinal cells showed attenuative growth, forming sectors that narrowed approaching the front of the older eye. A simulation model of the growth dynamic was used to examine how expansive growth ventrally drives the positional variations in growth. When far-ventral germinal cells were programmed to retain the 6 o'clock position and ventral (7 o'clock) germinal cells were programmed to divide symmetrically at a high probability to produce two daughter germinal cells, not only were the observed ventral chimeric patterns simulated, but also simulated were the attenuative growth of dorsal transplants and the dorsal displacement and veering seen in the growth of posterior transplants.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of genetic variants of the heart fatty acid-binding protein gene on intramuscular fat and performance traits in pigs.

In order to find genetic markers to improve the meat quality of pigs by breeding we studied the relationship between variation in the heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene (FABP3) and intramuscular fat (IMF) content. To estimate the effect of H-FABP, pigs from two Duroc populations were selectively mated in such a way that at least two genotypes were present in each litter. In total, data from 983 pigs and pedigree information from three preceding generations were analyzed. Offspring were tested for IMF content as well as backfat thickness (BFT), BW, and drip loss of the meat (DRIP). All pigs were assigned to H-FABP RFLP genotype classes either by the assessed genotype (75%) or based on a probability score determined according to genotypic information of their relatives (25%). Contrasts were detected between homozygous H-FABP RFLP genotype classes for IMF content (.4%, P < .05), BFT (.6 mm, P < .01), and BW (2.4 kg, P < .10). No significant contrasts were detected for DRIP. Results for IMF content, BFT, and BW were confirmed when only genotyped animals were analyzed. Variation in BFT partially explained the effect on IMF content. Although other closely linked genes on porcine chromosome 6 might be responsible for the observed effect, interference of the halothane gene was excluded because all parental animals were noncarriers. In conclusion, H-FABP RFLP can be used as markers to select for increased IMF content and growth in breeding programs.

Adipose Tissue↗