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At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Dynamic changes in traction forces with DC electric field in osteoblast-like cells.

Primary bovine osteoblasts and human osteosarcoma cells exposed to direct-current electric fields undergo processes of retraction and elongation ultimately resulting in the realignment of the long cellular axis perpendicular to the electric field. The time taken for this reorientation was inversely correlated to field strength within a certain range. Cellular force output during reorientation was analyzed using a simple modification of traction force microscopy. The first detectable reaction was an increase in average traction force magnitude occurring between 10 and 30 seconds of electric field exposure. In the following 2 to 15 minutes traction forces at margins tangential to the electric field decreased below their initial values. Phase-contrast microscopy revealed elongating protrusions at these margins several minutes later. We could not correlate the initial traction changes with any change in intracellular free calcium levels measured using the fluorescent dye Fura-2 AM.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2006

Comparative study of descendent colon rupture resistance considering traction force of rupture and total energy of rupture in rats.

PURPOSE: To compare total energy of rupture and traction force of rupture tests within a rupture resistance study of descendent colon of rats. METHODS: Twelve descendent colon segments of rats were considered to perform the study. For each one of the specimens, total energy of rupture and traction force of rupture necessary to promote colic wall burst were evaluated through the biomechanical total energy of rupture test using the Biomechanical Data Acquisition and Analysis System, version 2.0. Average, standard deviation, standard error of average and coefficient of variation were considered for analysis of results. RESULTS: Traction force of rupture average, standard deviation, standard error of average and coefficient of variation were 380.05 gf, 98.74, 28.5 e 25.98%, respectively while total energy of rupture presented average of 244.85 gf, standard deviation of 57.76, standard error of average of 16.67 and coefficient of variation of 23.59. CONCLUSION: Although, total energy of rupture considered a larger number of attributes to its calculation related to non-linear viscoelastic materials, such as colic wall, it presented a smaller coefficient of variation when compared to traction force of rupture, thus demonstrating to constitute a possible parameter to analyze intestinal resistance of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction syndrome].

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics of the vitreomacular traction syndrome and to evaluate the results of vitreous surgery for this syndrome. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 5 consecutive symptomatic eyes with vitreomacular traction syndrome, which underwent vitrectomy and posterior hyaloid stripping. RESULTS: Intraoperative observation confirmed partial posterior vitreous separation. After surgery visual acuity improved in four eyes and remained in one eye. All eyes were followed for at least 3 months. Complications of vitreous surgery included progression of nuclear sclerosis (3 eyes) and retinal rupture (1 eye). CONCLUSION: Vitreomacular traction syndrome can produce visual deficit. Vitrectomy surgery to release macular traction allows resolution of macular cystoid changes and improvement of visual acuity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paramacular Von Hippel angioma with tractional macular detachment.

A rare case of paramacular angioma with tractional macular detachment that was managed successfully with laser, followed by surgical intervention with good visual outcome, is presented. A 23-year-old female patient with paramacular Von Hippel angioma was treated with argon laser photocoagulation. Three-months following photocoagulation, vitrectomy with epiretinal tractional membrane removal was attempted successfully. Visual acuity improved from a preoperative level of 20/200 to 20/50 at the 6 months postoperative period. No recurrence of epiretinal membrane or exudation was observed during the follow-up period. Photocoagulation, followed by surgical intervention for removal of epiretinal traction membranes, resulted in relieving the tractional macular detachment and recovering useful visual acuity in paramacular Von Hippel angioma.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Analysis of the effect of surgical management on vitreomacular traction syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of vitreous surgery for the patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome. METHODS: The 16 consecutive patients (16 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction syndrome during July 1998 and January 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Vitreomacular traction was released successfully after vitrectomy, a better visual acuity was obtained in 10 eyes, the number of patients whose visual acuity was below 0.1 was increased from 6 to 8. In 5 cases with the visual acuity was 0.02 or worse before surgery, however their visual acuity was improved in some degree. Complications of vitreous surgery included iatrogenic macular hole (2 eyes), postoperative cataract in (1 eye), partial-thickness macular hole (1 eye), and macular pucker (1 eye), both of last two complications was demonstrated three months later. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy can relieve macular traction, improve visual acuity and prevent a further decease of visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traction sutures in a tracheostomy using a ligature passer.

