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PubMed2003

Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Bar area of Montenegro (Yugoslavia).

The species and ecology of sandflies present in the coastal district of Bar, which lies in Montenegro, an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), were investigated in 1996-1999. A mean of 10 cases of VL and a greater number of viral infections (some of which are attributed to pathogens transmitted by sandflies) are diagnosed each year in this district. Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi, P. neglectus and Sergentomyia minuta were collected, P. perfiliewi being recorded for the first time in Montenegro. The ecology and distribution of each of these five species are described and their role, if any, in the transmission of Leishmania to humans is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

War-related psychological sequelae among emergency department patients in the former Republic of Yugoslavia.

BACKGROUND: Residents of the Republic of Serbia faced civil war and a NATO-led bombing campaign in 1999. We sought to assess the burden of metal health dysfunction among emergency department (ED) patients presenting for care three years post-war in Serbia. METHODS: This study was conducted during July and August 2002 at two sites: a university hospital ED in Belgrade, Serbia and an ED in a remote district hospital serving a Serbian enclave in Laplje Selo, Kosovo. Investigators collected data on a systematic sample of non-acute patients presenting to the ED. All respondents completed a structured questionnaire assessing demographics and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), and major depression (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). RESULTS: A total of 562 respondents participated (310 in Belgrade, 252 in Laplje Selo); the response rate was 83.8%, 43% were female, and mean age was 37.6 years (SD = 13.4). Overall, 73 (13.0%) participants had symptoms consistent with PTSD, and 272 (49.2%) had symptoms consistent with depression. Sixty-six respondents had both disorders (11.9%). In separate multivariable logistic regression models, predictors of PTSD were refugee status and residence in Laplje Selo, and predictors of depression were older age, current unemployment, and lower social support. CONCLUSIONS: Three years post-war, symptoms of PTSD and major depression in Serbia remained a significant public health concern, particularly among refugees, those suffering subsequent economic instability, and persons living in rural, remote areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Past pregnancy outcomes among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter in Kosovo, Yugoslavia.

This analysis compares the rates of spontaneous abortion among women living in the vicinity of a lead smelter with those of women living in a town where blood lead levels were low. Data derive from the obstetric histories of both groups of women obtained while seeking prenatal care for a later pregnancy. A total of 639 women (304 exposed, 335 unexposed) had at least one previous pregnancy and lived at the same address since their first pregnancy. The geometric mean blood lead concentrations in the sample at the time of the interviews were 0.77 mumol/L in the exposed town and 0.25 mumol/L in the unexposed town. The rates of spontaneous abortions in first pregnancies were similar, with 16.4 percent of women in the exposed town and 14.0 percent in the unexposed town reporting loss. The adjusted odds ratio relating town of residence to spontaneous abortion was 1.1 (95% CI = 0.9, 1.4). This analysis represents the first systematic attempt to seek an association between environmental lead exposure and spontaneous abortion. As such, the failure to find a positive association strongly suggests that at the levels of exposure represented in our sample, such an association does not exist.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic renal failure in children in Yugoslavia].

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyse the demographic variables of chronic non-terminal (CRF) and terminal (TRF) renal failure patients (pts) younger than 19 years treated in Serbia in June 2001. The prevalence of CRF pts was registered as 4.7 per million total population (pmtp) or 14.1 per million child population (pmcp) while corresponding values for TRF pts were 4.5 pmtp or 13.5 pmcp. The incidence of TRF pts during the period Jan. 2000-Jan. 2002 was 4.35 pmcp. Boys dominated only among CRF pts (34:14); 60.4% being between the ages of 6 and 19 yrs while at the time of diagnosis of HBI, 33.3% of boys were yanger than 2 yrs. The causes of CRF were: reflux nephropathy 58.3%, congenital kidney disease 16.7%, familial/hereditary 14.6%, glomerulonephritis 6.2% and Willms tu 4.1%. Reflux nephropathy was also the most common underlying disease of TRF accounted for 36.9% of total cases, while glomerulonephritis was responsible for 23.9%. Reflux nephropathy was associated with neural tube defect in 53.3% and with congenital lower urinary tract obstruction in 66.7%. The most of CRF (81.25%) and TRF pts (95.6%) were from Serbia, the others were from Monte Negro and Republic Srpska. The most of CRF (65%) and TRF (80%) pts were treated in University Children's Hospital in Belgrade. Of CRF pts 46% had serum creatinine 100-200 mumol/l, in 11% of pts it was 400-600 mumol/l and 2% of pts were in pre-terminal CRF. One third of CRF pts had proteinuria 150-500 mg/l, and second third had proteinuria greater of 1000 mg/l. Anemia was present in 54% of CRf pts, and arterial hypertension in 56%. Hemodialysis was dominant treatment modality for TRF pts and only 23.9% had functioning transplant. CONCLUSION: This is the first national study of demographic characteristics of pediatric CRF in Serbia. Since its prevalence is considerably lower than that in Western and North European countries the true prevalence is some what higher. The increasing incidence of pediatric TRF from 2.85 pmcp to 4.35 pmcp reflect better diagnosis and treatment of these patients in the recent years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Beta-thalassemia in Yugoslavia.

This study concerned the evaluation of beta-thalassemia alleles in nearly 50 patients with beta-thalassemia major and in 130 -thalassemia heterozygotes using gene amplification and dot-blot hybridization with synthetic probes. Fourteen different mutations were observed; of these, three (IVS-I-110; IVS-I-6; IVS-I-1) account for some 75% of all beta-thalassemia alleles. Newly discovered variants, i.e. T----C in the initiation codon and AATAAA----AATGAA in the poly A site were observed in a few patients. The poly A mutation with classical beta-thalassemia alleles result in thalassemia intermedia. Hb Lepore is a rather common abnormality and combinations of this variant with beta-thalassemia often result in severe disease; a search for beta-thalassemia mutations among patients affected with this disease should include an analysis to detect this hemoglobin abnormality.

Alleles↗
PubMed1984

Functional electrical stimulation in external control of motor activity and movements of paralysed extremities. Research and clinical practice and applied technology in Yugoslavia.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been described as electrical stimulation of muscle deprived of nervous control with a view to providing muscular contraction and producing a functionally useful movement. It is used in the rehabilitation of neurological and locomotor disorders. Its effects can be explained in a number of ways: (a) as a functional reorganization of the interneuron system, (b) the formation of alternative pathways, and (c) changes in the morphology of cells of the central nervous system. The results of research and development are presented.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