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PubMed1999

Short root anomaly in families and its association with other dental anomalies.

In the present study, we collected a family series with short root anomaly in order to analyze the inheritance pattern of the condition. Another aim was to identify in these families an association with other dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis, peg-shaped lateral incisors, supernumeraries, ectopia, and such morphological characteristics as invaginations, taurodontism, and a tendency to root resorption. Mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the affected teeth were measured in order to reveal any association with reduction or increase in tooth size. The apparent genetic heterogeneity of the pedigrees did not permit definitive conclusions as to the mode of inheritance. Autosomal dominant transmission of short root anomaly was seen in 3/8 families. In 2/8 families, the condition was seen in siblings but not in parents. An association with tooth agenesis and ectopic canines was noted, the prevalences of which were 46% and 33%, respectively. We stress the importance of not misdiagnosing this anomaly as resorption.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1999

Clinical problems associated with unusual cases of talon cusp.

CASE REPORT: Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly manifested as an accessory cusp-like structure on the crown of anterior teeth. This report describes two unusual cases of talon cusp. Case 1 showed bilateral anomalous cusps on the palatal aspects of maxillary supernumerary teeth, causing premature contact and tooth impaction. In case 2, a double-fused talon cusp was projected from the palatal surface of a large geminated central incisor. A talon cusp is not an innocuous defect, as it may provide a substantial diagnostic, treatment planning and procedural challenge. Early diagnosis and management are important to avoid complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Facial talon cusps.

This is a report of two patients with isolated facial talon cusps. One occurred on a permanent mandibular central incisor; the other on a permanent maxillary canine. The locations of these talon cusps suggests that the definition of a talon cusp include teeth in addition to the incisor group and be extended to include the facial aspect of teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Malocclusion, dental injuries and dental anomalies in the primary dentition of Belgian children.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion, dental injuries and dental anomalies in a sample of 3-5-year-old Belgian children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of 3-5-year-olds attending kindergartens in the municipality of Leuven, Belgium. METHODS: A total of 750 boys and girls participated in the study. The children were examined at the University School Health Centre in connection with their obligatory medical check-up. The clinical examination was performed by one examiner using generally accepted criteria for these oral conditions. RESULTS: 10.1% of the examined children had posterior cross-bite whereas over-bite was seen in only 2.0% of the sample. Open-bite was detected in 32.0% of the studied population. Boys showed a tendency for a higher frequency of malocclusions than girls. Traumatic injuries were identified in 18.0% of children. These were almost entirely restricted to maxillary incisors. Crown fractures were responsible for 42% of all injuries. The following dental anomalies were seen: six cases of supernumerary teeth, three cases of hypodontia, five cases of double teeth and one case of conical maxillary lateral incisor. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the importance of early detection of these oral conditions in order to permit effective and long-term planning, according to the child's individual requirements.

Belgium↗
PubMed2000

Multiple dental anomalies in a young patient: a case report.

This case illustrates the management of multiple dental anomalies in a young patient, which included anomalies of number and morphology. Although individually these anomalies are not uncommon, the combination is unusual and highlights the importance of careful clinical and radiographic examination of patients with dental anomalies.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Variations in number and morphology of permanent teeth in 7-year-old Swedish children.

OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of numerical and morphological variations of permanent teeth in Swedish 7-year-olds and to accept or reject the hypothesis of a higher prevalence for these conditions in northern Sweden compared to other areas. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Department of Odontology/Pedodontics, Umeå University, Sweden. SAMPLE AND METHODS: A total of 739 healthy Caucasian 7-year-olds residing in the city of Umeå, northern Sweden in 1976. The children were examined clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypodontia (excluding third molars) in girls was 8.4%, in boys 6.5%, and in both sexes combined 7.4%. Of the children with hypodontia, the majority (90.9%) lacked one or two teeth. Lower second premolars were the teeth most frequently missing. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 1.9%; 11 girls and three boys were affected; 78% of the supernumerary teeth were mesiodenses. Of the morphological variations, peg-shaped upper lateral incisors were found in 0.8% of the children, double-formation (gemination) in 0.3%, taurodontism in 0.3% and dens invaginatus in 6.8%. One diagnosis was found in 18% of the children, and in almost 8% of them more than one diagnosis was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results agree with those obtained in similar populations and are considered representative of this ethnic group. The hypothesis of a genetically determined higher prevalence of numerical and morphological variations in the study population was not verified.