1. A history of tracheostomy is reported, indicating the relatively recent use of traction sutures. 2. The indications for a tracheostomy are listed. 3. The complications of a tracheostomy are mentioned briefly with emphasis on tube displacement and how this provides the rationale for the use of traction sutures. 4. The technique of placement of the traction sutures with the use of a new instrument, the ligature passer, is described. 4. An illustrative case is reported to demonstrate the significance of traction sutures.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of retinal pigment epithelial cell-induced tractional retinal detachment by disintegrins, a group of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides from viper venom.

PURPOSE: Integrin-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment plays an important role in vitreous contraction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Disintegrins, a group of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides from viper venom, are potential anti-adhesion agents that interfere with integrin-ECM binding. This study was performed to determine whether disintegrins were effective in inhibiting RPE cell-induced matrix attachment in vitro and tractional retinal detachment in a rabbit model in vivo. METHODS: Two disintegrins, echistatin from viper Echis carinatus and flavoridin from Trimeresurus flavoviridis, were used. The expression of integrins on the surface of bovine and rabbit RPE cells was examined by indirect immunofluorescent stain with specific anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies. The inhibitory effect of disintegrins on RPE cell-mediated ECM attachment and vitreous contraction was evaluated with cell adhesion and vitreous contraction assays. In the in vivo model, rabbit eyes were injected intravitreously with either homologous rabbit RPE cells alone or together with disintegrins to induce tractional retinal detachment. The cytotoxic effect of disintegrins was examined with a cell proliferation assay using the alamar blue method. Retinal toxicity of disintegrins was evaluated with electroretinograms and histologic examination of the rabbit eyes. RESULTS: Bovine and rabbit RPE cells showed the positive staining for the integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 on cell surface. Disintegrins, echistatin, and flavoridin inhibited RPE cell attachment to the ECM. The potency of disintegrins was 150 to 300 times higher than that of Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide. The disintegrins also inhibited RPE cell-induced vitreous contraction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the GRGDS peptide had no effect. In the in vivo experiment, echistatin (50 microgram/ml) or flavoridin (80 microgram/ml) significantly inhibited RPE cell-induced tractional retinal detachment compared with the control group at week 2 (P< 0.05) and week 4 (P< 0.01) after surgery. Disintegrins were nontoxic to RPE cells and rabbit retina as evaluated by cytotoxicity tests, electroretinograms, and histologic examinations. CONCLUSIONS: The disintegrins were effective in inhibiting RPE cell attachment to the ECM and vitreous contraction in vitro. They also were effective in suppressing RPE cell-induced tractional retinal detachment in the rabbit eyes. They were nontoxic. Disintegrins and their analogs might be potential anti-adhesion therapeutic agents in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

[A study on the extraoral cervical traction in the treatment of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion in mixed dentition].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of extraoral cervical traction on skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion of early or late mixed dentition and discuss the optimal treatment timing. METHODS: The sample consisted of two groups of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion. One group with 11 cases was treated started in early mixed dentition while the other with 15 cases in late mixed dentition. All cases were treated with extraoral cervical traction headgear. Cephalometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the treatment effects. Student's t test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: SNA, ANB and the length of maxilla (A-Ptm) were reduced and the inclination of maxillary incisor was decreased in both two groups. When comparing the two groups, it was found that the reduction of SNA was more notable, which means the inhibition of the maxilla was more evident in late mixed dentition. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference on the distalization of the first upper molar between two groups (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The extraoral cervical traction might be more effective in late mixed dentition to restrain maxillary growth in the treatment of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Dentition, Mixed↗
PubMed2000

The effect of static traction and orthoses in the treatment of knee contractures in preschool children with juvenile chronic arthritis: a single-subject design.

OBJECTIVE: External applied devices are sometimes used in the treatment of persistent knee contractures in juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). This study examined the effect of static night traction and orthoses on passive and active extension range of motion (ROM) in preschool children with JCA. METHOD: A single-subject design was used, comparing the outcome of periods without intervention (A) with that of periods with intervention in the form of traction and orthoses (B). Five patients, 3 girls and 2 boys, participated. Active and passive extension ROM was measured weekly. The data were examined by visual inspection of trend, slope, and mean level in each period. RESULTS: Greater improvement in both active and passive extension ROM was seen in the B periods than in the A periods. The intervention was not observed to have any negative effects on the children. CONCLUSION: Static night traction may be a useful supplement to physiotherapy and medication to reduce knee flexion contractures in small children with JCA. The effect of the orthoses was difficult to evaluate because they were used for an insufficient time.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1995

[A holographic study to demonstrate the initial displacements of a macerated human skull under the influence of the orthodontic force from headgear with traction in different directions].

