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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Hypoglycemic activity of ginseng glycopeptide.

AIM: To study the hypoglycemic activity of ginseng glycopeptide (GGP). METHODS: Normal mice or rabbits and alloxan or streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats or mice were used in the study. Blood glucose and liver glycogen levels of the experimental animals during the trial period were analyzed by spectrophotometry with O-toluidine and iodine reagents, respectively. RESULTS: Significant decreases in blood glucose and liver glycogen levels were induced in a dose-dependent manner after administration of GGP 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg injected ip or sc to normal mice and injected im 30 or 60 mg/kg to normal rabbits. The hypoglycemic activity of GGP lasted for about 16 h, and were examined in both normal animals and hyperglycemic animals. CONCLUSION: GGP injection induced the pronounced decreases in blood glucose and liver glycogen levels in both normal and hyperglycemic animals.

Alloxan↗
PubMed2002

[Experimental study on the hypoglycemic effect of tangniaole capsule].

OBJECTIVE: To study on the hypoglycemic effect of Tangniaole Capsule. METHOD: The effects of Tangniaole Capsule were proved through experiments on both normal and diabetic animals. RESULTS: Tangniaole Capsule was able to decrease the blood-sugar content in normal mice and rats, heighten the level of serum insulin and the content of liver glycogen in normal rats, decrease the blood-sugar content and increase the content of liver glycogen in hyperglycemina rats induced by adrenalin, inhibit the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia of mice and rats and improve the glucose tolerance of rats. CONCLUSION: Tangniaole Capsule have obvious hypoglycemic effect.

Alloxan↗
PubMed2002

[Experimental studies of hypoglycemic action on total flavone of Ampelopsis grossedentata from Guangxi].

OBJECTIVE: To study hypoglycemic action of total flavone (GXTF) of Ampelopsis grossedentata from Guangxi by observing the effects of GXTF on blood glucose levels in many strain animal models. METHOD: The blood glucose levels in many strain animal models were determined after oral administration, with the models of diabetes induced by alloxan, of hyperglycemic mice induced by epinephrine and glucose, and normal mice. RESULT: GXTF had better therapeutical action on diabetes mice induced by alloxan, and could significantly lowered the blood glucose levels of hyperglycemic mice induced by epinephrine and glucose, but had no significant effects on blood glucose levels of normal mice. Acute toxicity test showed that the maximum oral dosage is 26.0 g.kg-1. CONCLUSION: GXTF has better hypoglycemic effect on many strain animal models and toxicity is vary small.

Ampelopsis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypoglycemic activity of derivatives of succinic acid amides and hydrazides].

A series of 20 substituted amides and hydrazides of succinic acid were synthesized and studied with respect to their action upon the blood glucose level in intact rats. The structure-activity relationship is considered. Substances exhibiting maximum hypoglycemic activity were additionally characterized by the acute toxicity and the hypoglycemic effect on the model of alloxan diabetes in rats. It was found that 4-aminobenzoyl hydrazide is more effective and less toxic than the reference compounds metformin and glyclazide.

Amides↗
PubMed1992

Bedtime intermediate-acting insulin in the treatment of secondary failure to oral hypoglycemic agents.

Low-dose bedtime insulin therapy in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) has become an alternative treatment for NIDDM subjects with secondary failure to OHA. To assess its clinical efficacy, patient compliance, and its possible side effects, 33 patients with secondary OHA failure were recruited in this study. All of the subjects had experienced poor glycemic control for at least six months on their maximal OHAs before the institution of the bedtime insulin injection. Monotard HM (human insulin zinc suspension) was given at an initial dose of 0.15-0.2 U/kg body weight and was adjusted thereafter. As a whole, low-dose bedtime insulin with OHAs improved glycemic control. According to the clinical response, 10 patients (30.3%) were graded as responders, 12 (36.4%) were partial responders, 10 (30.3%) were non-responders, and one (3%) discontinued insulin therapy. There was no difference in demographic features among these three groups of patients. During this period, eight (25%) cases experienced mild hypoglycemic symptoms. In conclusion, combination of OHAs with a low-dose bedtime insulin injection is an alternative therapy for NIDDM patients with OHA failure.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed2003

[Studies on physico-chemical properties and hypoglycemic activity of complex polysaccharide AMP-B from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz].

