[The gastric and extragastric visceral lymphography].
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Administration, Oral↗
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[Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation--experience with 9 cases].
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Aged↗
Screening of bitterness-suppressing agents for quinine: the use of molecularly imprinted polymers.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the possibility of using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to screen for bitterness-suppressing agents. Quinine was selected as the bitter substance standard. L-arginine (L-Arg), L-ornithine (L-Orn), L-lysine (L-Lys), and L-citrulline (L-Ctr) were tested as bitterness suppressant candidates. In a high-performance liquid chromatography study using a uniformly sized MIP for cinchonidine, which has a very similar structure to quinine, the retention factor (k) of quinine was significantly shortened by the addition of L-Arg or L-Orn to the mobile phase, whereas slight or no decrease was observed when L-Ctr and L-Lys were added. The abilities of these amino acids to decrease the k of quinine were ranked in the following order: L-Arg = (L-Orn >(L-Ctr >>(L-Lys. A linear relationship between the reciprocal of k and the concentration of the amino acids indicated a single competitive model at a single site. The magnitude of the association constants obtained seemed to be directly related to the inhibitory effect of the test substances on the affinity of quinine for the receptor site. Nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling studies suggested a one-to-two hydrogen-bonding-based complex formation of one quinine molecule with two methacrylic acid molecules (Q-2MAA) in chloroform. In the molecular modeling studies, the N--N distance of the quinine molecule in the assumed Q-2MAA complex was calculated to be 5.12 angstroms, similar to the N - N distances of the two amino acid complexes (L-Arg-2MAA, L-Orn-2MAA), which were 4.84 and 5.30 angstroms, respectively. This suggests that L-Arg and L-Orn may compete with the quinine molecule in the cinchonidine-imprinted space. Finally, the results of human gustatory sensation tests correlated well with the MIP data. The proposed method using MIPs seems to have a potential for screening bitterness-suppressing agents for quinine.
Arginine↗
Culture of cells derived from the human sebaceous gland under serum-free conditions without a biological feeder layer or specific matrices.
We succeeded in serially culturing cells derived from human sebaceous gland (sebocytes) under serum-free conditions. Sebaceous glands were isolated from dispase-treated facial skin specimens and cultured using two different methods, explant culture and dispersed cell culture, in KGM. In both types of culture the sebocytes proliferated rapidly without a biological feeder layer or specific matrices. It was possible to cultivate the cells serially for at least three passages (explant culture) and six passages (dispersed cell culture), and to store the cells in liquid nitrogen with good recovery. Analytical thin-layer chromatography revealed that the cells synthesized a large amount of sebum-specific lipids, squalene and wax esters in vitro. Both testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone significantly stimulated the proliferation of the sebocytes. The methods presented here may permit a large series of studies on the function of sebaceous glands or cells derived from sebaceous glands.
Cell Culture Techniques↗
Measurement of glycated albumin by the nitroblue tetrazolium colorimetric method.
A method has been developed for the measurement of glycated albumin (albumin-fructosamine) by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) colorimetric method. In this method, polyethylene glycol was added to the serum and then the mixture was centrifuged to separate globulin proteins from albumin proteins. This made it possible to measure the glycated albumin in the supernatant by the NBT colorimetric method, without the interference of globulin proteins. This measurement method correlated with the measurement of glycated albumin using boronate affinity chromatography with an r value of 0.942 (P < 0.001). Our method using polyethylene glycol permits easy measurement of albumin fructosamine and is therefore useful as an index of diabetic control and for diabetic screening.
Chromatography, Affinity↗
Synthesis of poly(L-lactide) end-capped with lactose residue.
The synthesis of poly(L-lactide) (polyLA) end-capped with lactose residue was studied from the standpoint of development of a new bioabsorbable material. After the hydroxyl group of t-butoxycarbonyl(Boc)-aminoethanol was converted to Boc-aminoethanol-OK by using potassium/naphthalene, L-lactide was polymerized in tetrahydrofuran using Boc-aminoethanol-OK as an initiator at room temperature to prepare polyLA-NHBoc. Subsequently, the removal of the Boc group in terminal Boc-aminoethanol residue was performed by treatment of formic acid to obtain the amino group end-capped polyLA (polyLA-NH(2)) as a reactive polyLA derivative. The coupling reactions of lactose with polyLA-NH(2) were investigated by two methods; the synthetic method through reductive amination of lactose with polyLA-NH(2) in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent did not give high degree of substitution of end-capped lactose residue per polyLA molecule, whereas the synthetic method through the ester interchange reaction of lactonolactone with polyLA-NH(2) gave Lac-polyLA perfectly end-capped with lactose residue.