Anodontia↗
PubMed2001

Bilateral macrodontia of mandibular second premolars: a case report.

Macrodontia of single teeth is rare. This has been reported on only six occasions in scientific journals when affecting mandibular second premolars with associated morphological anomalies. The large crown size causes problems with eruption, and disrupts the dentition. There are consequent inherent difficulties for the extraction of these teeth. Once erupted, their anatomy predisposes them to caries. Most cases are seen in children, before interventive surgery has been completed. The morphological anomalies of these premolar Macrodonts appear quite distinct and may justify a separate unique categorization.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2001

The dentofacial manifestations of XXXXY syndrome: a case report.

This paper presents a six-year-old patient with XXXXY syndrome, whose oral findings included a cleft soft palate, hyper- or meso-taurodontism in eight primary molars and in the mandibular permanent first molars, five congenitally missing premolars, and delayed development of the permanent tooth germs. The maxillary and mandibular primary central incisors were in a cross-bite relationship. Cephalometric findings showed a short ramus of the mandible and a short maxilla in the anterioposterior plane. The anteroposterior jaw relationship was in harmony. The cross-bite was considered to be due to the retroinclination of the maxillary primary incisors. This case emphasises the importance of regular dental care, and monitoring of facial growth and dental development in children with XXXXY syndrome.

Anodontia↗
PubMed2001

Traditional tooth bud gouging in a Ugandan family: a report involving three sisters.

It has been reported in the literature that some rural populations of Sub-Saharan and Eastern Africa and other isolated areas around the world, practise gouging or enucleation of primary tooth buds to cure childhood illnesses. The unerupted primary canine tooth bud is believed to be the cause of febrile illness, diarrhoea, and vomiting; prevalent in infants in these areas of the world. Tooth bud gouging has implications for the developing dentition, and is a potential risk to the health and life of the child. Reported prevalence ranges from 22%-90%. From the information in this case report, the practise of tooth bud gouging is no longer confined to rural areas and may well be performed by communities that have emigrated to the UK. The three sisters described, now resident in the UK, suffered tooth gouging in a city clinic in Uganda. The damage caused to the primary and permanent dentition is described and treatment planning and options are suggested for each case to restore structure and function. Appropriate provision of healthcare and education could avoid the potential long-term damage to the health of the child and their developing dentition by the practise of tooth bud gouging, whether it occurs in the developing or developed world.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term results of bovine mandibular fractures involving the molar teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative complications and long-term outcome of simple mandibular fractures involving the molar teeth in cattle. ANIMAL POPULATION: Seventeen cattle with mandibular fractures involving the molar teeth with disruption of the occlusal surface. METHODS: Treatment consisted of application of AO/ASIF-Pinless External Fixators (Synthes, Paoli, PA) in 14 cows, interdental wire stabilization in 1 cow, and conservative treatment in 2 cows. Long-term outcome was determined by telephone contact with the owners, and whenever possible, cows were reevaluated by physical, intraoral, and radiographic examination of the fracture site. RESULTS: Loosening of the fixation device (4 cattle) and bone sequestration (11 cattle) were the most commonly encountered complications. Oral incontinence during rumination was a minor complication in 1 cow. The mean (+/- SD) time the cattle were in production was 26 (+/- 14) months, with 10 cows still alive at follow-up examination; 9 cows were reevaluated. On intraoral examination there was a step in the occlusal surface at the level of the healed fracture site in 3 cows, wave and shear mouth formation in 3 cows, and enamel point formation in 1 cow. Radiographically, all the reevaluated fractures had healed, and there were no signs of tooth root infection. CONCLUSIONS: Complications during healing were bone sequestration and loosening of the fixator. None of the cows was removed from production because of fracture-associated complications, but decreased milk yield occurred in 2 cows. Tooth abnormalities developed in 6 cows, but function of the mandible was not altered. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mandible fractures involving the molar teeth carry a good prognosis for return to normal function. Radiographic follow-up is necessary to detect bone sequestration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal tooth anlagen and their histologic correlates].