AIM: To isolate a complex polysaccharide (AMP-B) from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and study its phtsico-chemical properties and hypoglycemic activity. METHODS: The root of Atractylodes macrocephala K. was extracted with water and precipitated with ethanol, dialyzed against water and freeze-dried to get the crude polysaccharides (AMP). A complex polysaccharide (AMP-B) was isolated and purified on DEAE-cellulose column. The model of diabetes rats was established with alloxan injection through the tail vein. Male rats were divided into 5 groups: the normal group, the control group, and three AMP-B-fed groups. Measuring the blood glucose, water and food consumption, thymus and pancreas index, and studying cut sections of pancreas tissues. RESULTS: AMP-B is a complex-polysaccharide, elemental analysis of AMP-B shown C 32.84%, H 5.68%, and N 1.79%. The neutral polysaccharide content of AMP-B was 50.3%, uronic acid was 40.4%, and protein was 11.5%. Monosaccharide composition of AMP-B was determined by GC, AMP-B composed of Glc, Gal, Man, Ara and Rha in a molar ratio of 3.0:2.5:1.3:3.5:1.0. AMP-B was found to reduce blood glucose level in alloxan-diabetic rats markedly at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg.kg-1 by ig, but no effect in normal rat. AMP-B was found to decrease the consumption of water and food, recover pancreas damage of diabetic rats obviously, inhibited the atrophy of thymus and pancreas of the diabetic rats induced by alloxan. CONCLUSION: AMP-B showed significant hypoglycemic effect on the experimental hyperglycemias rats induced by alloxan.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Hypoglycemic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

AIM: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS) in the normal fasted mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Normal fasted mice were given a single dose of Gl-PS 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg by i.p. and the serum glucose was measured at 0, 3, and 6 h after administration. Gl-PS 100 mg/kg were also given by i.p. and the serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 0 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h. Pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with glucose 5.6 mmol/L and different concentration of Gl-PS, the insulin content of islets and insulin release were examined. The islets fluorescent intensity of [Ca2+]i was also studied with a confocal microscope. Verapamil and egtazic acid were used to testify whether the insulin-releasing effect of Gl-PS was mediated by its ability to raise the Ca2+ influx. RESULTS: Gl-PS dose-dependently lowered the serum glucose levels at 3 h and 6 h after administration. Gl-PS 100 mg/kg raised the circulating insulin levels at 1 h after administration. In vitro, Gl-PS had no effect on islets insulin content, but it stimulated the insulin release after incubation with glucose 5.6 mmol/L. Confocal microscope showed that Gl-PS 100 mg/L had the capacity to raise the [Ca2+]i. The insulin-releasing effect of Gl-PS was inhibited by verapamil/egtazic acid. CONCLUSION: Gl-PS possesses the hypoglycemic effect on normal mice; one mechanism is through its insulin-releasing activity due to a facilitation of Ca2+ inflow to the pancreatic beta cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The combination metformin/glyburide exerts its hypoglycemic effect mainly by increasing insulin secretion: a controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study.

The aim of the present study was to describe the mechanism by which the combination glyburide/metformin exerts its additive hypoglycemic effects. This is a double-blind, randomized and crossover clinical trial. Patients (n = 20) were included in a run-in period of 8 weeks in which an isocaloric diet was prescribed. If they did not achieve the treatment goals (n = 15), they received glyburide, metformin or combined treatment for 10 weeks each using three possible sequences. The dosage was adjusted to reach fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 7.7 mmol/l. Treatment periods were separated by a 6-12 week washout period. At the beginning and the end of every treatment, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were measured by means of a minimal model and an oral glucose tolerance test. All treatment periods were completed by 12 cases. The glycemic goal was reached in 1 case during metformin, in 5 during glyburide and in 10 during the combination. The greatest reduction in HbA1c was achieved during the combination (HbA1c 11 +/- 1.6 vs 9.8 +/- 1.9 vs 9.0 +/- 2.1% for metformin, glyburide and the combination, p < 0.001). Increased insulin secretion was the explanation for the additive effects of the combination (percentual change in acute insulin response during the minimal model = 5.8 vs 51.5 vs 88.2% for metformin, glyburide and the combination, p < 0.05). No change in insulin sensitivity resulted from the treatments. In conclusion, the additive hypoglycemic effects of the combination glyburide/metformin was caused by increased insulin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Hypoglycemic effects of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium administered by different routes upon diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the hypoglycemic effects of bis(maltolato) oxovanadium (IV) (BMOV) after administration on diabetic rats by different routines, and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Diabetic rats were created by intraperitoneal administration of Alloxan. BMOV was administered by single intraperitoneal injection, oral gavage, subcutaneous injection, bolus intravenous injection, or slow bolus intravenous injection(7-8 min). Plasma glucose levels were determined with blood glucose assay kits using the glucose oxidase method, while the plasma insulin concentrations were monitored by the insulin assay kits using Radioimmunoasssay (RIA) method. RESULTS: Plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased after administration of BMOV by all routes except intravenous injection. Food and fluid intake by the diabetic rats were also reduced. There was no significant increase in plasma insulin concentration. CONCLUSION: BMOV administered by oral gavage, subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection has obvious effect of decreasing plasma glucose levels on diabetic rats, and the hypoglycemic effect of BMOV was not achieved by increasing the plasma insulin concentration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

