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PubMed1991

Heterogeneity in expression of S100 beta mRNA in human melanoma and pleomorphic adenoma demonstrated by in situ hybridization.

S100 protein is a widely used immunohistochemical marker for identification of a number of tumors including malignant melanoma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. To extend the detection techniques for S100 protein to the level of its mRNA, sections of malignant melanoma and pleomorphic adenoma were hybridized in situ with a 35S-labeled anti-sense RNA probe complementary to the mRNA for the beta subunit of human S100 protein. Both tumors were labeled with the anti-sense RNA probe but not with a sense RNA probe. In addition, sections of normal and tumor tissues which were known not to express S100 protein on the basis of immunohistochemical studies were not labeled with the anti-sense RNA probe. These results established the specificity of the in situ hybridization technique for the detection of S100 protein mRNA. Although most of the tumor cells in both malignant melanoma and pleomorphic adenoma were labeled with the anti-sense RNA probe, unlabeled tumor cells were also present in their vicinity, suggesting there was a heterogeneity among the cells in both tumor types with respect to S100 protein mRNA expression.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1990

[Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma].

The metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands is a rare variant of pleomorphic adenoma with a benign microscopical appearance, but malignant biological behaviour and production of metastasis. The histopathological study with the routine techniques is not enough for disclosing the nature of these tumors and they are most of the times underdiagnosed as benign. The correct diagnosis, almost always too late, is evident after several recurrences and the detection of metastatic foci. The number of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) detected with the silver colloid method can be used in histopathology to determine the degree of cell activity. We report the findings in a case of metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland. This technique demonstrated to be useful for the diagnosis and characterization of the metabolism of these tumors.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rapid technique for the fluorescent location of pleomorphic adenoma cells in frozen sections of human salivary glands.

Both acinar cells and pleomorphic adenoma cells possess a cell surface protease, guanidinobenzoatase (GB) which can be located with a fluorescent probe for the active centre of this enzyme. We have developed a rapid, cheap, fluorescent technique for the differential location of pleomorphic adenoma cells and acinar cells in frozen sections of salivary glands. The fluorescence of other cells (which also possess GB) is selectively quenched, such that only the acinar and pleomorphic adenoma cells are visualised by fluorescent microscopy.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1989

[Immunohistochemical study in pleomorphic adenomas of human parotid gland--with special reference to cytoskeletal filamentous proteins].

The purpose of this immunohistochemical study was to know the degree and direction of differentiation, the mechanism of mesenchymal appearance, and histogenesis in pleomorphic adenomas which were obtained from surgical removed specimens. All specimens were fixed in 10% neutral phosphoate buffered formalin, and embedded in paraffin. Sections were steined with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method for keratin, vimentin, desmin and S-100 protein, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for lysozyme, and the direct immunoperoxidase method for IgA and secretory component. Normal salivary glands were employed as controls. 1. Solid portion of pleomorphic adenomas were consisted of the focal hypline cells and scattered the duct cell-like cells. The hyaline cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein, and the duct cell-like cells were positive for keratin. But one case was found the bundles of spindle-shaped cells which was similar to myoepithelial cells were positive for actin and another case was consisted of the focal duct cell-like cells were observed. 2. In the tubular portion, the duct-like structures were classified into three types. One type was mono-layered structure, another type was double-layered structure and the other type is duct-like structure in the solid portion. Any inner layer of the duct-like structure were positive for keratin. 3. Double-layered duct-like structures were most common type. Among the double-layered structures, hyaline cells mostly made up the outer layered structures. At times, the spindleshaped cells of the outer layer were found. This structures were similar to intercalated portion of normal salivary glands. In one case, inner and outer layer was consisted of keratin positive cells, but outer layer was steined for keratin stronger than inner. This structure was similar to excretory duct of normal salivary glands. 4. IgA and sc were seen at inner cells and in luminal accumulation of the duct-like structures. 5. In the myxoid regions, stellate cells or spindle cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein and partial positive for desmin. In the chondroid regions, chondrocyte-like cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein. These results seemed to suggest that pleomorphic adenomas were composed of duct cell-like cells and hyaline cells. Duct cell-like cells consisted of the duct-like structure in order to transport secretion which was similar to the duct of normal salivary glands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1984

The surgical approach to recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.

This is a retrospective study of 19 patients who were referred to the Department of Otolaryngology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. In the majority of patients, a superficial parotidectomy was performed as primary treatment. Recurrence of the tumour was either due to tumour implantation or inadequate surgical excision. Permanent facial paralysis occurred in three patients after revision parotidectomy. Change from pleomorphic adenoma at first operation to carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma (malignant mixed tumour) at the second was noted in three patients who are still alive and free of recurrent tumour. Eighteen out of the 19 patients did not have further recurrences after revision parotidectomy. The surgical principles in the prevention of tumour recurrence and revision parotidectomy are discussed.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1982

Localization of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein-related antigen in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and Ouchterlony's double diffusion for the presence of so-called nervous system-specific proteins, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and astroprotein. Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was observed in tumor cells of epithelial, myxomatous, and chondroid areas. An immunodiffusion test confirmed its presence in the tumor. Normal salivary glands were also stained with anti-S-100 serum, but the reaction was less intense than that of tumor. Specific immunostaining for GFAP and astroprotein was found in a small number of cells of myxomatous and chondroid areas and occasionally in cells in epithelial areas. An immunodiffusion test suggests that the GFAP-related antigen of the pleomorphic adenoma showing a minor heterogeneity of antigenic determinants is almost identical with GFAP. Normal salivary glands did not stain with GFAP or astroprotein antisera, nor did they react with anti-GFAP serum by immunodiffusion. Thus, the S-100 protein and GFAP-related antigen may be actively synthesized in adenoma cells during the course of tumor development. In addition, the GFAP-related antigen is considered to be a tumor-associated antigen of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1995

[A study on expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland].

Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was examined in 32 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland by means of an immunohistochemical method. While normal lacrimal glands were all negative for the antigen, EGF receptor was positive in 10 pleomorphic adenomas and the positive staining was mainly limited in the tumor cells in trabecular or duct-like arrangement or squamous metaplastic epithelium. These data suggest that the expression of EGF receptor be significantly higher in pleomorphic adenoma than in normal lacrimal gland, and also suggest that EGF receptor be expressed in the neoplastic cells which are considered to be of duct origin.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1994

Pleomorphic adenoma: effect of tumor spill and inadequate resection on tumor recurrence.

Intraoperative tumor spill or inadequate resection may be associated with an increase in the recurrence rate of pleomorphic adenoma. An attempt was made to determine the recurrence rate when such factors were identified at the time of operation. From 1970 through 1989, 17 cases were identified in which there was a question of intraoperative tumor spill or inadequate resection of a salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Patients were either observed or given postoperative irradiation with a mean follow-up of 7.4 years. The overall initial local recurrence rate was 24%, and all recurrences were successfully salvaged. Inadequate resection, particularly enucleation, was predictive of local recurrence, but tumor spill was not. Postoperative irradiation after inadequate resection appeared to decrease the probability of recurrence. We conclude that recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma is not increased by tumor spill as compared with inadequate resection.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1994

[The role of morphometry in the cytology of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands].

A morphometric analysis was performed on cytologic smears (FNAB) of 5 cases of pleomorphic adenoma that recurred after the first diagnosis and on 5 ordinary pleomorphic adenoma. The considered parameters were as follows: nuclear area, perimeter, maximum diameter, feret x, feret y, F shaped and D circle. A statistical analysis was performed between the two groups for all the considered parameters using a two-sided Student's t-test for independent samples. The test showed significant differences of the parameter nuclear area. The authors conclude that a morphometric assessment may bring a significant contribution in the knowledge and prediction of the outcome of pleomorphic adenoma.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1994

"Benign" metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. A case report and review of literature.

A case of a 34-year-old man with a pathologic fracture through a lytic lesion in the left glenoid is presented. The results of a needle biopsy of the lesion showed a benign pleomorphic adenoma. Sixteen years previously, the patient had a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. Histology of the initial tissue and the needle biopsy specimen were identical. The patient developed metastasis without any local recurrence of the initial tumor. When evaluating a patient with a lytic lesion of bone with a history of a benign pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland, a metastasis should be considered.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1994

[Pleomorphic parotid adenomas and their recurrence].

Even today, a wide variety of techniques are performed in parotid pleomorphic adenoma surgery, ranging from enucleation to total parotidectomy. This study reports the results of our experiences. Among a total of 587 surgically treated parotid lesions at the Homburg/Saar University ENT Department from 1968 through 1991, 205 were parotid pleomorphic adenomas. Among these, 166 patients received primary surgery at our department. Twenty-one enucleations led to 3 recurrent tumors (14%), while 108 superficial parotidectomies had 3 recurrences (2.8%). Fifteen extended superficial parotidectomies also produced 3 recurrences (20%) and 22 total parotidectomies had one recurrent case (4.5%). The overall recurrence rate was 6%, but increased to 8.3% in 5 years, 9.5% in 10 years and 12.5% in 15 years follow-up. The "true" overall recurrence rate after 10 years was estimated to be between 9.5 and 20% and that for lateral parotidectomies between 4.4 and 13%. Patients younger than 30 years of age at the time of primary surgery developed a tumor recurrence in 17% of all cases. The overall recurrence rate following secondary surgery was 13%. Clinical findings and surgical techniques for resections of pleomorphic adenomas and their recurrences are discussed. Segmental parotidectomy is the preferred treatment, but may have to be changed locally to enucleation in some cases in order to preserve the facial nerve.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1993

Fibronectin expression in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma.

The distribution of fibronectin in the normal and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland was investigated in forty cases of surgically resected tumor specimens. The immunoreactivity of fibronectin using polyclonal antibody (anti-fibronectin A2 45, Dakopatts, Denmark) was detected in the cytoplasm of intercalated duct cells and certain striated duct cells in normal salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenoma showed few fibronectin positive cells with a scattered or isolated distribution within the epithelial tumor elements of tubulo-ductal or solid foci of tumor cells. Modified myoepithelial cells and luminal cells of tubulo-ductal structures reacted strongly to fibronectin. In hyalinous, myxoid and chondroid areas, fibrillary myoepithelial cells expressed strongly positive reactivity but with diffuse staining in the myxoid and chondroid areas suggesting that fibronectin plays an important role in tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions to produce the complex histopathological features of pleomorphic adenoma.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1993

Large cyst formation in pleomorphic adenoma.