The phenomena of maxillary displacement and the subsequent growth modifications which result from the application of orthopedic headgear traction are very complex and not yet completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate with the help of holographic interferometry the influence of the headgear's differing traction directions on the initial bone displacement in the maxillary complex. 560 g high, straight, and low pull headgear traction exerted above, through, and below the center of resistance of the upper first permanent molars was simulated on a macerated human skull and skeletal changes were recorded by laser holography as they occurred. On the basis of the frontal and lateral holograms thus obtained, the initial displacement of the maxilla, zygoma, and zygomatic arch in both horizontal and vertical planes was evaluated. Substantial displacements in various parts of the studied structures, displacements such as bending, relative deformation, rotation, and translation, were detected, and, further, the direction of this complex displacement often deviated from the direction of the influencing force. The results obtained by this study indicate that the initial 3-dimensional skeletal displacements brought about by the headgear are very complex. The clinical implication is that they do not always correspond with the direction intended by the force applied.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Why are we still using pre-operative skin traction for hip fractures?

We performed a prospective randomised trial to evaluate the efficacy of pre-operative skin traction for proximal femoral fractures in 311 patients. We found a significant difference in pain score on the evening of admission and the first morning after admission between the groups with traction compared the group without. However, there was no corresponding increase in analgesic requirement during this period. The peak pain score pattern also was different in our population. No other objective benefit can be shown from using skin traction, and its routine use should be abandoned.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The value of preliminary overhead traction in the closed management of DDH.

We aimed to discover whether there is a difference in incidence of growth disturbances of the proximal femoral epiphysis and final results in two similar groups of children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) treated with (107 hips) and without (48 hips) overhead traction. The only variable between the groups was the use of preliminary traction. All children were followed up until at least the age of 14 years. Pre-reduction traction should be used among children treated non-operatively for DDH who are older than one year of age and/or have high-dislocated hips. In cases that are diagnosed late, this treatment would reduce the risk of severe growth disturbances and increase the probability of a favourable long-term outcome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

The efficacy of lumbar traction in the management of patients with low back pain.

The literature on the efficacy of traction in the treatment of low back pain (LBP) is conflicting. The aim of this study was to examine its efficacy in this disorder. Forty-two patients with at least 6 weeks of nonspecific LBP were selected. Demographic data were obtained. All patients completed the Oswestry disability index (ODI) to assess disability and the 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) for evaluation of pain. Subjects were randomly assigned into group 1, receiving only standard physical therapy, or group 2, receiving standard physical therapy with conventional lumbar traction. Standard physical therapy consisted of local heat, ultrasound for the lumbar region, and an active exercise program, given for ten sessions in all. The subjects received instruction on correct posture and recommended therapeutic exercises. They were reevaluated at the end of treatment and at 3-month follow-up. The mean outcome measures were global improvement and satisfaction with the therapy, as well as disability by ODI and pain by VAS. There were no group differences in terms of demographic and baseline clinical characteristics. There was a significant reduction in pain intensity and disability at the end of treatment in both groups. There was complete or mild improvement in 47.6% of group 1 and 40% of group 2. The satisfaction rate with both treatments was more than 70% immediately after the therapies. During the 3-month period, the outcome measures except disability remained statistically stable, with no difference amongst groups. Disability was significantly reduced at follow-up in both groups. Of the patients, 51% continued with the recommended exercises and had significantly lower disability scores than those who did not continue with the exercises. Pain and global improvement were also better in this group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, no specific effect of traction on standard physical therapy was observed in our study group. We suggest focusing on back education and exercise therapy in the management of patients suffering from this chronic condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Research on the effectiveness of intermittent cervical traction therapy, using short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials.

Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were measured before and after intermittent cervical traction therapy to serve as objective indicators of therapy effectiveness. The subjects were 29 patients with myelopathy, 23 with cervical radiculopathy, 28 with cervical sprain, and 26 healthy individuals. SSEPs were recorded by stimulating the median nerve, and the negative potentials elicited from the brachial plexus (N9), neck (N11, lcN13, ucN13), and somatosensory area (N18) were measured to determine interpeak latencies and then corrected latency. As to the changes in SSEPs following traction, the N11-lcN13 and lcN13-ucN13 interpeak latencies for patients with type I and II myelopathy decreased, and the severity of myelopathy was inversely related to the degree of decrease. The ucN13-N18 interpeak latency for some patients with severe myelopathy increased. The N9-N11 and N11-lcN13 interpeak latencies for patients with cervical radiculopathy decreased, and the ucN13-N18 for patients with cervical sprain accompanied by autonomic nervous symptoms also decreased. Traction therapy might improve conduction disturbance primarily by increasing the amount of blood flow from the nerve roots to the spinal parenchyma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Traction--a surgical/orthodontic procedure.

Maxillary crowding may cause failure of eruption of the canine. The teeth so displaced are directed buccally or palatally. In both cases, surgical intervention is indicated after space has been made in the arch. Palatally displaced canines are treated by surgical excision of palatal mucosa to promote eruption. Wide excision is indicated to prevent the healing process from covering the exposed tooth crown. Because of the anatomy of the buccal mucosa, however, surgical excision of the crowns of buccally displaced canine frequently results in periodontal problems. An alternative technique is therefore presented; this involves the surgical exposure of the crowns of buccally displaced teeth to allow the attachment of a wire traction hook. The crown is then recovered. The traction hook provides a point of attachment, so that orthodontic forces may be applied to the unerupted tooth to guide its eruption. The preservation of the mucosal flap ensures a normal epithelial attachment develops on the buccal surface of the tooth, and the normal gingival anatomy of the buccal mucosa is maintained. The procedure may also be used in cases where upper incisors have been prevented from erupting because of the presence of supernumerary teeth. Even after surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth, the permanent incisors often fail to erupt. In such cases, the placement of traction hooks will enable the orthodontist to bring the unerupted teeth into their correct positions in the arch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Autotraction versus passive traction: an open controlled study in lumbar disc herniation.

Autotraction (AT) is a treatment for low-back pain syndrome of benign etiology that uses a specially designed traction table divided into two movable sections. While lying on the table, the pelvis secured, the patient controls the traction forces by grasping and pulling the bars at the head of the table. There are controls for the therapist to apply, through movable sections of the table, rotation and bending forces to help restore mobility to the lumbar spine without inducing pain. The present study is based upon a randomized treatment trial comparing conventional passive traction (PT) to AT. The following outcome indicators were used: (1) subjective response concerning overall improvement, (2) pain intensity (visual analog scale, 0-100), (3) qualitative pain severity (McGill Pain Questionnaire, short-form, 0-45), and (4) pain related disability (Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Score, 0-100). The favorable response to AT was 75% (30 of the 40 patients) versus the 22% (6 of 27 patients) to PT (p < 0.001). After 3 months, 19 of the 30 responders to AT (63%) reported continued improvement. In these patients, pain ratings remained stable and the disability scores decreased to 0 to 23% of the pretreatment value (median and mean respectively, p < 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Closed femoral fractures: why not simple traction?

A study was conducted to evaluate the result of treating closed fractures of the femoral shaft by simple traction in a busy General Hospital with a view to reducing some of te complications experienced in conventional traction splintage devices and to obtaining early discharge from hospital. Functional bracing was used when possible for fractures in the middle of the shaft. Over a two-year-period 45 patients were studied. The preliminary findings indicate that simple skeletal traction applied to fractures of the shaft of the femur gives satisfactory results, reduces the complications of conventional management in a Thomas's splint and shortens the time in hospital. Supplementary functional bracing applied between the fourth and seventh weeks allows this earlier discharge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fractures of the metatarsals: management of complicated injuries with a simple traction system.

A simple method of skeletal traction is described to facilitate management of complicated multiple fractures of the metatarsals following crush injuries of the foot. The system uses Brock's pins and a modified Nissen loop to achieve either balanced traction or fixed traction. Satisfactory alignment of the fractures can be maintained whilst soft tissue disorders are dealt with.

Fractures, Bone↗