Amination↗
Preliminary investigation of the supply of chemical species to an aqueous solution using a hydrogen-oxygen flame.
A new method of supplying radical species to aqueous solutions using a hydrogen-oxygen flame is investigated. When a hydrogen-oxygen flame is directed on the surface of an aqueous solution, hydroxyl radicals (*OH) produced in the flame are extracted into the aqueous phase. The presence of *OH in the aqueous solution was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance with spin trapping using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide. The extraction of *OH into the aqueous solution was monitored using a quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The effects of the hydrogen and oxygen gas flow rates, hydrogen/oxygen ratio, and atmosphere on H2O2 formation were studied. When the hydrogen-oxygen flame blew on a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.7) under an Ar atmosphere, the concentration of H2O2 increased with the blowing time of the flame and the flow rate of hydrogen gas. Under air, nitrate and nitrite ions were formed in the aqueous phase in addition to H2O2, and the H2O2 concentration was lower than that under argon. The application of this new method to an aqueous solution of Cu(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) caused a remarkable decrease in the concentration of Cu(II)-EDTA and total organic carbon.
Edetic Acid↗
Lariatins, antimycobacterial peptides produced by Rhodococcus sp. K01-B0171, have a lasso structure.
Two antimycobacterial agents, lariatins A and B, were isolated from the culture broth of Rhodococcus sp. K01-B0171. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and advanced protein chemical methods to be unique cyclic peptides, which consist of 18 and 20 L-amino acid residues with an internal linkage between the gamma-carboxyl group of Glu8 and the alpha-amino group of Gly1. The three-dimensional structure of lariatin A deduced from NMR data by dynamical simulated annealing method indicates that the tail segment (Trp9-Pro18) passes through the ring segment (Gly1-Glu8) to form a 'lasso' structure.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Development of reference procedures for broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts with standardized endpoint determination.
Standard guidelines for the broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, miconazole and itraconazole are reported. These are a modification of the method developed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) on the following two points: standardization of the means of endpoint determination and the inclusion of miconazole and itraconazole in the testing. MIC was determined to be when the positive control had a turbidity of 0.2 at the 630 nm wavelength. The endpoint was 80% inhibition for azoles and 100% inhibition for other drugs. The method provided good reproducibility, and a wide range of MIC distribution was observed in all antifungal agents except amphotericin B.
Antifungal Agents↗
Total and split renal function assessed by ultrasound Doppler techniques.
We evaluated total and split renal functions from the pattern for renal arterial blood flow detected by ultrasound Doppler in healthy subjects and patients with varying degrees of renal function and disorders other than renovascular hypertension or severe aortic valvular disease. A renal-time pulsed ultrasonic echo-Doppler device at 2.5 MHz was used with a translumbar approach. The ratio of peak diastolic (D) to systolic (S) velocity correlated well with both p-aminohippurate clearance and creatinine clearance. Acceleration time was correlated with the clearance of neither compound. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound Doppler in the assessment of split renal function, we compared the D/S ratio with the renal function obtained by radionuclide methods for individuals. The split renal glomerular filtration rate, calculated by a method which makes use of the early renal uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriam-inepentaacetic acid, correlated well with the D/S ratio. These results indicate that the ultrasonic measurement of renal arterial blood flow by the pulsed Doppler method should be useful for assessment of total and split renal functions.
Adolescent↗
Studies on gastric antiulcer active agents. II. Synthesis of tetrazole alkanamides and related compounds.
A series of tetrazole alkanamides was synthesized and tested for antiulcer activity against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. These compounds were prepared by the reaction of tetrazole alkanoic acids and various amines by the mixed anhydride method or acid chloride method. Among them, 3-[(1-ethyl-5-tetrazolyl)methylthio]propionamide (IIn) was found to have the most potent activity. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Animals↗
A new applicator utilizing distributed electrodes for hyperthermia: a theoretical approach.