The aim of this study was to examine about the etiology of large cyst formation in pleomorphic adenoma from the histopathological standpoint by examining four cases of our own as well as previously reported ones. In the first of our cases, a large cyst wall lined with keratinized squamous epithelium was observed. In the second, a large cyst containing mucinous material was lined with a single cell layer of squamous epithelium-like cells. The third case was a carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma with some large cysts lined with multiple layers of atypical epithelial cells. In the fourth case, a hemorrhagic portion were seen on a large cyst wall without a lining of epithelial cells. From these histopathological observations and the suggestions of previous authors, we surmised that the large cyst formation in pleomorphic adenoma might originate from the squamous metaplasia of tumor cells and the enlargement of duct-like structures by outstanding secretion from tumor cells or salivary gland tissues, hemorrhagic portions, or necrosis in the malignant tumor.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1995

[Long-term results of total conservative parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma].

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the long-term results (10 and 15 years) achieved with total conservative parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the files of 127 patients with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland consecutively treated with a total conservative parotidectomy at our department from 1970 to 1985. Actuarial analysis (Kaplan Meier method) of survival and local recurrence, as well as overall estimation of immediate and definite postoperative facial paresis and paralysis was performed. RESULTS: Ten- and fifteen-year survival and local control estimations were 90.8% and 99.1%, respectively. Immediate and permanent facial paresis and paralysis overall estimates were 64.6% and 6.3% and 2.1% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Total conservative parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma results in a very high long term local control associated with a very low rate of facial dysfunction.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1996

[Development and results of surgical treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in 245 patients, 1974-1994].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of parotidectomy for pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland in 245 patients, 1974-1994. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Academic Medical Hospital, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD: Of all patients follow-up data were obtained by yearly physical diagnostic examination during 10 years, and by a questionnaire (1995) from the general practitioners involved. RESULTS: In the period 1974-1994, 246 primary surgical parotid procedures were performed on 245 patients for pleomorphic adenoma. The surgical procedures included: 131 'partial' and 61 'complete' superficial parotidectomies, 30 partial superficial/ deep lobe parotidectomies, 8 total parotidectomies, and 16 'selective' deep lobe parotidectomies. Eleven patients received postoperative radiotherapy for different reasons. The median follow-up was 95 months. Fourteen patients died without recurrent tumour. Two patients (0.8%) developed a local recurrence, both after total parotidectomy for a deep lobe tumour. None of the patients experienced permanent facial nerve paresis or paralysis. The incidence of auriculotemporal sweating for partial superficial parotidectomy proved to be 6.9% (9/I31) as compared with 13.1% (8/61) for complete superficial parotidectomy. In the later years, in the majority of patients, the posterior branch of the greater auricular nerve was preserved. CONCLUSION: In the hands of the experienced head and neck surgeon partial parotidectomy is an effective treatment for the great majority of pleomorphic adenomas: local recurrence is rare, while in general morbidity is minimal. Rarely there is a need for prolonged follow-up.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1997

Expression of reciprocal hybrid transcripts of HMGIC and FHIT in a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.

The developmentally regulated HMGIC gene, which encodes an architectural transcription factor, has recently been linked to the pathogenesis of benign solid tumors with chromosome aberrations involving 12q13-15. Among these tumors are pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands, lipoma, uterine leiomyoma, hamartomas of the breast and lung, fibroadenoma of the breast, angiomyxoma, and endometrial polyps. For most tumor types, however, the translocation partners are variable. At present, no translocation partner genes of HMGIC are known for pleomorphic adenomas. Here, we report that in a primary pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland, the FHIT gene, which spans the chromosome 3p14.2 fragile site FRA3B, and is frequently disrupted in tumors, acts as a fusion partner of HMGIC. In addition to normal HMGIC and FHIT transcripts, an HMGIC/FHIT hybrid transcript as well as its reciprocal counterpart, FHIT/HMGIC, were found to be expressed by reverse transcription-PCR. The results establish the concurrent disruption of two tumor-associated genes in a benign tumor.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunomorphological characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands.

The immunohistochemical profile of 23 pleomorphic adenomas and 7 normal salivary glands was studied. We used antisera to vimentin (V), desmin (D), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), prostate specific antigen (PSA), pancytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein. In the ducts and myoepithelial cells of normal salivary glands immunopositivity to most of the cytoskeletal proteins, EMA and CEA was observed. GFAP was localized only in cells of striated ducts. Major differences in the expression of various antigens among tubular structures, solid sheets, the myxoid and chondroid in the pleomorphic adenoma were encountered. Appearance of GFAP as a sign of stromal transformation into myxoid and chondroid was detected. Judging from these comparative immunohistochemical characteristics between normal salivary glands and pleomorphic adenomas, we assume that tumour cells originate from the reserve cells of intercalated and striated ducts.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