AIM: The present study was to examine the radiographic and histologic correlation of the respective ultrasonographic findings. METHODS: Histologic examinations were performed in 12 fetuses who had died in utero between 16 and 34 weeks of gestation. The fetuses had been examined by intrauterine sonography for tooth germs and had been subjected to additional radiographic examinations post abortum or partum. During autopsy, the tooth germs were again examined sonographically and radiographically, and non-decalcified histological sections were obtained by means of the sawing and grinding technique. RESULTS: The results obtained by histologically examining the 12 fetal jaws in the ultrasonic plane corresponded in all cases to those examined by sonography and radiology. CONCLUSION: Sonographic proof of tooth germs might gain increasing importance in future because agenesia of tooth germs is one of the principal signs of a variety of hereditary syndromes, particularly those of ectodermal origin.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗
PubMed2000

Tooth anomalies associated with failure of eruption of first and second permanent molars.

The occurrence of tooth anomalies in association with failure of the first and second molars to erupt was assessed in a sample of 1520 nonsyndromic subjects with uncrowded dental arches (mean age, 14 years 4 months) and compared with the prevalence rate calculated in a matched control group of 1000 subjects. The tooth anomalies examined included infraocclusion of deciduous molars, palatal displacement of maxillary canines, rotation of maxillary lateral incisors, aplasia of second premolars, and small size of maxillary lateral incisors. Associations among arrested eruption of first and second permanent molars and anomalies in tooth eruption and position (infraoccluded deciduous molars, palatally displaced canines, rotated maxillary lateral incisors) were highly significant (P <. 001). No significant association was found among the occurrence of molar eruption disturbances, aplasia of premolars, and small-sized laterals. These findings point to a common biologic cause for the appearance of failure of eruption of molar teeth and other disturbances in tooth eruption and position, most likely under genetic influence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Orthodontic treatment in long-term survivors after pediatric bone marrow transplantation.

Children treated for childhood cancers with both radiation and chemotherapy often exhibit disturbances in dental development. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcome in 10 orthodontically treated children was performed. A questionnaire was sent to each child's orthodontist, and 5 orthodontists reported that the patient's medical condition influenced their choice of treatment plan. Three orthodontists, all treating patients with severely disturbed root development, reported using lighter forces than they used with the average patient. With regard to complications related to orthodontic treatment, 1 of the 10 patients showed evidence of root resorption. In 4 of the 10 patients, the treatment result was judged to be unsatisfactory. This study showed that, although ideal treatment results were not always achieved, orthodontic treatment did not produce any harmful side effects in children who are long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dental morphologic characteristics of normal versus delayed developing dentitions with palatally displaced canines.

An earlier study reported on the delayed dental age in about 50% of patients with palatally displaced canines (PDC), suggesting the possible existence of 2 different PDC phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether the PDC subgroup with late dental age displays different dental features from the PDC subgroup with normal dental age, supporting the above assumption. The 3 dental parameters examined were mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth sizes, the presence of anomalous maxillary lateral incisors, and other congenitally missing teeth. Fifty-eight subjects with PDC, 37 girls and 21 boys, were divided according to dental age and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. The results revealed marked sexual dimorphism. Delayed dental development was twice as prevalent among the PDC males. The existence of 2 distinct PDC subgroups was supported for males only. One subgroup was characterized by delayed dental development, smaller-than-average teeth, and a marked increase in the prevalence of anomalous lateral incisors. The second subgroup more closely resembled the controls, presenting a timely developed dentition, a moderate and nonsignificant increase of anomalous lateral incisors, and a reduction in the dimensions of only the central incisors and the first molars. In females, although the prevalence of anomalous lateral incisors was slightly increased in the late dental age subgroup, tooth sizes were remarkably similar, negating the existence of 2 distinct subpopulations. Studying the overall PDC group as a single entity produced confusing results because important differences were obscured when the 2 sexes and the 2 dental age subgroups (in males) were combined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Peg-shaped and small lateral incisors not at higher risk for root resorption.

The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of external root resorption for peg-shaped and small lateral incisors according to various conditions and to compare it with that of normal-shaped lateral incisors. The periapical radiographs of 114 patients with 60 peg-shaped and 54 small lateral incisors were measured before and after treatment. Crown shape was assessed by examining pretreatment study casts. Findings showed that there was no significant difference in external root resorption between peg-shaped (1.09 mm) and normal lateral incisors (0.88 mm). However, a statistically significant difference in apical root resorption between small lateral incisors (1.03 mm) and normal lateral incisors (1.62 mm) was found. Peg-shaped laterals were also coincidentally found to occur more frequently on the left side of the arch.

Adolescent↗