We propose a new type of applicator for hyperthermia namely a Distributed Electrodes Applicator. Many electrodes are fixed on boli below which the patient is placed. A set of RF with optimized amplitudes and phases is supplied to the electrodes so as to minimize the ratio of SAR (specific absorption rate) in the fat layers to that in the central region of the patient. SAR patterns in a heated material were calculated using two-dimensional finite element method, and the results showed that the proposed applicator can heat the deep portions of the patient without excessive heating of the fat layers.
Electrodes↗
The Influence of DSA Examinations on Patient-absorbed Doses.
An exposure measurement experiment was performed to obtain frontal DSA, lateral DSA and fluoroscopic absorbed doses. In addition, the proportion of each dose to the total absorbed dose was obtained to estimate which influenced the patient-absorbed dose the most among the three in diagnostic DSA examinations for the head and neck. Three correlation coefficients were obtained to evaluate the relationship between any two doses. As a result, the following four findings were obtained: 1. The mean proportion of each absorbed dose reached a high value in the order of frontal DSA absorbed dose > lateral DSA absorbed dose > fluoroscopic absorbed dose. 2. A strongly negative correlation between the proportions of frontal DSA absorbed dose and fluoroscopic absorbed dose was observed (r = -0.864, P < 0.01). Also, a slightly negative correlation between the proportions of lateral DSA absorbed dose and fluoroscopic absorbed dose was observed (r = -0.375, P < 0.01). However, no correlation between the proportions of frontal DSA absorbed dose and lateral DSA absorbed dose was observed (r = -0.143, P > 0.05). 3. The patient-absorbed doses, which were different from those of IVR examinations, were confirmed to be largely influenced by DSA radiographic doses. 4. The best method for the reduction of patient-absorbed doses was considered to be minimization of the frame number in DSA radiography required for diagnosis.
Journal Article↗
[Chemoradiation therapy for stage IV pancreatic cancer].
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. It frequently presents with locally advanced and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Favorable results were obtained by performing intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and chemotherapy (administration of GEM) for the treatment of inoperable pancreatic cancer. A study was conducted on its efficacy as an adjuvant therapy for inoperable and advanced pancreatic cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between May 1998 and December 2002, 40 patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer were treated at our institution. The study comprised background factors, adjuvant therapy and survival rate. RESULTS: According to the treatment modality, the study population was classified into four groups: group A, consisting of 3 patients with localized unresectable tumors who had been treated with IORT: group B, 5 patients who underwent curative resection of primary tumor combined with IORT: group C, 6 patients who were administered GEM combined with IORT: group D, 26 patients not falling into groups A, B or C. The mean survival for group A, B, C and D was 10.3 months, 6.7 months, 16.8 months and 9.4 months, respectively. The 1-year survival rates were 0%, 0%, 80.0% and 19.3%, respectively. The mean survival and the 1-year survival rate were significantly better in group C than in the other groups. In group C, the tumor decreased in size, invasion of large vessels and pancreatic posterior evolution was suppressed, and 4 patients survived for 17 months or more. CONCLUSIONS: Prolongation of the survival period was shown by concomitant IORT and administration of GEM for inoperable advanced pancreatic cancer. Thus, attempting to combine chemotherapy with IORT and giving additional consideration to the administration method was shown to provide adjuvant therapy that can be expected to be effective against stage IV inoperable pancreatic cancer.
Adult↗
[Osseointegrated implants in clinical dentistry. Surgical procedure].
Osseointegrated implant was developed by Professor Brånemark at the University of Göteborg, Sweden (1965). Implant are made from pure titanium (Ti 99.75%, others 0.25%), which are installed into the jaw bone using an osseointegrated method by leaving the fixtures unloaded and isolated for a period of 3 to 4 months in lower jaw bone and for a period of 5 to 6 months in upper jaw bone of totally edentuleus patients. The clinical procedure that produces osseointegration is performed in 2 major treatment stage due to being minimized tissue trauma. The fixture are fitted with a series of screw using abutment and prosthetic appliance. Osseointegrated implant placed within the 15 years of the study demonstrated a 91% success in the lower jaw and a 81% success in the upper jaw. We have experienced 30 clinical cases of osseointegrated implant since 1984 and then the clinical use of osseointegrated method give all our patients very satisfactory results. Pre-operative examination (including X-ray findings), surgical technique, clinical cases so on will be reported.
Bone Screws↗
[Experience in seven cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy].