A study of hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Aegle marmelos in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

The present study was performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaves (AML) on diabetic rats. Male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: Control; Group II: Diabetic rats; and Group III: Diabetic rats administered AML. Glucose, urea and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in plasma, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes were estimated in all the groups at the end of four weeks. There was a decrease in blood glucose at the end of four weeks in group III animals compared with group II, however it did not reach the control levels. There was an increase in erythrocyte GSH and a decrease in MDA in group III as compared to group II. The plasma GST levels were raised in diabetic rats when compared to controls. In the group III animals, there was a decrease in GST as compared to group II. Owing to hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, AML may be useful in the long-term management of diabetes.

Aegle↗
PubMed2005

Hypoglycemic potencies of crude ethanolic extracts of cashew roots and unripe pawpaw fruits in guinea pigs and rats.

Adult guinea pigs and albino rats were given 2 mg/100 g-body weight of crude ethanolic extract of cashew root or pawpaw fruits, thereafter, tail blood films were collected to monitor postprandial glucose levels, thereafter, animals were thereafter maintained at 2 mg/ 100 g-body weight of extract 3 times daily for seven days. Organ body weight ratios and biochemical parameters in the plasma were determined. The crude ethanolic extract of cashew root and pawpaw fruits showed hypoglycemic potencies, however, the crude ethanolic extract of cashew roots showed more hypoglycemic potency than the crude extract of pawpaw fruits in both guinea pigs and rats. The ethanolic extracts reduced both plasma glucose as well as cholesterol and total lipids but showed no effect on plasma protein; pawpaw extract reduced glucose, liver glycogen, cholesterol and total lipid in guinea pigs from 46.50 +/- 3.50-14.30 +/- 0.29 (mg/dl), 5.51 +/- 1.5-1.52 +/- 0.50 (g/100 g); 189.09 +/- 5.91-162.50 +/- 2.95 (mg/dl); 705.00 +/- 46.06-630.00 +/- 15.06 (mg/dl), respectively; while in rats reductions were from 53.3 +/- 3.50- 32.25 +/- 3.25 (mg/dl), 4.28 +/- 0.50-2.3 +/- 0.78 (g/100 g); 203.85 +/- 2.95-171.23 +/- 5.78 (mg/dl) and 855.00 +/- 45.0-645.00 +/- 30.0 (mg/dl), respectively. Cashew extract reduced the same parameters in guinea pig from 46.50 +/- 3.50-7.00 +/- 0.10 (mg/dl); 5.51 +/- 1.5-0.15 +/- 0.50 (g/100 g); 189.09 +/- 5.91-162.50 +/- 0.04 (mg/dl) and 705.00 +/- 45.06-562.50 +/- 52.5 5.91-162.50 +/- 0.04 (mg/dl) and 705.00 +/- 45.06-562.50 +/- 52.5 (mg/dl). The reduction in rats were from 53.5 +/- 3.50-10.75 +/- 3.75 (mg/dl); 4.28 +/- 0.50-0.18 +/- 0.30 (g/100 g); 203.85 +/- 2.95-162.50 +/- 8.06 (mg/dl) and 855.00 +/- 45.0-557.50 +/- 37.5 (mg/dl), respectively. The work concludes that ethanolic extract of cashew root and pawpaw fruit contains natural substances that can be harnessed for the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus.

Anacardium↗
PubMed2005

[The hypoglycemic effects of crude polysaccharides extract from Momordica charantia in mice].

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the hypoglycemic effects of crude polysaccharides extract from Momordica charantia in normal and diabetic mice. METHODS: Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 24 normal mice, CPS was orally administered in experiment group at 1 g/kg BW. 80 diabetic mice (type 1 and type 2 diabetic model) were divided into two groups randomly, CPS was administered at ad lib and fasted condition in experiment group at 1 g/kg BW, blood glucose was measured at different time. RESULTS: In normal mice, after administered glucose (3g/kgBW) the blood glucose level of experiment group at 0.5, 1 h was significantly lower than that of control group (16.4% and 16.5% lower than control group respectively, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). In diabetic mice, the fasted and ad lib blood glucose after administering CPS orally 2h, 4h were lower than that of control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: CPS can improve OGTT in normal mice, and has significant hypoglycemic effect in two types diabetic mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental study of the hypoglycemic effect of some antidiabetic plants.