We have experienced 7 cases of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors during the past two years since our department opened in July, 1992. In four cases, the tumors were clinically diagnosed preoperatively as primary aldosteronism and in the other three cases as endocrine-inactive tumors. Four tumors were found on the left adrenal and three on the right. Five tumors were successfully resected with laparoscopic surgery, but in the other two cases it was immediately followed by open surgery because of an uncontrollable hemorrhage. Laparoscopically unresected tumors existed, one on the right and the other on the left adrenal. The average operation time for laparoscopic adrenalectomy was twice as much as that of open adrenalectomy previously performed. However, the operation time has been recently shortened to be less than 200 minutes. Hemorrhage during the operation was rather less in laparoscopic surgeries if they were successfully done. Postoperative recovery was found to be much faster and the hospital stay was shortened by more than 10 days in patients operated with a laparoscope. These findings indicate that laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a minimally invasive operation that can increase the QOL's of the patient. Although we consider that this operation may propagate as a method for adrenalectomy in future, it must be performed with a careful backup system in the case of an emergency.
Adenoma↗
[Evaluation of inferior epigastric arterial graft from the aspect of angiography].
We evaluated inferior epigastric artery (IEA) from the aspect of preoperative and postoperative grafts angiography. Between January 1994 and february 1995, we could perform preoperative and postoperative graft-angiography for 12 patients in 27 patients who were undergone CABG using IEA graft. They were 7 males and 5 females. The age ranged from 56 to 76 years (mean, 66.2 years). We used 12 IEAs, 8 LITAs, 7 RGEAs and 2 RITAs as artrial grafts. We measured the diameter of arterial grafts in each angiography. The preoperative diameter of IEA was measured at three points; the proximal part (Prox), center (Cent) and bifurcation (Bif). The postoperative diameter of IEA was measured at two points; the proximal part of composite graft (Prox) and the distal part (Dist). The preoperative grafts diameters were IEA-Prox = 2.01 +/- 0.40 mm, IEA-Cent = 1.75 +/- 0.39 mm, IEA-Bif = 1.32 +/- 0.29 mm, LITA-Prox = 2.40 +/- 0.25 mm, LITA-Cent = 2.00 +/- 0.24 mm, LITA-Bif = 1.64 +/- 0.22 mm, RGEA-Prox = 2.72 +/- 0.49 mm, and RGEA-Cent = 2.29 +/- 0.34 mm. RGEA was the largest, the second was RITA, the third was LITA and IEA was the smallest of the four. The diameter of IEA-Prox was almost equal to LITA-Cent. The postoperative grafts diameter were IEA-Prox = 1.85 +/- 0.37 mm, IEA-Dist = 1.67 +/- 0.38 mm, LITA-Prox 2.57 +/- 0.11 mm, LITA-before Y = 2.01 +/- 0.22 mm, LITA-after Y = 1.83 +/- 0.14 mm, RGEA-Prox = 2.70 +/- 0.55 mm and RGEA-Dist = 0.53 mm. RGEA was the largest and RGEA-Dist = 2.34 +/- 0.53 mm. RGEA was the largest and IEA was the smallest. The diameter of LITA was not significantly different between before-Y and after-Y. We conclude in view of the graft diameter, LITA-IEA Y composite graft is the best method for CABG using IEA but IEA graft should be used only to myocardial revascularization to the coronary lesion that does not require high blood flow.
Aged↗
New sandwich ELISA for human urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzyme B as a useful clinical test.
We have developed a new ELISA for quantifying N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzyme B in human urine after raising monoclonal antibodies against the isoenzyme from human placenta. Though the obtained antibodies reacted not only to isoenzyme B but also to A, we could detect isoenzyme B selectively by a two-step sandwich ELISA with a pair of selected antibodies at low pH in the first reaction. The detected limit was 0.5 microgram/L for a sample volume of 25 microL. Within-run CVs ranged from 2.5% to 5.4% and between-run CVs ranged from 6.2% to 9.1%. Recoveries of NAG isoenzyme B added to each of three urine samples ranged from 91% to 114%. The dilution curves of urine samples showed good linearity. The cross-reactivity of NAG isoenzyme A was practically negligible (2-3%). The mean value for NAG isoenzyme B in spot urines from healthy adults was 2.9 micrograms/g creatinine. This ELISA method is rapid and precise enough for routine determination of NAG isoenzyme B in human urine.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