The purpose of this work is to look for the hypoglycemic effect of 12 plants most used in Mexico for controlling diabetes mellitus. The studies were realized in 27 rabbits submitted weekly to glucose tolerance tests after gastric administration of water, tolbutamide or a preparation of the plant. The results showed that tolbutamide and studied plants (except Aloe barbadensis) decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) the area under glucose tolerance curve, in relation with the water control. The strongest effect was yielded by Psacalium peltatum (27.9%), followed by Curcubita ficifolia (26.4%), Lepechinia caulescens (26.0%), Opuntia streptacantha (21.4%), Slanum verbascifolum (21.1%), Teucrium cubense (19.4%), Cecropia obtusifolia (18.9%), Phaseolus vulgaris (18.5%), Tecoma stans (17.5%), Eriobotrya japonica (17.2%), Salpianthus macrodonthus (15.0%), tolbutamide (14.3%), and Aloe barbadensis (1.4%). Our results point out that the majority of the plants most used by the Mexican population to control diabetes mellitus have an evident hypoglycemic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Acute oral hypoglycemic ingestions.

We reviewed the poison center records of 48 consecutive reports of oral hypoglycemic exposure reported to the Rush Poison Control Center between January 1988 and December 1989. The average age of ingestion was 15.0 y (range 1 to 75 y). Twenty-three of the patients (48%) were male, while 25 (52%) were female. Twenty-nine patients ingested glyburide, 10 chlorpropamide, 6 glipizide, 2 tolbutamide, and 1 each for tolazamide and phenformin. One patient ingested both glyburide and tolbutamide. Sixteen cases (33%) involved coingestants. Accidental cause was the primary reason for ingestion in 33 cases (69%) with suicidal intent being mentioned in an additional 11 cases (23%). Thirteen patients (27%) were treated and released from a health care facility, while the same percentage of patients were admitted. There was no adverse effect in 24 patients (50%) while 9 patients (19%) had minor effects without residual disability. Only 2 patients (4%) experienced a major effect. No deaths were reported. We conclude that oral hypoglycemic ingestions generally have a successful outcome and there does not appear to be a significant difference whether a short/long acting agent or first/second-generation product was ingested.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Studies on antidiabetic agents. Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of 5-[4-(pyridylalkoxy)benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones.

The synthesis of a series of 5-[4-(pyridylalkoxy)benzyl]-2, 4-thiazolidinediones is described. These compounds were evaluated for hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in genetically obese and diabetic mice, yellow KK. 2-(2-Pyridyl)alkoxy derivatives were found to have much better hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities than 2-(3-pyridyl)- and 2-(4-pyridyl)alkoxy derivatives or even the previously reported compound, ciglitazone. The introduction of a hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the ethoxy chain potentiated the activities. Among the potent compounds, pioglitazone (AD-4833) was selected as a candidate compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Syndrome of chronic overdose of insulin and hypoglycemic sulfanilamide drugs].

Clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment of the syndrome of chronic overdosage of insulin and hypoglycemic sulpha drugs are discussed. The typical features of this syndrome were found not only in type I and II diabetes mellitus patients who were treated with insulin but also in those who were given large dosages of hypoglycemic sulpha drugs. Treatment of this syndrome has been recommended.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1988

[Hyponatremia induced by hypoglycemic sulfonamides: a study of 70 patients].

Sodium plasma level was followed every three months in 70 non insulin dependent diabetic patients; 112 prescriptions were performed. Five different oral hypoglycemic drugs were used but patients were taken no more than one drug in the same time. 21% of prescription were associated with a low sodium plasma level but it was beneath 129 meq in only 8% of them; a low sodium plasma level was observed with every oral hypoglycemic agent; when the drug was interrupted a normal sodium plasma level was restored; when patients were put under another agent, hyponatremia did not recidive. 67% of patients were free of any symptom. Interference with biological parameters, age of the patients, duration of diabetes and other therapy are studied.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and search for anticonvulsive and hypoglycemic properties of novel 5-benzylidene derivatives of 3-o-chloro- and 3-o-methylbenzoyl-2-thiohydantoin.

14 new benzylidene derivatives of 3-o-chloro- and 3-o-methylbenzoyl-2 thio hydantoin were synthesized. Their chemical structure was confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-14 were tested for their anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic activity. Their toxicity was low and they showed only weak activity in tests for anticonvulsive and hypoglycemic properties.

Animals↗